DR. MRIDULA SHARMA
ADD- A/132mahendra
Enclave Ghaziabad u.p.
MOB.NO.-9412528251
[email protected]
WORLD WIDE SOCIO- POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL, RELIGIOUS ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
SUMMARY
Here we are talking about the problems that human race face in present time. It concerns of the ominous circumstances of the current age the threaten not only the well being collective humanity but also, perhaps, the very environmental and ecological systems that support life on earth as we know it today .We'll be showing that there exists on answer and an antidote to the ills of the planet.
So what are these most significant problems of the world ?I find it useful to group these very major issues in to four broad categories .We'll list them here in outline and them elaborate upon them more fully.
The first category relate to the environment and ecological problems of the world. Which includes issues relating to ecological destruction, resource depletion and atmospheric change i.e. Global Warming. I also included in this category the problem of our population which exacerbates these environmental issues though this might equally well be considered as a social and political problem.
The second category relates to the problems in the social ,economic and political spheres of human activity .Including problems relating to the "coming one world order", that is the issues relating to the ongoing integration of all humanity into a single cohesive whole. We live in a world partly characterized and injustice. And a world riddled with division conflict, terrorism and mutual distrust.
Third category concerns the spiritual problems of present times . This relates to the issues surrounding the process of secularization and the reaction of religion in the face of the rise of scientific rationalism, i.e. Its falling away in to secular humanism and degeneration into religious fundamentalism.
The fourth and final category concerns the problems of the age relating to the realm of idea .That is the problems and puzzles which vex scientists, philosopher and theologians .At first it may seem a little incongruous to consider these more academic problems in the same discussion as some of the more apparent issues mentioned earlier i.e. the socio-economic, political and environmental problems of this world .However as we'll later be showing , there is a fundamental relationship between the more abstruct problems in this world in the realm of pure ideas and those that might be considered more concrete .That is we'll be discussing how ideas can and do impact on human affairs in powerful and often determining ways .Towards the latter part of this chapter I show how ideas , and one idea especially , have the power to potential produce a lasting solution to the problems of this world.
The Environmental and Ecological problems of the time:
It is the high time for human beings to take the right action towards saving earth from major environmental issues. If ignored today, these ill effects are sure to curb human existence in the near future. Crucial environment issues are no more a blame game. While most of us crib about dirty air, smelly garbage or polluted water, least do we know it is "us" who is responsible for this unfavorable circumstances leading to cautionary environment issues.
The natural resources of this planet, its forest, fisheries and crop lands are already being used at such a rate that is unsustainable. We are already using planets renewable resources faster than what the planet can replenish. This trend is related to the ongoing and accelerating process of species extinction and destruction of natural habitats such as the tropical rain forest , whole ocean ecosystem , rivers and coastal wetlands .This gradual destruction of the earth's biosphere ,its animal and plant species together with their complex webs of self sustenance , is certainly set to continue as human population growth and increased economic activity impress more pressures on the planetary ecosystem .The world's population at an estimated 7 billion people today ,is projected to grow to over 10 billion people as early as 2050 .This is coupled with massive growth in economic activity lead by the surging economies of china and India and further boosted by economic growth in the rest of the world as well. If the planet is already struggling to cope with the demands placed upon it by the human race currently , when we also factor in these other consideration ,then certainly we are heading for some interesting times.
The United Nations Environment Programme and the World Wildlife Fund for nature issued a joint report in 2000 that said ,"The World's seas, fresh waters ,forests and crop lands are being exploited at such a rate that nothing will b left by 2075."
Also food price hikes that were experienced by the world in 2008 may be the shape of things to come.
GLOBAL WARMING
Global warming is another environmental issues which is increase in earth's temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases called Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor and other gases .These gases passes heat trapping capacity that are needed to create green house effect so that this planet remains warm for people to survive .Without these gases , this planet would turn
During past several decades, the accumulation of green house gases have grown rapidly , which more heat gets trapped in the atmosphere and few of gases escapes back in to the space .These gases heat up the earth's surface this result in global warming .According to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports, the earth' temperature has increased by 0.8 degrees Celsius over the past century . Global warming can have long lasting effects which can result in melting of Glacier, climate change ,droughts , diseases and increase in hurricanes frequency.
WATER SCARCITY
A problem that is related to global warming concerns the availability of water resources to the world's people .It has been estimated by the United Nations that due to population growth ,population and global warming the average persons water supply will be cut by a third over the next 20 years .This would be a major inconvenience in the developed and industrialized countries but in the third world where the 90% of the water supply is used for agriculture the consequences will be disastrous .It has been said by the strategists that in the future wars will be fought over water, this most essential of requirements for sustaining life.
For instance, king Abdullah of Jordon has said, "Future potential conflict in our area is not over land ,it is over water; It is certainty that the problems deriving from water scarcity will increase sharply over the year to come.
PEAK OIL, PEAK GAS AND PEAK URANIUM
A serious problem looming over the horizon is that of fuel shortage due to the peaking in production and subsequent decline in output of three of the world's most important energy sources ,that is oil ,gas and uranium ore .The world's output of all these commodities is described by what's known as the Hubbert Curve, which described now the output of each of these energy resources will peak at a certain point in time but thereafter production of the commodity go in to terminal decline. At the same time the world demand for same commodity, will either grow or remain constant thereby producing a supply shortfall, pushing up prices and producing a state of scarcity for the resource .This can lead to political instability, economic problems and even war when countries use force of arms to try secure their energy supplies.
THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD
This second problem category relating to the coming one world order really concerns all the problems of this world relating to issues of political, economic and social organization and behaviour. This problem category would include problems arising from social divisions, either racial, religious or national etc., but also economic issues to with trade disputes, labour exploitation and wealth or income disparity. General problems are relating to tyranny, oppression, social injustice and unequalit . It is the case that the coming one world order or global village can be accurately described as a social, economic and political entity; naturally therefore it would seem sensible to group these social-economic and political problems of the world under a single category .We'll explore some specific problems which exist in the category.
GLOBAL TERRORISM
Terrorist may also driven by a sense of relative depravation and lack of upward mobility within society. Globalization and the modern media have given the "have notes" an acute awareness of their situation compared to the "haves". This leads to frustration, victimization and humiliation among growing cohorts of urbanized, undereducated and unemployed Muslim youth who are able to make comparisons across countries. Seeing the economic differences between themselves and the western would can infuriate some in underdeveloped countries, increasing tension and hostility. This allows terrorist organizations to gain attention and entry to societies that have felt wronged by these perceived social injustices. Unfortunately the only real way to mitigate this is through economic development of the community country; and region, but that takes time For the forsceable future there will always be those that are disgruntled by the comparison of living standards of the wealthy around the world versus their own, opening the door to frustration and anger.
Thus this driver is remarkable hard to combat as Globalization allows for more mechanisms of comparison between varying global socio- economic levels.
GLOBALIZATION AND PROBLEME OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
A major facet of globalization is the massive increases in international trade that we have witnessed in recent years .This process has been encouraged by institutions such as the World Trade Organization,, boosted by regional trading blocks such as the European union , the North American Free Trade Agreement, the ASEAN(Association of South East Asian Nations) and further facilitated by trade agreements between individual nations .The benefits of international trade are many ,i.e. competition , lower consumer prices, increased consumer choise and the increased availability of goods and services.
There are many other problems relating to the planet wide economic integration, but it is beyond the scope of this article to go in to all of these in any depth .A brief list of those issues might include things like unfair trade practices, tariffs, quotas and government subsidies.
So generally speaking international free trade is a good thing. There are however problems which accompany this increased global flow of goods, services, ideas and people. Even though international trade benefits the vast majority of people in this world overall, there will at the same time be winners and losers . In a globally competitive market place some firms ,those that have the most attractive products and services, that are less appealing to the consumer will see decreases in demand for their output and will be forced to improve, diversify or else go bust .Also the same is true for entire nations .Countries which have established entire industries in for example coal mining , car manufactures or certain types of agricultural produce , may find these sectors of their economies under threat in a world market . Other nations may enjoy competitive advantages in these industries which allow them to produce more efficiently, more cheaply or to a higher standard , thus enabling them to win out in the market place .This competitive pressure is often cited as one of the benefits as firms and corporation focus their efforts on marking their products and services better. The winner of this process is the consumer on a local, national and international level. However there are limits to far individual firms and certain industries of specific nations are able to compete and so inevitably firms will go bankrupt and countries may have entire industrial sectors decimated.This results in painful transitions and people losing their jobs .Sometimes the effects can be sever causing mass unemployment and serious social upheaval.
WORLD WIDE PROBLEMS OF CORRUPTION AND BUREOUCRATIC CORRUPTION:
Political corruption is any transaction between private and public sector actors through which collective goods are illegitimately converted in to regarding payoffs.
Political corruption not only leads to the misallocation of resource, but it also affects the manner in which decisions are made. Political corruption is the manipulation of the political institutions of government and the political system, and it frequently leads to institutional decay. Political corruption is therefore something more than a deviation from formal and written legal norms, from professional codes of ethics and court ruling .Political corruption is when laws and regulations are more or less systematically abused by the rulers, side-stepped ignored , or even tailored to fit their interests. Political corruption is a deviation from the rational legal values and principles of the modern state, and the basic problem is the weak accountability between the governors and the governed. In particular in authoritarian countries, the legal bases against which corrupt practices are usually evaluated and judged , are weak and furthermore subject to downright encroachment by the rulers.
At last we can say that corruption is started from politicians. So if we take this human tendency , extrapolate it to a global scale and take it to its logical conclusion , then it is not unreasonable to conjecture that there are those who , if given the opportunity, would like to rule the world. Also given that the world is gradually becoming one economically and politically integrated unit together with all the ingenious, corrupt and conspiratorial means through which power may be oblained, extended and consolidated; then an evil self serving world tyranny is definitely a distinct possibility.
THE PROBLEM OF THIS WORLD RELATING TO SPRITUALISM AND SECULARIZATION AND THE REACTION OF RELIGION:
In this section we'll talking about religion and spirituality. If we'll have a journey of our past history we'll find that there have always been problems associated with religion. Rationalism over the past few centuries, accompanied by emergence of the modern technological age . Taken together with the coming one world order and the environmental/ ecological problems of this world, then these are circumstances in which the religion of this world find themselves. So we'll be talking about spiritual problems that have arisen from this overall context.
The rise if scientific rationalism and the emergence of the modern technological age have in turn instigated a process that sociologist call secularization. The scientific world view is one devoid of purpose, ultimate meaning and one with no room for traditional ideas about God. When the people of world are faced with the accumulating problems of this planet then surely the need to fill the "God shaped hole" will become more and more apparent.
Taken together these spiritual problems of the present age, the falling away from religion in to Antheism, the emergence of religious fundamentalism and the degeneration of spirituality in to certain aspects of the new age and the world of cults, can be seen as a general decline in world religion .The age of reason and the rise of secular humanism has brought with it an age of spiritual darkness, as characterized by the process of secularization, the rise of religious fundamentalism , cults and frings sets , along with the superficiality , not to mention the crass commercialism of the new age.
THE PROBLEM OF THE WORLD IN THE REALM OF PURE ODAS IN SCIENCE THEOLOGYAND PHILOSOPHY:
In this world we have lots of categories of problems like political, social and economic, environmental and ecological .But what are these problems in the realm of pure ideas. They are comprise the as unanswered questions in science, philosophy and theology and some of them are also the deepest puzzle of time, the mystery of the beginning of the universe and the nature of consciousness and the question of epistemology or what is knowledge .More recent big question in the realm of pure ideas include what is the relationship of mathematics to physical reality, what is the destiny of the universe and the exact workings of the process of evaluation of life.
THE ULTIMATE SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD TODAY:
In this section we'll discuss about some solution of these problems. We'll discuss it step by step..
HOW CAN WE SOLVE THE WORLD'S ENVIRONMRNT PROBLEM?
More and more people are coming to realization that we must consider the long term, what is good for the global community and what is good for the future generation if we want to survive as a species. This will require us to think, plan, sacrifice and change our ways of living. As our theory of conflict and social change points out, we, as humans, socially construct this social world, and it is up to us to socially reconstruct, what we do if we want to survive by solving our environmental problem.
Probably we will eventually need to agree on sons worldwide goals for the planet. We have been moving in this direction by attempting to decrease carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbon emission, we will probably need to make saving our environment one of the main goal of our world community. We will need to agree on one more specific goals such as decreasing carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons; increasing the amount of rainforests ,finding new better and safer ways of storing hazards waste and producing more energy without polluting depleting more ,and and creating more waste.
HOW TO SOLVE THE WORD'S BIGGEST SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL, POLITICAL PROBLEMS:
The world is facing some serious social , economic and political problems we all agree that we need to take urgent action to solve these problems .Most of us will naturally assume that it is the job of our elected politicians and governments to solve such complex and global problems. Surely the task is too large and too difficult for anybody other than government to undertake? unfortunately the recent track record of government –led –initiatives should not fill us with confidence.
All problems are related to us .We are main source to develop these problems so we are only can prevent these problems .Problems like globalize terrorism, economic crises and corruption in our society , are generated by us .The route and cause of these problems are ,illiteracy , poverty, differences between developed and developing countries .We should try to do some more effective work on social problems, like, gender difference, corruption, woman exploitation, terrorism, religious differences. We should provide education, employment, revolution and best policies to our next generation.
Education plays an important role, teaching ethics and morals to younger generation is vital. People must be educated about the power of voting, choosing leaders with good credentials .NGO's must come forward to educate people about voting Transparency towards the public ," power of decision" towards the public , the majority of the people. This would be a good start to fight corruption and "direct democracy" a good choice to get it going.
A NEW FACE OF SPIRITUALISM AND SECURALISM:
Every person has his own believe about religion and life. We have some rules and paths to follow. Here we are saying when there is freedom of spiritual expression, all individuals benefit from having the right to explore spirituality by the avenue they wish even if it may be different from what others choose(or if they choose to abstain from spirituality completely.)Freedom is the common ground-the common right –that benefits everyone. In a society where this freedom exists. Spiritual expression and consciousness can awaken.
People can defend freedom without endorsing what others choose to do with it, by understanding the common interest in serves. Everyone who values spirituality has a stake in freedom .If we cannot find that common ground , and respect each other's differences, then we are easy to divide and conquer .So the solution of this problem we can explain is this that we should follow and obey the feelings and rules of all religions.
FINAL THOUGHTS ABOUT SOCIAL- GEOGRAPHICAL ISSUES:
The solution of the problem is to be found in the problem itself, such as I have just given in a short exposition .The greatest socio-geographical evil of today consists in the ever more complete divorce of the two factors in illiteracy and poverty. Our government is conducting so many policies to prevent these curse but we need proper result .Many NGO's and private organizations are doing work in many fields to solute our global issues. But where is result? We can see so much illiterate, unemployed, people around us .So we need to tackle it together and potentially cataclysmic environmental and ecological problems that we have in world today.
