Shadow City - A Introduction by Paras Gulia

MUMBAI
With approximately 9.6 million people living in slums in the city, it is expected that a majority of Mumbai's open spaces has been encroached upon.
Around 18% of land reserved for open spaces is encroached and another 10% of natural assets such as hills, forests, mangroves have slums.



Shanty Home

Total area of Greater Mumbai " 482 sq km
Total slum area " 42.30 sq km (Approx 9%)
Mumbai's population " 12.4 million (2011 census)
Slum-dweller population (Provisional) " 9.6 million (78% of city)



SUPER SPRAWLS
Dharavi has lost its status as Asia's largest slum. It's now rivalled and dwarfed by four slum clusters in Mumbai itself

ISLAND CITY SPARED
There are very few clusters left in the island city: Dharavi, Antop Hill, Geeta Nagar, Ambedkar Nagar, Worli village

NO RESERVATIONS
55% of the slums are on land reserved for housing " Contrary to popular perception, only 27% of the slum pockets have come up on open spaces or land reserved as natural reserves


In 1991, there were only 23.3 lakh (24.5%) slumdwellers in the city " In 2011, an estimated 78% of the city's population lives in slums " Population density in the suburbs is highest in state: 20,925 persons per sq km

SHADOW CITY
Shadow City

an area of a city that a very large number of people who have travelled there to work are living , and the places that they live in, which are not usually houses but temporary structures made of wood, cloth, plastic, etc.

"Thousands of displaced people flooded in from the rural areas, forming a shadow city that stretched along the river."


"A city, municipality or other jurisdictional area that is overshadowed, and thus overpowered by a larger city that is global in nature and possesses more resources such as expertise, enterprise, money, and national government investment."
— Marsha Martin (2011),
Get Screened Oakland, an initiative of the Office of the Mayor of Oakland


Faced with challenges and crises similar to its neighboring communities, the Shadow City does not have the same level of infrastructure to respond. Very often the Shadow City lacks the resources of its neighbor such as wealth, commercial enterprise or the intellectual and/or human capital to respond as effectively to various issues including public health crises.
This creates a problem for individuals, neighborhoods and agencies residing in Shadow Cities, as they are not given the systemic resources, visibility or community resources to address their dire health needs.

To determine if you live in a Shadow City, ask yourself:
‰‰ Community's epidemic not recognized due to:
Having a neighboring more well-known community, city or province?
Gender issues? (Having a population where women are disproportionately affected?)
Economic issues? (Having a population where people living below the poverty line are disproportionately affected?)
Race or ethnicity? (Having a population where people of color are disproportionately affected?)
‰‰ Does your city get its fair share of attention from the media?
‰‰ Does your city get its fair share of resources from funders?
‰‰ Does your city get its fair share of support from academic institutions and researchers?

Key issue in the growth in the next 35 years: squatters, slums, shanty towns

Today – 1 in 6 billion live in slums.
In 2030 – 2 of 7 billion will live in slums.
By 2050 – 3 of 9 billion will live in slums.

It is obvious that this should be a major focus for the authorities involved. Most of the efforts proved ineffective at early stages but now development policies showed up and are making a big change for the shadow cities.

Slum demolition at Sanjay Gandhi National Park , Govandi, Mumbai


Slum demolition at Sanjay Gandhi National Park , Govandi, Mumbai

SHADOW
CITY
Global Cities themselves serve as the foundation, the long-term success is rooted in a Global Slums strategy.

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