CASIRJ
Volume 7 Issue 10 [Year - 2016]
ISSN 2319 – 9202
Temporal change in land use pattern in special reference of Western Uttar Pradesh Tara Chand Saxena Assistant professor Email id-
[email protected] BSAIL Faridabad (MD University Rohtak) HR Abstract Land which includes soil, water and associated plants and animals is a complex and dynamic combination of factors like – Geology, Topography, Hydrology, soils, Micro climates and community of plants and animals that are continuously inter-acting under influence of climate and people’s activities. The use to which land is put is determined by owners, farmers, government institutions, etc. according to their own perception of needs. Such decisions are also influence by physical factors like soil and climate, technology and socioeconomic aspirations of community. In western Uttar Pradesh, It is observed that the total reporting area has changed in entire period from 8069224 hectare to 7300536 hectare.out of which a big proportion of 5597634 hectare (76.67%) is under net sown area followed by other land non agriculture of 833895 hectare (11.42%), forest 331872 hectare (4.55%), current fallow land 181740 hectare (2.49%), old fallow land 99931hectare (1.37%), groves and gardens 45821 hectare (0.63%), barren and un-cultivated land 112952 hectare (1.55%), cultivated waste land 83112 hectare (1.14%) and pasture land13579 hectare (0.19%). Population of the region has grown up because of easy availability of fertile land and water so the demand of land is increasing for the different use. The land use pattern of western Uttar Pradesh has changed during the entire period 2001 to 2011 Key words- Land use pattern, Barren land, Net sown area, Current fallow, pasture land Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of the country, is situated between 23*52’ and 30*24’ north latitude and 77*05’ and 84*38’ east longitude. The state shares international border with Nepal and is bounded by the states of uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh, Bihar, and Jharkhand. Total geographical area of the state is 24,170 thousand hectare (which is 7.33% of total area of India) out of which 16,573 thousand hectare is under cultivation. Gross cropped area is 25,414 thousand ha with the cropping intensity of 153%. In Uttar Pradesh size of holding is around 0.83 ha and per capita land area is 0.14 ha, which is less than a half of the national average of 0.32 ha. Uttar Pradesh is largest producer of wheat, potato, sugarcane and milk whereas third largest producer of rice. Agriculture still constitutes the backbone of the state economy, more so, because it provides livelihood to about two-third population of the state. Western Uttar Pradesh covering an area of International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com
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7300536 km2 which is 29.96% of total geographical area of the state. Western Uttar Pradesh consists of 26 districts in six divisions. Land is an essential pre-requisite both for primary production system as well as for meeting social priorities and therefore, must be available in adequate extent and desired quality.Per capita availability of this resource is declining due to various reasons.Successful development planning for future will now depend on scientific land use planning with specific consideration to maintaining and improving the land. Land which includes soil, water and associated plants and animals is a complex and dynamic combination of factors like – Geology, Topography, Hydrology, soils, Micro climates and community of plants and animals that are continuously inter-acting under influence of climate and people’s activities. The use to which land is put is determined by owners, farmers, government institutions, etc. according to their own perception of needs. Such decisions are also influence by physical factors like soil and climate, technology and socio-economic aspirations of community.The basic needs of people like food, fodder and fire wood are biomass based. Objectives of the paper and Research Methodology The main objective of this Research paper isanalyzing the temporal change in land use pattern during 2001 to 2011 in western Uttar Pradesh. The study of this research paper is based on the primary as well as secondary data which are obtained from the Government, semi-government and non-government sources basically from the Department of Land use board of Uttar Pradesh and government of India. Land use change have been analyzedby comparing the year 2001 to 2011 Land use pattern in Western U.P. In western Uttar Pradesh about 8069224 hectare lands is reported under various uses in 2001.it is clear from data obtain by different land uses boards in India. It is recorded that 336593 hectare land under forests which is 4.17% of total reporting area and 133532 hectare (1.65%) under culturable waste land. The western Uttar Pradesh possesses only 176949 hectare (2.19%) under current fallow and 160209 hectare (1.99%) under fallow lands other than current fallows. About 171988 hectare land area under barren and uncultivable land which is 2.13% of total reporting area and 802777 hectare (9.95%) area under non-agriculture uses. About 14827 hectare (0.18%) area under permanent pastures and other grazing lands and 50946 hectare (0.63%) area of land under Misc. tree crops and groves. About 5988926 hectare area under net sown area which is 74.22% of total reporting area. Forest Area: There is wide spatial variation in the proportion of various land uses in the districts of western Uttar Pradesh in 2001. All the districts of western Uttar Pradesh beside of Pilibhit, the forest area is less than 15% which is very less to have desired level of forest cover which is 33%. Only one district Pilibhit which has 22.44% of forest area. It is notable that the district which is highly populated has less forest area. There are four districts where forest area is found between 5 to 10%. Some districts show less than 2% of forests and some districts negligible show where percentage of forest land to the total area could not reach even 1% such as Bareilly (.06%), Moradabad (.06%), G.B.Nagar (.20%), Mathura (.45%),Etah (.69%) Aligarh (.72%) and Mainpuri (.79%). Culturable Waste Land: This includes land available for cultivation, whether taken up or not taken up for cultivation once, but not cultivated during the last five years or more in succession including the current year for some reason or the other. Such land may be either fallow or covered with shrubs and jungles, which are not put to any use. They may be accessible or International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com
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Volume 7 Issue 10 [Year - 2016]
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inaccessible and may lie in isolated blocks or within cultivated holdings. The total reporting area under culturable waste land in 2001 was 133532 hectare which is 1.65% of total reporting area. This type of land category is vary from .15% in Rampur to 7.22% in Etah. Current Fallows: This represents cropped area, which is kept fallow during the current year. Data available in the table in 2001 the total area under current fellow is 176949 hectare which is 2.19% of total reporting area. The variation in the distribution of this land category is vary from .49% in Pilibhit to 5.64% in Mainpuri.The variation in current fellow reflects rainfall, irrigation facilities and crop rotation. Fallow Lands other than Current Fallows: This includes all land, which was taken up for cultivation but is temporarily out of cultivation for a period of not less than one year and not more than five years. The total reporting area under fallow lands and other than current fallows in 2001 was 160209 hectare which was 1.99% of total reporting area in western Uttar Pradesh. It decreased in 2011 and total reporting area was 99931 hectare which is 1.37% of total reporting area. The variation of this type land varies from0.12% in Rampur to 7.26% in Mainpuri in 2001 Barren and Un-culturable Land: This includes all land covered by mountains, deserts, etc. Land, which cannot be brought under cultivation except at an exorbitant cost is classified as unculturable whether such land is in isolated blocks or within cultivated holdings. The total reporting area under barren and un-culturale land in western Uttar Pradesh in 2001 was 171988 hectare which is 2.13% of total reporting area. It decreased to 112952 hectare which is 1.55% of total reporting area in 2011.it varies from .28% in Saharanpur to 6.70% in Mainpuri in2001. Area under Non-agricultural Uses: This includes all land occupied by buildings, roads and railways or under water, e.g. rivers and canals, and other land put to uses other than agriculture. According to the data available for 2001 about 802777 hectare which is 9.95% of total reporting area in western Uttar Pradesh falls within non-agricultural uses. There is marked variation in the distribution of this land category. This varies from 4.09% in Amroha to 16.26% in Ghaziabad.An important concentration of this category of land use can be seen in those districts which have higher density of population. In this way, there is a positive correlation between the density of population and the area under the category of land put to nonagricultural uses. Permanent Pasture and other Grazing Land: This includes all grazing land whether it is permanent pasture/meadows or not. Village common grazing land is included under this category. Total land under this category in 2001 was 14827 hectare which is 0.18% of total reporting area. It increased very slightly from 0.18% to 0.19% due to change in total reporting area in 2011. The variation can be seen in the distribution of this type of land in districts level. It varies from lowest0.04% in Ghaziabad to highest 0.56% in Hathras. Land under Miscellaneous Tree Crops, etc.: This includes all cultivable land, which is not included in ‘Net area sown’ but is put to some agricultural use. Land under casuring trees, thatching grasses, bamboo bushes and other groves for fuel, etc. which are not included under ‘Orchards’ are classified under this category. It covered 0.63% of total reported area in 2001 International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com
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whereas was increased to 0.83% areas in 2011. Land under this category was found highest 2.13% in Agra and lowest 0.05% in Baghpat. This land area are very low as compare to the other region of Uttar Pradesh, due to urban growth in the capital city and cause expansion of construction in adjoin part of the districts. Net Area Sown: This represents the total area sown with crops and orchards. Area has sown more than once in the same year is counted only once. There can be seen a wide variation in the distribution of the proportion of net sown area in districts level. It varies from 38.97% in Amroha to 84.93% in Moradabad in western Uttar Pradesh. There are thirteen districts where net sown area is registered above 75% of the reporting area. Ten district where net sown area is registered below the average of 74.22% of the reporting area. Only one district where net sown area registered lower level of 38.97% of reporting area. TABLE NO. 1 AREA UNDER VARIOUS LAND USES (2001to 2011) (In hectare)
DistrictName Agra
Reporting Area For Land Utilization Statistics 2001 2011 398060 398970
Aligarh
369679
371261
Amroha
439679
216879
Badaun
520028
425466
Bagpat
134531
134983
Bareilly
407490
406915
Bijnor
464578
464545
Bulandshahar
359878
364974
Etah
445892
244068
Ferozabad
235733
241180
G.B.Nagar
195493
125422
Gaziabad
201005
154252
Hapur
201005
118722
Hathras
178968
180155
Kasganj
205999
195601
Mainpuri
273060
272723
Mathura
329641
330328
Meerut
275973
273005
Forests
2001 45437 (11.41) 2680 (.72) 11857 (2.70) 6903 (1.33) 1525 (1.13) 226 (0.06) 43816 (9.43) 7544 (2.10) 3075 (0.69) 8611 (3.65) 400 (0.20) 2470 (1.23) 2470 (1.23) 2090 (1.17) 1629 (0.79) 2154 (0.79 1497 (0.45) 26787 (9.71)
2011 39156 (8.95) 2577 (.69) 20893 (9.63) 4304 (1.01) 1525 (1.13) 352 (0.09) 54898 (11.82) 7795 (2.14) 1033 (0.42) 8646 (3.58) 2003 (1.60) 1644 (1.07) 2997 (2.52) 1770 (0.98) 2058 (1.05) 1775 (0.65) 1592 (0.48) 21314 (7.81)
Culturable Waste Land
Current Fallow
Fallow Lands Other than Current Fallows
2001 3325 (0.84) 6668 (1.80) 2883 (.66) 6465 (1.24) 1906 (1.42) 2108 (0.52) 3525 (0.76) 8220 (2.28) 32214 (7.22) 3999 (1.70) 4555 (2.33) 3703 (1.84) 3703 (1.84) 2284 (1.28) 13818 (6.71) 9254 (3.39) 5562 (1.69) 2748 (1.00)
2001 10468 (2.63) 3685 (1.00) 5597 (1.27) 14528 (2.79) 2421 (1.80) 6523 (1.60) 8063 (1.74) 3146 (0.87) 16593 (3.72) 8130 (3.45) 7485 (3.83) 9089 (4.52) 9089 (4.52) 2476 (1.38) 6722 (3.26) 15411 (5.64) 4586 (1.39) 2197 (0.80)
2001 6171 (1.55) 9107 (2.47) 2439 (.55) 16373 (3.15) 1236 (0.92) 4639 (1.14) 3088 (0.66) 4609 (1.28) 21718 (4.87) 8885 (3.77) 8274 (4.23) 5139 (2.56) 5139 (2.56) 3823 (2.14) 8458 (4.11) 19836 (7.26) 7388 (2.24) 3299 (1.20)
2011 2381 (0.60) 5330 (1.44) 892 (.41) 3301 (0.78) 1616 (1.20) na 3642 (0.78) 4314 (1.18) 12946 (5.30) 3025 (1.25) 1951 (1.56) 2953 (1.91) 100 (0.08) 1431 (0.79) 10213 (5.22) 6745 (2.47) 5385 (1.63) 2446 (0.90)
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2011 18743 (4.70) 6110 (1.65) 3179 (1.47) 7366 (1.73) 2896 (2.15) 13587 (3.34) 3089 (0.66) 3795 (1.04) 10212 (4.18) 6293 (2.61) 18665 (14.88) 4131 (2.68) 8856 (7.46) 1910 (1.06) 5996 (3.07) 13834 (5.07) 6384 (1.93) 2996 (1.10)
2011 5089 (1.28) 5277 (1.42) 1137 (.52) 8137 (1.91) 833 (0.62) 3262 (0.80) 3524 (0.76) 1036 (0.28) 9130 (3.74) 6643 (2.75) 6510 (5.19) 2901 (1.88) 842 (0.71) 2588 (1.44) 4584 (2.34) 16003 (5.87) 2712 (0.82) 2200 (0.81)
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Moradabad
375865
254208
Muzaffernagar
412335
331125
Pilibhit
357224
378384
Rampur
235717
235726
Saharanpur
357001
363791
Sambhal
Na
248372
Shajahanpur
457613
437469
Shamli
236762
132012
Grand Total
8069224
7300536
223 (0.06) 17352 (4.21) 80156 (22.44) 6611 (2.80) 33229 (9.31) Na 10499 (2.29) 17352 (7.33) 336593 (4.17)
48 (0.02) 19536 (5.90) 80010 (21.15) 6611 (2.80) 33229 (9.13) 616 (0.25) 10499 (2.40) 8456 (6.41) 331872 (4.55)
1602 (0.43) 3006 (0.73) 3544 (0.99) 342 (0.15) 1411 (0.40) Na 4681 (1.02) 2006 (0.85) 133532 (1.65)
866 (0.34) 1390 (0.42) 3159 (0.83) 204 (0.09) 678 (0.19) 2197 (0.88) 3560 (0.81) 736 (0.56) 83112 (1.14)
7683 (2.04) 4466 (1.08) 1767 (0.49) 2759 (1.17) 2500 (0.70) Na 18099 (3.96) 3466 (1.46) 176949 (2.19)
ISSN 2319 – 9202 5712 (2.25) 4997 (1.51) 6629 (1.75) 2918 (1.24) 2628 (0.72) 5084 (2.05) 14027 (3.21) 1703 (1.29) 181740 (2.49)
2647 (0.70) 3258 (0.79) 1779 (0.50) 277 (0.12) 1374 (0.38) Na 8995 (1.97) 2258 (0.95) 160209 (1.99)
1499 (0.59) 1809 (0.55) 1722 (0.46) 465 (0.20) 1533 (0.42) 2995 (1.21) 6825 (1.56) 675 (0.51) 99931 (1.37)
(Continue table)
District Name Agra Aligarh Amroha Badaun Bagpat Bareilly Bijnor Bulandshahar Etah Ferozabad G.B.Nagar Ghaziabad Hapur Hathras Kasganj Mainpuri
Barren and UnCulturable Land
Area Under Non Agricultural Uses
Land Under Misc. Tree Crops and Groves
Net Area Sown
2011
Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing Lands 2001 2011
2001
2011
2001
2001
2011
2001
2011
5483 (1.38) 11154 (3.02) 13580 (3.09) 10285 (1.98) 1960 (1.46) 10710 (2.63) 9233 (1.99) 6147 (1.71) 6384 (1.43) 7990 (3.39) 6842 (3.50) 5489 (2.73) 5489 (2.73) 5699 (3.18) 2231 (1.08) 18287
3949 (0.99) 6051 (1.63) 1148 (0.53) 9172 (2.16) 1976 (1.46) 6266 (1.54) 3919 (0.84) 5984 (1.64) 2319 (0.95) 7990 (3.39) 2136 (1.70) 2698 (1.75) 2693 (2.27) 3611 (2.00) 3429 (1.75) 15488
37166 (9.34) 33795 (9.14) 17966 (4.09) 43156 (8.30) 14960 (11.12) 50107 (12.30) 51953 (11.18) 33915 (9.42) 40720 (9.13) 20039 (8.50) 25715 (13.15) 32686 (16.26) 32686 (16.26) 15715 (8.78) 22812 (11.07) (0.00)
40945 (10.00) 39903 (4.70) 17439 (16.60) 36000 (3.96) 16842 (38.86) 52461 (13.73) 55882 (8.99) 41756 (5.91) 21577 (10.40) 25384 (11.60) 27974 (21.65) 27155 (10.02) 15454 (15.94) 18924 (13.89) 25022 (10.69) 20914
919 (0.23) 1811 (0.49) 191 (0.04) 431 (0.08) 101 (0.08) 801 (0.20) 419 (0.09) 851 (0.24) 834 (0.19) 667 (0.28) 674 (0.34) 86 (0.04) 86 (0.04) 1011 (0.56) 330 (0.16) 1415
451 (0.11) 501 (0.14) 1167 (0.27) 6762 (1.30) 18 (0.01) 2339 (0.57) 6382 (1.37) 8934 (2.48) 1850 (0.41) 1434 (0.61) 2451 (1.25) 230 (0.11) 230 (0.11) 234 (0.13) 1238 (0.60) 2127
8485 (2.13) 328 (0.09) 215 (0.10) 7050 (1.66) 73 (0.05) 2747 (0.68) 2718 (0.59) 627 (0.17) 601 (0.25) 595 (0.25) 540 (0.43) 92 (0.06) 238 (0.20) 211 (0.12) 599 (0.31) 1631
288640 (72.51) 300293 (81.23) 171358 (38.97) 413978 (79.61) 110404 (82.07) 330037 (80.99) 338099 (72.78) 286512 (79.61) 322504 (72.33) 175978 (74.65) 139097 (71.15) 142113 (70.70) 142113 (70.70) 145636 (81.38) 148761 (72.21) 185887
282791 (70.88) 303954 (81.87) 171780 (79.21) 349858 (82.23) 109136 (80.85) 326249 (80.18) 336384 (72.41) 298714 (81.85) 185922 (76.18) 182150 (75.52) 65164 (51.96) 112641 (73.02) 87485 (73.69) 148675 (82.53) 143455 (73.34) 194966
896 (0.22) 1731 (0.47) 196 (0.09) 278 (0.07) 86 (0.06) 340 (0.08) 489 (0.11) 953 (0.26) 328 (0.13) 624 (0.26) 479 (0.38) 37 (0.02) 57 (0.05) 1035 (0.57) 245 (0.13) 1367
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CASIRJ Mathura Meerut Moradabad Muzaffernagar Pilibhit Rampur Saharanpur Sambhal Shajahanpur Shamli Grand Total
Volume 7 Issue 10 [Year - 2016] (6.70) 4982 (1.51) 3489 (1.26) 4389 (1.17) 6163 (1.49) 7825 (2.19) 6906 (2.93) 990 (0.28) Na 7118 (1.56) 3163 (1.34) 171988 (2.13)
(5.68) 3650 (1.10) 2360 (0.86) 2296 (0.90) 3379 (1.02) 6835 (1.81) 4747 (2.01) 299 (0.08) 2321 (0.93) 6840 (1.56) 1566 (1.19) 112952 (1.55)
34225 (10.38) 34566 (12.53) 37418 (9.96) 49198 (11.93) 36398 (10.19) 26280 (11.15) 42770 (11.98) Na 39333 (8.60) 29198 (12.33) 802777 (9.95)
(14.36) 39168 (12.68) 41892 (10.62) 28987 (15.02) 38190 (12.71) 42085 (7.36) 27838 (20.91) 49296 (7.88) 28665 (16.44) 40836 (3.04) 13306 (10.08) 833895 (11.42)
(0.52) 1189 (0.36) 377 (0.14) 358 (0.20) 404 (0.10) 317 (0.09) 10 (0.00) 177 (0.05) Na 964 (0.21) 404 (0.17) 14827 (0.18)
(0.50) 1322 (0.40) 549 (0.20) 208 (0.08) 269 (0.08) 250 (0.07) 3 (0.00) 195 (0.05) 368 (0.15) 1049 (0.24) 225 (0.17) 13579 (0.19)
(0.78) 926 (0.28) 90 (0.03) 2306 (0.61) 1948 (0.47) 2530 (0.71) 609 (0.26) 1144 (0.32) Na 4097 (0.90) 948 (0.40) 50946 (0.63)
ISSN 2319 – 9202 (0.60) 937 (0.28) 1425 0.52 1615 (0.64) 1550 (0.47) 4307 (1.14) 1168 (0.50) 1299 (0.36) 2804 (1.13) 3650 (0.83) 316 (0.24) 45821 (0.63)
(68.08) 269286 (81.69) 202420 (73.35) 319239 (84.93) 326540 (79.19) 222908 (62.40) 191923 (81.42) 273406 (76.58) Na 363827 (79.51) 177967 (75.17) 5988926 (74.22)
(71.49) 269178 (81.49) 197823 (72.46) 212977 (83.78) 260005 (78.52) 233387 (61.68) 191772 (81.35) 274634 (75.49) 203322 (81.86) 350183 (80.05) 105029 (79.56) 5597634 (76.67)
Source- Economics & Statistics Division, State Planning Institute, U.P., Lucknow, 2001&2011 Note- N.A indicates data are not available, Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of total reporting area. Temporal Change in Land Use pattern under different category of land Temporal change in land use pattern under various categories over the period from 2001 to 2011 in western Uttar Pradesh in above table. It is observed that the total reporting area has changed in entire period from 8069224 hectare to 7300536 hectare. The forest area has changed from 336593 (4.17%) to 331872(4.55%) in the entire period. Area under permanent pastures and other grazing land shows a significant increase from 2001 to 2011 but it has seen that it is increase in percentage only not in total area. The situation opposite or same in the case of the area under miscellaneous trees and groves. It shows a decline in total area but same in percentage in entire period. Area under culturable waste and Fallow Lands Other than Current Fallows have declined but the area under current fallow has increased slightly. There is considerable decline in the barren and un-culturable land (34.33%) over the entire period. It has beenobserved that a highly significant change in the land put to non- agricultural uses in the entire period from 9.95% to 11.42%. The economic progress through rapid growth in urbanization, industrialization and infrastructural development has caused tremendous increase in demand for land in this sector. There has a slightly change in land use category of net sown area from 74.22% to 76.67% in entire period. Some measures to improve situation 1. The causes of all fallows and Culturable wasteland should be found out and farmers should encourage for agricultural production including farm forestry. 2. In western Uttar Pradesh specially Ghaziabad G.B.Nagar, Hapur and Meerut districts which are near capital region and also rapid industrialization need more land for industry set up and settlement should be encouraged vertical expansion but it should be within the limit. International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com
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3. Barren land and unculturable land should be identified at districts level and developed into growth Centre and industrial estates. 4. The system of land record must be updated along with land capability classification after every year. It should be also digitalize. 5. Land which is lying vacant and not in use in urban and fringe area should be use for forest by which forest ratio came in balance. 6. Soil conservation measures including afforestation on all type of degraded lands must be accelerated on a war footing. 7. Rapid increase in population should also be control by which the heavy demand of land decreases. Reference Integrated Watershed Management Programme (I.W.M.P) IN Uttar Pradesh Perspective and Strategic Plan 2009-2027 Department Of Land Development and Water Resources Government of U.P. Sharma V.N. & Tiwari.Anil K. (2013), Land Use Pattern in Eastern Uttar Pradesh population and regional development, pp 164-176. Sharma, U.K. and Pandey, V.K. (1992), Dynamics of land use in different states of India. BHU Sankhyakiya Diary (2001), Economics & Statistics Division, State Planning Institute, U.P., Lucknow Sankhyakiya Diary (2011), Economics & Statistics Division, State Planning Institute, U.P., Lucknow Singh R. P.and Islam. Zubairul,2010, land use planning in western Uttar Pradesh: issues and challenges Land use statistics at a glance 2003-2004 to 2012-2013,MAY, 2015, Directorate of Economics & Statistics Department of Agriculture & Cooperation Ministry of Agriculture Government of India NEW DELHI
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