T. Ñaco del Hoyo, R. Riera, D.Gómez-Castro (eds.), Ancient Disasters and Crisis Management in Classical Antiquity, Collection Akanthina N.10, ISBN: 978-83-7531-217-1, Gdansk, Poland, 2015.

ANCIENT DISASTERS A N D CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY EDITED BY

TONI Ñ A C O DEL H O Y O ROGER RIERA DANIEL GÓMEZ-CASTRO

edd. Toni Ñaco del Hoyo, Roger Riera, Daniel Gómez-Castro, Ancient Disasters and Crisis Management in Classical Antiquity Gdansk 2015

Published by the Foundation for the Development of Gdansk University for the Department of Mediterranean Archaeology, Gdansk University. Gdansk 2015 Available through Oxbow Books, 10 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford O X 1 2 E W . Monograph Series 'Akanthina' no. 10.

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Series editor: Nicholas V . Sekunda. Layout: dr Slawomir Jgdraszek & mgr Stanislaw Rokita

CONTENTS Notes on Contributors 5 Toni Ñaco del Hoyo, Roger Riera, Daniel Gómez-Castro, Introduction: catastrophes and their aftermath, a new old story 7 Joaquin Muñiz Coello, Attitudes and responses to disasters. The Graeco-Roman records. 13 Carlos Varias García, Daniel Gómez-Castro, 'Humanitarian crises' in the W o r k s of Xenophon 43 Roger Riera, Jordi Principal, Sitting on the fence. Ilergetan attitudes and responses to imperialistic strategies 53 María José Pena Gimeno, Témoignages épigraphiques d'un possible cas de "déplacement forcé de population" à Majorque, II-Ier siècles av. J.-C. 71 Isaías Arrayás Morales, Deportation and re-occupation policies in Southern Anatolia, c.100-50 B C 85 Lydia Matthews, A Man-made Humanitarian Crisis: Augustus and the Salassi 99 Adela Barreda Pascual, Mikel Sanz, Humanitarian Crises caused by Earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean (31 B C - 2 3 A D ) 121 Toni Ñaco del Hoyo, Were the Graeco-Roman disasters in fact 'humanitarian crises'? 149

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Isaías Arrayás-Morales is University Lecturer in Ancient History at Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona ( = U A B ) . He carried out research in Paris as a Spanish Government funded postdoctoral researcher for two years, and has held the 'José Castillejo' and 'Juan de la Cierva' Research Fellowships. Dr. Arrayás is a regular visitor to the libraries in Oxford. His research mostly focuses on Roman territorial studies in the Roman Republican West, water management, and war and politics in the Late Hellenistic East. Adela Barreda Pascual holds a P h D Associate Lecturer in Latin at U A B research projects. Dr. Barreda has Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung. linguistics and didactics, as well as Citerior.

in Latin Philology. She has been University and she currently collaborates with several held a Postdoctoral grant awarded by the She has extensively published on Latin the epigraphy and onomastics of Hispania

Daniel Gómez-Castro is an Ancient Historian of the Greek World who works on war and interstate relations in Classical Greece and the Achaemenid world. He is an associate member of the Historical Research Institute, Universitat de Girona. Dr. Gómez-Castro has done research at Oxford as a visiting postgraduate at the Classics Faculty (2011), in Columbia in 2012, as a C A S B (Postdoctoral Fellow), and Athens in 2013-2014, as an Onassis Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellow. Lydia Matthews is currently a college lecturer at Oriel College, Oxford. She was educated at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa before coming to Brasenose College, Oxford to study for her doctorate in Roman History on Roman ideas of Fortuna. Since then Dr. Matthews has held lectureships at Oxford and the University of Leicester. Joaquín Muñiz Coello is a University Lecturer in Ancient History at Universidad de Huelva. A former Fulbrighter at U C Berkeley (1986-1987) he has extensively published and lectured on Roman taxation and administration, the history, political institutions and law of the Roman Republic, and on the social and political institutions of the Iberian and Celtiberian peoples in Spain. Toni Ñaco del Hoyo is a Research Professor at the Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies ( I C R E A ) , currently based at the Historical Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, but formerly at U A B . A former Fulbrighter ( U C Berkeley, 2004) and a Tytus Visiting Scholar (U. Cincinnati, 2014). Together with another colleague, he organized an I C R E A Conference on warlords and interstate relations (Barcelona 2013) which is currently being edited for publication. He has carried out research on taxation, warfare, disaster management, peace-building and war in the Late Hellenistic East and the Roman Republic.

María José Pena Gimeno is a Professor Emerita in Latin at U A B . She has regularly been a visitor at the research libraries in Paris and Rome, and she has extensively published on classical epigraphy, the interaction between Romans, Italians and Iberians within the context of Roman Spain during the Republican period, and also on religion, myths and cults. D r Pena Gimeno has been a member of a research team working on ancient disasters, focusing on the epigraphical record of Majorca. Jordi Principal is a Classical Archaeologist who works as a Museum Curator and Researcher at Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya (Barcelona). Having spent several years as a postdoctoral and senior researcher at Oxford, Pisa, Rome, Pompeii and Lattes, Dr. Principal is an internationally reputed expert on Roman black-ware pottery, who has extensively published in prestigious academic journals and multiauthored books, as well as several monograph publications of which he is the sole author. He also currently directs and co-directs several archaeological projects in Catalonia. Roger Riera is a P h D student in Ancient History at U A B , currently working on his P h D dissertation which is concerned with Carthaginian interstate relations and warfare. He has carried out research as an academic visitor at Rome's research libraries and at Oxford. He has published several articles in journals and in conference proceedings on the history of warfare, and on Iberian Iron Age archaeology. Mikel Sanz is an independent scholar. Dr. Sanz holds a P h D in Geology and a first degree in L a w . He has published several papers on the water resources of the Banyoles-La Garrotxa lake district (Catalonia, Spain), emergency flooding procedures, and the history of Bajo Aragón. Carlos Varias García is University Lecturer in Greek Philology at U A B . He is primarily renowned as a Mycenaeologist (being the current representative of Spain at the C I P E M ) . He has also worked on Xenophon, however, being in charge of a Spanish translation of Xenophon's Anabasis (Ed. Cátedra, Madrid 1999). Dr Varias, has been Visiting Professor at the University of Salzburg (2001-2002) and research visitor at Austin (1992, 2008, 2015) and Cambridge (1995, 1997, 2007, 2009) among others. He was a member of the research team working on disasters (2011-2013).

T h e sudden impact of disasters, whether or not they are caused by liaUiral or human events, creates a phenomenon that is closely linked to the eternal human state, making them somewhat 'timeless', recurring, a 'new old story'. Although in some cases, these large scale disasters may have led to complete extinction -of a city, a state organization, a civilization-, very often the survivors and political leaders were forced to carry out reconstruction tasks in distinct phases. Thus, strength, experience and prompt response were crucial factors in facing the crises caused by these catastrophes and attempting to solve them. This volume aims to examine precisely this issue.

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