Word formation/formacion de las palabras - English Linguistic

WORD FORMATION

Etymology = the study of origin • Butcher • Girl • Deer

Word formation – what are these words examples of? Burgle Champagne Laser Lovable Pub Chatroom Egg

denim perp NATO sofa Sunday to text motel

spork cowboy street

Borrowing and loan translation Borrowing Sky, skirt, egg Street, chalk, cheese Candle, altar, pope, priest Parliament, reign, prison Broccoli, piano, sherry, cigar, atom, sushi, sofa

Loan translation honey moon, Fr. lune de miel Sunday < lat. Solis dies Sw. `grodman´, `soffpotatis´

Derivation and compounding Derivation Rewrite, unjust, befriend, ex-wife, Lovely, lovable, truthful, harmless, reader

Compounding Boyfriend, doghouse, red-hot, far-reaching, cowboy, username, chatroom

Conversion and backformation Conversion To text, to bottle, to chair, to dog

Backformation Edit(or) Babysit(ter) Burgle (burglar)

Clipping and acronym Clipping Ad, phone, pub, gym, perp(etrator) hankie, telly

Acronym Laser, radar, NATO, WOW, COD, MASH, yuppie

Blending and coinage Blending Motel, smog, infotainment, Oxbridge, spork Sw. Stins, bastu

Coinage Champagne, denim, jeans, boycot, Fr. poubelle

MORPHOLOGY

MORPHEMES • • • • •

Happy Happily Unhappily Dogcatcher Dogcatchers

• • • • •

Happy (1) Happi | ly (2) Un | happi | ly (3) Dog | catch |er (3) Dog | catch |er | s (4)

Morphology = the study of the structure and classification of words and the units that make up words. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning. The morpheme cannot be broken down into more meaningful units: friends = friend + plural (he) walks = walk + present tense singular –s rewrite = repetition + write

A free morpheme is a meaningful grammatical unit that can stand alone (friend in friends), (love in lovely). A bound morpheme is a meaningful grammatical unit that cannot stand alone (–s in friends, -ly in lovely).

FREE AND BOUND MORPHEMES lexical free

functional morpheme Derivational bound inflectional

MORPHEMES FREE lexical Eat Finger Pretty Bird

functional if she on and

BOUND Derivational inflectional (happi)ly (bird)s Re(write) (eat)ing Un(happy) (walk)ed (govern)ment (cheap)er Inflectional morphemes: girl’s, girls, walks, walked, walking, taken, smaller, smallest

AFFIXES AND STEMS Prefix

stem apple

suffix s

ex-wife’s:

ex

wife

‘s

unfriendly:

un

friend

ly

Disagree:

dis

agree

apples:

Free morphemes function as stems, bound morphemes as affixes (ie. prefixes or suffixes) However, there are also bound stems: vision, visible, visibility < visi?

Allomorphs: different realisations of the same meaning, eg different plural markers; Cat + s cats /s/ Bus + es buses /iz/ Child + ren children /en/ Sheep + /Ø/ sheep /Ø/

Use the correct prefix to form the opposite of Approve Bug Expensive Happy Logical Possible

Suffixes which form abstract nouns: - dom

freedom

- hood

childhood

- ment

amazement

- ness

worthiness

- ship

kinship

Suffixes which form concrete nouns: - ant - ee - eer - er - ist - or

contestant employee pioneer teacher royalist survivor

What ford formation processes are the following words a result of? moped babysit Sunlight movement to dirty chunnel

housekeep prof Dinky galumph WASP boyhood

What kind of morphemes do these words contain? textbook kindness blackbird actor but buses refusal

smallish their meet yearly asked took unbelievably