RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE POTENTIALS AND CONSTRAINTS OF NIGERIA: AN APPRAISAL.

Sources Cont'd
Solar:

Obtained from Sun

The average amount of sunshine hours all over the country is estimated to be about 6.5 h.

Average annual solar energy intensity of 1,934.5 kW h/m2 /year; In a year, an average of 6,372,613 PJ/year (approximately 1,770 TW h/year) of solar energy falls on the entire land area of Nigeria.

Wind Energy
Wind Energy



Energy Law Contracts and Negotiation II
CEL 721

Group 3

Adesuwa Omozusi


Enyinnaya Uwadi


Rufus Edoja


Obafemi Oluwayemi


Lecturer:
Balikisu Saidu Ph.D.



RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE POTENTIALS AND CONSTRAINTS OF NIGERIA:
AN APPRAISAL.
Background of Study

There is huge gap between energy demand and energy supply in Nigeria creating an uncommon level of energy deficiencies. This supply-demand imbalance creates a strong economic factor for renewable energy development projects in Nigeria notwithstanding the high cost associated with many renewable energy projects.

INTRODUCTION

Energy plays a vital role in our society, underpinning all areas of economic, environmental, and national activity.
INTRO CONT'D

What is Renewable Energy (RE)?
Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible, unlimited and rapidly replenished or naturally renewable such as wind, water, sun, wave, refuse, biofuels etc.
(Etiosa Uyigue, 2007)

Renewable energy is that which is replaced naturally or controlled carefully and can therefore be used without the risk of finishing it all.

Major Sources of RE




Solar Cont'd

This is about 120,000times the total annual average electrical energy generated by the PHCN (Chineke TC, Igwiro EC, 2008)

Technical potential of solar energy in Nigeria with 5% device conversion efficiency is 15.0 × 1014 kJ of useful energy annually.

Equates to about 258.62 million barrels of oil equivalent annually
(Onyebuchi EI, 1989)


Hydro Energy
Hydro Energy
Recommendations Cont'd

Cultivate collaboration between renewable energy developers and policymakers: Policymakers and renewable-energy developers need to work closely together to develop best practice options for services in rural areas—particularly for education, health centres and water provision.

Educate on energy use and efficiency: Energy use, particularly energy efficiency and renewable energy, needs to be a core part of the education system as swiftly as feasible, with a view to changing public behaviour and expanding participation in a growing renewable-energy sector.
Recommendations Cont'd

Sufficient and affordable capital financing: Low-interest capital financing for renewable energy needs to be systematically expanded, with increases in available capital matching growth in the industry

Improve public understanding of renewable energy: Renewable-industry actors and government need to make a significant investment in public education that will improve consumer and policy choices and overcome existing prejudices against the industry
Recommendations / Conclusion
Develop integrated renewable energy planning and investment: The federal government needs to reinforce its existing initiatives by developing both an integrated renewable-energy plan and a systematic major increase in investment in research, market development and regulation of renewable energy.

Provide incentives for renewable energy uptake: Government should also consider incentives, probably through a feed-in tariff, for at least one major pilot of solar thermal power generation in northern Nigeria.




Constraints of RE in Nigeria
High initial investment cost
Lack of clear, inconsistent National policies and priorities
Long construction and installation period
Lack of adequate awareness on RE technologies
Lack of access to affordable finance
Dependence on nature which is susceptible to climate change
High cost of operation and maintenance
Inadequate availability of local expertise
Prospects of RE in Nigeria
Features of RE

Free
Environmental Friendly
Infinite
Low maintenance cost
Suitable for rural areas
Hydropower is the renewable energy contained in flowing water. Electricity generated using hydropower is known as hydroelectricity and is generally considered to be reliable.

It supplies about 40% of the total electric power in Nigeria.
Its primary source is large rivers such as Niger and Benue and their several tributaries and natural falls possessing high hydropower potentials for the country.
Nigeria has exploited its hydro energy sector, e.g. the kanji dam. Awogbemi, O. and Komolafe, C.A. (2011)
Hydro Energy Cont'd
Prospects Cont'd
Boost the economic development of Nigeria
Ensure Energy Security in Nigeria.
Renewable Energy will, to a large extent free up the Petroleum and Gas Industry and therefore enables the country to generate significant new export revenues.
Diversification of the economy
A good source of energy for many micro, small and medium scale enterprises
Guarantee sustainable development


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