RELIGIONS I DRETS HUMANS CAP A UNA CULTURA DE LA CONVIVÈNCIA - Des d\'una perspectiva filosòfica: sobre la fonamentació dels drets humans

June 9, 2017 | Autor: Josep Maria Esquirol | Categoría: Human Rights, Religion and Politics, Generalitat de Catalunya
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MATERIALS DE PAU I DRETS HUMANS, 20

RELIGIONS I DRETS HUMANS CAP A UNA CULTURA DE LA CONVIVÈNCIA IDHC (ed.)

 

 

 

 

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