Una propuesta anti-Estado, anti-autoritaria y anti-securitización para investigar la violencia política [An anti-State, anti-Authoritarian & anti-Securitization proposal for investigating political violence

May 19, 2017 | Autor: Michael Loadenthal | Categoría: Critical Theory, Social Movements, Emotion, Feminist Theory, Social Research Methods and Methodology, Social Sciences, Research Methods and Methodology, Action Research, Research Methodology, Methodology, Qualitative methodology, Qualitative Methods, Critical Pedagogy, Community Engagement & Participation, Security, Social Movement, Anarchism, Internet research methods, Security Studies, Anarchist Studies, Protest, Social Movements (Political Science), Feminism, Transnational Social Movements, Militant Research, Social movements and revolution, Affect/Emotion, Qualitative Research Methods, Affect (Cultural Theory), Anarchist Philosophy of Education, Post-Anarchism, Anarchist Pedagogy, Anarchism & Postmodern Theory, Feminism and Social Justice, New social movements, Protest Movements, Critical Terrorism Studies, Positionality, Militant, Social Sciences, Research Methods and Methodology, Action Research, Research Methodology, Methodology, Qualitative methodology, Qualitative Methods, Critical Pedagogy, Community Engagement & Participation, Security, Social Movement, Anarchism, Internet research methods, Security Studies, Anarchist Studies, Protest, Social Movements (Political Science), Feminism, Transnational Social Movements, Militant Research, Social movements and revolution, Affect/Emotion, Qualitative Research Methods, Affect (Cultural Theory), Anarchist Philosophy of Education, Post-Anarchism, Anarchist Pedagogy, Anarchism & Postmodern Theory, Feminism and Social Justice, New social movements, Protest Movements, Critical Terrorism Studies, Positionality, Militant
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An anti-State, anti-Authoritarian & antiSecuritization proposal for investigating political violence Una propuesta anti-Estado, anti-autoritaria y antisecuritización para investigar la violencia política Michael Loadenthal

¿Cómo podemos discutir, investigar e interpretar mejor la "violencia política"? ¿Cómo enseñamos a los futuros soldados, espías, analistas ...? Incluso si no somos "maestros" o "estudiantes" todavía necesitamos un método para entender la violencia How can we better discuss, investigate and interpret ‘political violence’? How do we teach future soldiers, spies, analysts…? Even if we are not ‘teachers’ or ‘students’ we still need a method for making sense of violence

knowledge extraction, hierarchal, expertise-ism, objectivity, standardization, detachment, securitization, centrality of state Extracción del conocimiento, jerarquía, privilegio de los expertos, objetividad, estandarización, desprendimiento, uso de conocimientos para fines de seguridad esta te, centralidad del estado

knowledge construction as political, affect/emotive interpretation, challenging hierarchies, excavating marginalized knowledge, mutual benefit, engaged orientation, social action, responsibility, acknowledged imperfection Construcción del conocimiento como política, interpretación afectiva / emotiva, jerarquías desafiantes, rescate de conociminentos marginados, beneficio mutuo, orientación comprometida, acción social, responsabilidad, imperfección reconocida

•  De-emphasize and de-center the State and its interests •  Des-enfatizar y de-centrar el Estado y sus intereses

•  Emphasis on theory + practice (praxis) •  Énfasis en teoría + práctica

•  Embracing decentralization (of approaches) •  Abordar la descentralización (de enfoques)

•  Horizontalism, voluntary association & non-coercive means of interacting with respondents and communities •  Horizontalidad, asociación voluntaria y medios no coercitivos de interactuar con los encuestados y las comunidades

•  Focus on emancipation and expanding spheres of freedom •  Enfocarse en la emancipación y expandir las esferas de la libertad

•  Embracing the affective/emotive •  Retomar lo afectivo / emotivo

Why anarchism?

(Doucet & Mauthner, Feminist Methodologies and Epistemologies, 2006)

•  “A feminist method seeks to challenge multiple hierarchies of inequality within social life, and thus a feminist method/ epistemology may not be a distinct approach, but overlays this political project atop knowledge building .”

•  “Un método feminista intenta desafiar múltiples jerarquías de desigualdad dentro de la vida social, y así un método/ epistemología feminista podria no ser un enfoque distinto, pero se sobrepone sobre este proyecto político por encima de la construcción del conocimiento.”

Why feminism?

•  Taking up issues of power, authority, ethics, positionality…

(Amplia) Principios de un método

•  Retomar temas de poder, autoridad, ética, posicionalidad ...

•  Seeking social change and social transformation •  Buscar cambio social y transformación social

•  Asking new questions that often get at subjugated knowledge •  Hacer nuevas preguntas que suelen llegar al conocimiento subyugado

•  Engaging with politics of knowledge production •  Compromiso con la política de producción de conocimiento

(Broad) Principals of a method

“…the conscious choice of trying to speaking with co-participants rather than speak for research subjects, of trying to mitigate the structural violence often present in the positionality of the researchers vis-àvis co-participants, and to engage in research that keeps as a constant overall aim the freeing of human beings from slavery.”

“…La elección consciente de tratar de hablar con los participantes en lugar de hablar por los subjectos de investigación, de intentar mitigar la violencia estructural que a menudo se presenta en la posición de los investigadores frente a los co-participantes y de participar en investigaciones que guardan Un objetivo global constante de la liberación de los seres humanos de la esclavitud.”

(Harmonie Toros, Terrorists as Co-Participants in Research, 2016)

Feminist research ethics are…. La ética de la investigación feminista es.... •  Drawing on the insights and struggles of marginalized & challenging the encircling of knowledge claims by those occupying privileged positions •  Basándose en las ideas y las luchas de los marginados y desafiando el rodeo de las reivindicaciones de conocimiento por los ocupantes de posiciones privilegiadas •  Transnational perspectives unearthing subjugated knowledge •  Perspectivas transnacionales desenterrar el conocimiento subyugado •  Embracing collaboration •  Abrazando la colaboración •  Conscious of power hierarchies & authority/power differentials in the research process •  Conscientes de las jerarquías de poder y los diferenciales de autoridad / poder en el proceso de investigación

(Blakely, “Reflections on the Role of Emotion in Feminist Research,” 2007)

“Emotionally engaged research is guided by an ethic of caring: caring for the research… the research participants, what becomes of the research.” “La investigación comprometida emocionalmente está guiada por una ética de cuidado: cuidando la investigación ... los participantes de la investigación, qué pasa con la investigación”

•  How do ‘emotionally charged topics—affect us on a emotional and experiential level •  Underlying bias: ideal researcher as an objective, ‘value-free,’ and detached truth-finder.

“I have to pause and reconsider the traditional role of the anthropologist as neutral, dispassionate, cool and rational, objective observer of the human condition.” “Tengo que hacer una pausa y reconsiderar el papel tradicional del antropólogo como observador neutro, desapasionado, fresco y racional, objetivo de la condición humana.” (Scheper-Hughes, The Primacy of the Ethical: Propositions for a Militant Anthropology, 1995)

•  What is called objectivity is simply the promotion of a dominant worldview •  Lo que se llama objetividad es simplemente la promoción de una cosmovisión dominante

•  The ‘militant’ must challenge aims of remaining detached and avoiding “participation in the struggle.” •  El "militante" debe desafiar los objetivos de permanecer desapegado y evitar la "participación en la lucha".

A proposal of sorts…

•  Embracing ‘militancy’: a re-politicized, non-detached engagement •  Abrazar la "militancia": un compromiso re-politizado, no desapegado

•  Embedded and affective not detached and ‘objective’ •  Incrustado y afectivo no desprendido y "objetivo"

•  Action-orientated, community-based, participatory •  Acciones orientadas a la acción, comunitarias, participativas

•  Co-construction of knowledge

•  Co-construcción del conocimiento

•  Subject-centric not State-centric

•  Centrado en el tema no centrado en el Estado

•  Transparency in process & positionality •  Transparency in process & positionality

•  Intentionality over dual use

•  Intencionalidad sobre el uso dual

…based on discussions surrounding… •  Blakely, K. (2007). Reflections on the role of emotion in feminist research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 6(2), Article 4. •  Doucet, A. and Mauthner N. (2006) “Feminist Methodologies and Epistemologies” in C. D. Bryant and D. L. Peck (Eds.) Handbook of 21st Century Sociology (26-32). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage •  Genet, Jean. 1983. “Four Hours in Shatila.” Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Spring, 1983), pp. 3-22. •  Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. 1995. “The Primacy of the Ethical: Propositions for a Militant Anthropology.” Current Anthropology, Vol. 36, No. 3., 409-440. •  Hesse-Biber, Sharlene Nagy. “Feminist Research: Exploring, Interrogating, and Transforming the Interconnections of Epistemology, Methodology, and Method.” In Handbook of Feminist Research: Theory and Praxis, Second Edition. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2011. gmail.com •  Toros, Harmonie. “Terrorists as Co-Participants?: Outline of a Research Model.” In Critical Methods in Terrorism Studies, edited by Priya Dixit and Jacob L. Stump, 49–58. New York, NY: Routledge, 2016.

[email protected] https://gmu.academia.edu/MichaelLoadenthal

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