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Descripción
10/4/2015
Design for climate and environmental control
15CEM08C Building services
Introduction
Introduction Ice breaking
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Dr. Marwa Dabaieh, PhD Lecturer Department of Architecture @Marwa Dabaieh
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Lecture objective
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Week 1 2 3 4
Introduction to what is design for climate concepts and what is meant by environmental control.
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Lecture Introduction: design for climate and environmental control Reading and analysing climatic data and measures for climate engineering
Fundamentals of building physics
Passive design: building orientation and forms, thermal zoning and building envelop, passive heating and cooling
Design for shading and smart facade systems
Thermal comfort assessment, natural ventilation and indoor air quality and post-occupancy evaluation
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Daylighting design fundamentals
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Acoustics design fundamentals
Hybrid and active renewable energy systems – final submission of individual assignment Urban micro-climate and the effect on building energy performance
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© Marwa Dabaieh
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Building rating systems
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Revision week
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Tutorial Introduction to Climate Consultant tool.
Exercise using Climate Consultant tool.
Calculation exercise for U value, R value, thermal conductivity. Introduction to passive assistant software.
Exercise using passive assistant software.
ASHREA satisfaction survey exercise and post occupancy evaluation. Follow up for the individual assignment.
VELUX software exercise. Follow up for the individual assignment.
HEED software exercise.
Exercise on outdoor thermal comfort.
Exercise on rating systems in MENA region.
Submission©and Presentation of Group Research Marwa Dabaieh
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Today’s Agenda Introduction to sustainable development, climate change and the move towards sustainable construction in Egypt.
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09:15 - 10:00 - Introduction to the course. -Introduction to sustainable development, climate change and the move towards sustainable construction in Egypt. 10:00-10:15 - Break 10:15- 11:00 - Introduction to climatic design and environmental control
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Benefits of sustainable construction
Source: www.schoolsagainstwaste.co.uk © Marwa Dabaieh
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Environmental benefits : (1)
(1) Environmental benefits :
(2) Economic benefits : (2)
• enhancement and protection of ecosystems and biodiversity; • improvement of air and water quality; • reduction of solid waste; • conservation of natural resources; • environmental optimization of buildings over their life span, from design to demolition;
• reduction of operational costs; • enhancement of asset value and profits; • improvement of employees’ productivity and inhabitants’ satisfaction; • optimization of the life-cycle economic performance
(2) economic benefits : (3) Health and community benefits : (3) health and community benefits :
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Climate Change
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(1) environmental benefits : (2) economic benefits :
(3) Health and community benefits : Based on the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and hundreds of references quoted in the 2009 Report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED), we can firmly state that the Arab countries are in many ways among the most vulnerable in the world to the potential impacts of climate change, the most significant of which are increased average temperatures, less and more unpredictable rainfall, and sea level rise (SLR), in a region which already suffers from aridity, recurrent drought and water scarcity. © Marwa Dabaieh
• improvement of air, thermal and acoustic environment; • enhancement of occupants’ comfort and health; • minimization of damage on the local infrastructure; • contribution to the overall quality of life.
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Water resources Regardless of climate change, they already are declining
Critical situation of water scarcity in the Arab world will reach severe levels by 2025.
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Human health Would be adversely affected by higher temperatures
Facts The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that 20 to 30% of species will be made extinct if the temperature increases by more than 1°C, which is already virtually unavoidable.
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Sea level rise (SLR) Is likewise a big risk, to the Arab region
Infectious diseases like malaria will increase, mainly in Egypt, Morocco and Sudan. Malaria already infects 3 million people annually in the Arab region, will become more prevalent and enter new territories as higher temp.
A sea level rise of only 1 meter would directly impact 41,500 km2 of the Arab coastal lands. The most serious impacts of sea level rise would be in Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the UAE.
Higher CO2 concentrations and more frequent sand storms in desert areas will increase allergic reactions and pulmonary diseases all over the region.
MOSTAFA K. TOLBA AND NAJIB W. SAAB, Impact of Climate Change on Arab Countries Main Findings and Conclusions. Arab environment and climate change. 2009 Report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED) © Marwa Dabaieh
MOSTAFA K. TOLBA AND NAJIB W. SAAB, Impact of Climate Change on Arab Countries Main Findings and Conclusions. Arab environment and climate change. 2009 Report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED) © Marwa Dabaieh
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Tourism An important sector of the economy for a number of Arab countries An increase of between 1-4°C in average temperature will cause a drastic decline in the index of tourism comfort all over the region. Areas classified between “good” and “excellent” are likely to become “marginal to “unfavorable” by the year 2080, mainly because of hotter summers, extreme weather events, water scarcity and ecosystems degradation.
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Biodiversity A 2°C rise in temperature will make extinct up to 40% of all the species in the Arab world. The Arab countries have many unique formations that are especially vulnerable to climate change risk, such as the cedar forests in Lebanon and Syria, the mangroves in Qatar, the reed marshes of Iraq, the high mountain ranges of Yemen and Oman, and the coastal mountain ranges of the Red Sea.
© Marwa Dabaieh
Food production Would face an increased threat, affecting basic human needs.
Harsher and expanding aridity and changes in the spans of seasons may cut agricultural yields in half if no alternative measures are applied.
Higher temperatures, lower rainfall and alteration in the span of seasons will require developing new varieties that can adapt to the emerging conditions.
© Marwa Dabaieh
Biodiversity in the Arab countries, already deteriorating, will be further damaged by intensifying climate change. A 2°C rise in temperature will make extinct up to 40% of all the species. The Arab countries have many unique formations that are especially vulnerable to climate change risk, such as the cedar forests in Lebanon and Syria, the mangroves in Qatar, the reed marshes of Iraq, the high mountain ranges of Yemen and Oman, and the coastal mountain ranges of the Red Sea. © Marwa Dabaieh
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GHG emissions
Land use and urban planning
In the Middle East, this variation is also evident. Qatar for example leads the region -and the world- with 55.4 tons of CO2e per person per year compared to a world’s average per capita emissions of just above 5 tons. Morocco on the other hand emits a mere 1.5 tons CO2e per capita in the same period.
Regulations in the Arab region largely ignore basic adaptation requirements to climate change. It is estimated that 75% of buildings and infrastructure in the region are at direct risk of climate change impacts, mainly from sea level rise, higher intensity and frequency of hot days and storm surges. Artificial islands will be among the first to be swallowed by the rising sea level due to their small size and low elevation. MOSTAFA K. TOLBA AND NAJIB W. SAAB, Impact of Climate Change on Arab Countries Main Findings and Conclusions. Arab environment and climate change. 2009 Report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED)
© Marwa Dabaieh
© Marwa Dabaieh
Source: www.carboun.com/category/climate-change/
Carbon emissions
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© Marwa Dabaieh
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The Arab World's Opinion on Climate Change
Greenhouse gas emissions in the Arab world, found to contribute merely 5 % to the global emissions. However, the impact of climate change on the fragile environment of the region and its people is expected to be immense, which demands urgent planning for adaptation measures.
Source: www.carboun.com/category/climate-change/ Source: AFED Arab Environment Climate Change Report. © Marwa Dabaieh © Marwa Dabaieh
Source: AFED Arab Environment Climate Change Report.
Source: AFED Arab Environment Climate Change Report.
© Marwa Dabaieh
© Marwa Dabaieh
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Source: AFED Arab Environment Climate Change Report.
Source: AFED Arab Environment Climate Change Report. © Marwa Dabaieh
© Marwa Dabaieh
High economic standard versus increase in energy consumption and increase in carbon emission
That only happened in our Arab region
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© Marwa Dabaieh
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Energy used per capita in residential buildings in 2009 (Kilogram of oil equivalent)
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© Marwa Dabaieh
Conclusion Climate is actually changing and it is now a globally accepted fact; even the few opponents who still deny that it is man-made agree that it is happening. Action is needed????? Can sustainable building and construction be achieved without burning more fossil fuel or consuming more of our resources?
© Marwa Dabaieh
© Marwa Dabaieh
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Design for climate and environmental control
15CEM08C Building services
Break
Climate control
1
Dr. Marwa Dabaieh, PhD Lecturer Department of Architecture @Marwa Dabaieh
©Copyright All rights reserved
© Marwa Dabaieh
Design for Climate
Arid provinces a. The northern section with winter rainfall which extends along the Mediterranean coast and the Gulf of Suez. The coastal belt province under the maritime influence of the Mediterranean, with shorter dry period and a more inland province with a longer dry period and an annual rainfall of 20-100 mm. Both provinces are characterized by a mild winter and a hot summer.
b. A southern section with winter rainfall which includes one province – Gebel Elba area of the Red Sea coast of Egypt. Source: Attia , Shady ,Landscape Architecture for Micro-Climate Improvement and Energy Conservation in Egypt. Design Principles and Guidelines Applied for the American University in Cairo.
© Marwa Dabaieh
Main source :Satellite image for Egypt, Feb. 2000 (www.gesource.ac.uk).
Generally Egypt is an arid country. A classification of Egypt climatic provinces was made by the Egyptian Organization for energy planning (EOEP, 1998). Based on the data collected from 45 weather station all over Egypt, Egypt’s weather map is classified into 6 climatic zones.
Source: Attia , Shady ,Landscape Architecture for Micro-Climate Improvement and Energy Conservation in Egypt. Design Principles and Guidelines Applied for the American University in Cairo.
© Marwa Dabaieh
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Hot humid Source: Satellite picture for a sand storm over Egypt (www.gesource.ac.uk).
El-Khamassin winds blows occasionally for about 50 days during spring summer where the visibility reached 3 meters. Source: Attia , Shady ,Landscape Architecture for Micro-Climate Improvement and Energy Conservation in Egypt. Design Principles and Guidelines Applied for the American University in Cairo.
© Marwa Dabaieh
© Marwa Dabaieh
psychrometric chart
Hot mild
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© Marwa Dabaieh
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Hot dry
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© Marwa Dabaieh
Lecture summary We introduced concepts of design for climate. - We discussed the challenges within built environment with focus on energy issues. - We analyzed the Egyptian climate and we managed to read what is a psychrometric chart.
© Marwa Dabaieh
© Marwa Dabaieh
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Next lecture
Thanks and we meet next week
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We will learn how to read climatic data and what is meant by climate engineering.
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