2QTWPRCKUCLGPCEKQPCN NCOQPVCÍCEQOQKOCIGPFG%JKNGGPNCRKPVWTC FGNUKINQ:+: Catalina Valdés£
4GUWOGP 'NRCKUCLGPCEKQPCNFG%JKNGGUGNTGUWNVCFQFGWPGLGTEKEKQFGOGVQPKOKC[TGEQORQUKEKÏP IGQIT½ƂECRQTOGFKQFGNEWCNNCKOCIGPFGNCEQTFKNNGTCFG.QU#PFGUKPFKECCNIQO½USWG WPCGNGXCEKÏPGPNCVQRQITCHÉCFGWPNWICT.CURKPVWTCUFGRCKUCLGRWGFGPUGTGUVWFKCFC EQPGNOKUOQOCTEQFGTGEGREKÏPFGOCRCUOKNKVCTGUCVNCUFGUETKRVKXQU[NKDTQUKNWUVTCFQU #NOKUOQVKGORQGNNCUHWPEKQPCPEQOQWPCKOCIGPUKPVÅVKECFGGUVGOKUOQRTQEGUQGP VCPVQGUGNUKIPQSWGFCEWGPVCUKOWNV½PGCOGPVGFGNCTGNCEKÏPFGNKPFKXKFWQ[FGNQUQEKCNEQPNCPCVWTCNG\CGPGUVGECUQNCTGNCEKÏPSWGCTVKUVCU[ETÉVKEQUFGCTVGEQOQUWLGVQU UGPUKDNGU[EQOQCIGPVGUJKUVÏTKEQUFGWPCKFGPVKFCFPCEKQPCNGUVCDNGEGPEQPNCEQTFKNNGTC de Los Andes. 2CNCDTCUENCXGU 2CKUCLGPCVWTCNG\CKFGPVKFCFPCEKQPCN
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eywords: landscape, nature, national identity.
&QEVQTCPFCFG*KUVQTKCFGN#TVG¥EQNGFGU*CWVGU¥VWFGUGP5EKGPEGU5QEKCNGUFG2CTÉU (TCPEKC [7PKXGTUKFCF0CEKQPCNFG5CP/CTVÉP #TIGPVKPC E-mail:
[email protected]
109
Catalina Valdés
.COQPVCÍCUKGORTGGUVWXQCJÉ!.CRTGIWPVCPQUGRNCPVGCGPVÅTOKPQUIGQNÏIKEQUUKPQ TGVÏTKEQURWGUFGNQSWGUGQEWRCPNCUUKIWKGPVGUR½IKPCUGUFGTGƃGZKQPCTGPVQTPQCNCU TGRTGUGPVCEKQPGUFGNCOQPVCÍCGPNCRKPVWTCFGRCKUCLGFGNUKINQ:+:GP%JKNG 'PUGKPCWIWTCWPCUGTKGFGQDTCUFGOQFGTPK\CEKÏPGPNCEKWFCFFG5CPVKCIQEQPWP ITCPGXGPVQ NCRTKOGTC'ZRQUKEKÏPPCEKQPCNFGCTVGUGKPFWUVTKCU'UVCHWGNCQRQTVWPKFCF RCTCSWGXCTKQUCTVKUVCUPCEKQPCNGU[GZVTCPLGTQUGZRWUKGTCPUWUQDTCUFGUVCE½PFQUGNCU RKPVWTCUFGRCKUCLGRQTUWECPVKFCF[RQTGNKPVGTÅUSWGECWUCTQPGPGNRÖDNKEQ.CTGEGREKÏP ETÉVKEC FG GUVC GZJKDKEKÏP RWDNKECFC GP RTGPUC [ TGXKUVCU [ GURGEKCNOGPVG NQU EQOGPVCTKQUSWGUWUEKVCTQPNQUEWCFTQUFGNRCKUCLKUVCEJKNGPQ#PVQPKQ5OKVJFG+TKUCTTK CRQTVCPFGPUKFCFCNCKFGCFGWPpRCKUCLGPCEKQPCNqGPGUVGOQOGPVQVGORTCPQ FGNCEQPUVTWEEKÏPFGWPKOCIKPCTKQs[FGWPUGPVKFQEQOÖP2. Por medio de la lectura de GUVCUHWGPVGU[UWRWGUVCGPTGNCEKÏPEQPNCUKFGCU[EQPVGZVQFGNCÅRQECGNCTVÉEWNQDWUEC TGEQORQPGTNCFKOGPUKÏPJKUVÏTKECFGGUVCKFGCFGRCKUCLGPCEKQPCN WPCKFGCSWGFGVCP TGKVGTCFCRCUÏT½RKFCOGPVGCUGTRGTEKDKFCEQOQWPCpUGIWPFCPCVWTCNG\Cq3. #OQFQFGKPVTQFWEEKÏPUGRTQRQPGTGƃGZKQPCTGPVQTPQCNNWICTFGNC%QTFKNNGTCFGNQU #PFGUGPGNCTVGEJKNGPQ'UVCTGƃGZKÏPUWOCGUNCDQPGUCNCIGPGCNQIÉCFGWPCKOCIGP CTVÉUVKECFGNCEQTFKNNGTCSWGUGKPUVCNCGPGNUKINQ:+:[SWGRGTUKUVGCWPJQ[45GRTQUKIWG TGXKUCPFQNQUCNECPEGUKFGQNÏIKEQUIGQRQNÉVKEQUGJKUVQTKQIT½ƂEQUSWGJCVGPKFQNCTGRTGUGPVCEKÏP FG NC PCVWTCNG\C GP NQU RTQITCOCU CTVÉUVKEQU SWG HWGTQP RWGUVQU GP OCTEJC C OGFKCFQUFGNUKINQ:+:[SWGEQPUVKVW[GPNCXGTUKÏPNQECNFGNQURTQEGUQUFGEQPHQTOCEKÏP XKUWCNFGKFGPVKFCFGUPCEKQPCNGUOQFGTPCU'UVGRTQEGUQCXCP\CHWPFCFQGPNCFQDNGCPCNQIÉCPCEKÏPVGTTKVQTKQVGTTKVQTKQRCKUCLGWPXÉPEWNQFGEQPVKPWKFCFRCTCNCUQRGTCEKQPGU CFOKPKUVTCVKXCU[UKODÏNKECUSWGEQPFWEGPCNCHQTOCEKÏPFGN'UVCFQPCEKÏP5GCPCNK\CGN ECUQGURGEÉƂEQFGNCTGEGREKÏPSWGGNRKPVQT#PVQPKQ5OKVJUWUEKVÏEQPUWURCKUCLGUGPNC 'ZRQUKEKÏPFG.QUETÉVKEQUFGCTVGsRKQPGTQUGPNCJKUVQTKCEWNVWTCNEJKNGPCTGEQPQcen, reclaman e impulsan a la Cordillera de los Andes como referente para la pintura de RCKUCLGNQECN3WÅTGRTGUGPVCNCPCVWTCNG\CNCOQPVCÍCRCTCECFCWPCFGGUVCUXQEGUETÉVKECU!%W½NGUUQPNQUOQFGNQUEWNVWTCNGUSWGGUV½PVQOCPFQGPEWGPVC!3WÅXKGTQPGPNC RKPVWTCFGRCKUCLG[SWÅGURGTCDCPXGT!.CTGXKUKÏPFGGUVCURTGIWPVCUCURKTCCEQPVTKDWKT GPVQPEGUCNCJKUVQTK\CEKÏPFGNCKFGCFGRCKUCLGPCEKQPCN[CXGTRQTOGFKQFGUWUTGRTGUGPVCEKQPGUCNC%QTFKNNGTCFGNQU#PFGUEQOQWPCGPVKFCFTGVÏTKEC[UQDTGVQFQJKUVÏTKEC
'NRCKUCLGEQOQEWGTRQEQTTGEEKQPCN5 'PGNCTVKUVCEJKNGPQ%CTNQU.GRRG RTGUGPVCDCUWp2TQ[GEVQFGFGUVTWEEKÏPFG 'NKPVGNGEVWCNDTKV½PKEQ4C[OQPF9KNNKCOUVTCPUHQTOÏNCGZRTGUKÏPpNWICTEQOÖPqGPWPEQPEGRVQRTQFWEVKXQFGNSWGUGXCNGRCTCFGUKIPCTCNECORQ FGCEEKÏPOCVGTKCN[UKODÏNKEQFGNCJGIGOQPÉC'NDQTTCOKGPVQFGNCJWGNNCJKUVÏTKEC[OCVGTKCNRTQRKQFGNCUQRGTCEKQPGUJGIGOÏPKECUEQPFWEGCNC RGTEGREKÏPFGNRCKUCLGEQOQCNIQPCVWTCNOGPVGRTQRKQSWGUKGORTGJCGUVCFQ[UKGORTGGUVCT½CJÉ5KDKGPGUVCUUQPKFGCUSWGGNCWVQTVTCDCLCGPGN EQPLWPVQFGUWQDTCNQUNKDTQUFGOC[QTRGTVKPGPEKCRCTCGUVGECUQUQP'NECORQ[NCEKWFCF $WGPQU#KTGU 2CKFÏU=? [2CNCDTCUENCXG7P XQECDWNCTKQFGNCEWNVWTC[NCUQEKGFCF $WGPQU#KTGU 0WGXC8KUKÏP=? 'NUQEKÏNQIQCNGO½P)GQTI5KOOGN UGXCNKÏFGNVÅTOKPQpUGIWPFCPCVWTCNG\CqRCTCECTCEVGTK\CTGNGHGEVQSWGVKGPGNCEWNVWTC GNNGPIWCLGNQU J½DKVQUNCUTGRTGUGPVCEKQPGUGVE UQDTGGNKPFKXKFWQ'UVCUGKORQPGCNUWLGVQFGWPOQFQQOPKRTGUGPVGUKPƂUWTCU[GNKOKPCPFQUWRTQRKCEQPFKEKÏP FGEQPUVTWEVQ[FGRTQEGUQJKUVÏTKEQUGRTGUGPVCEQOQUKpUKGORTGJWDKGTCGUVCFQCJÉq 2CTCGUVCIGPGCNQIÉCFGNCKOCIGPFGNCOQPVCÍCGPGNCTVG[NCEWNVWTCXKUWCNGP%JKNGXGTVCODKÅPNQUVTCDCLQUFG#NGLCPFTC8GIC [2CWNKPC #JWOCFC %WGTRQEQTTGEEKQPCNGUGNVÉVWNQFGNNKDTQSWGNCVGÏTKECFGNCTVG0GNN[4KEJCTFRWDNKEÏGPVQTPQCNCQDTCFG%CTNQU.GRRGGP%QPWPVÉVWNQCÖP O½UUKIPKƂECVKXQRCTCGNVGOCSWGPQUQEWRCNCQDTCSWGUKIWGCGUCRWDNKECEKÏPGUUWEQPQEKFQNKDTQ/CTIKPUCPF+PUVKVWVKQPU#TVKP%JKNGUKPEG publicado en 1986.
110
Por un paisaje nacional
NC%QTFKNNGTCFGNQU#PFGUqGPGN%#;%FG$WGPQU#KTGU (KIWTC0 1PEGCÍQUFGURWÅU FGN)QNRGFG'UVCFQ[CWPGPRNGPCFKEVCFWTCNCKPUVCNCEKÏPSWGEQPOGFKQURTGECTKQU ECUKKPHCPVKNGURNCPKƂECDCFKPCOKVCTNCKPOGPUCOQPVCÍCEQDTCDCKPGXKVCDNGOGPVGGNUGPVKFQRQNÉVKEQFGFGOQNGTNQUOWTQUFGNRCÉUSWGNCXKQNGPEKCEÉXKEQOKNKVCTOCPVGPÉCUGEWGUVTCFQ%CUKVTGKPVCCÍQUJCPRCUCFQ[NCQDTCCNECP\CJQ[WPCOC[QTFGPUKFCFJKUVÏTKEC RWGUVQ SWG UG KPUETKDG EQOQ WP CPVKRCKUCLG GP NC VTCFKEKÏP RKEVÏTKEC EJKNGPC FQPFG NC Cordillera de los Andes ocupa un lugar tutelar6. Figura Nº 1 %CTNQU.GRRG2TQ[GEVQFGFGUVTWEEKÏPFGNC%QTFKNNGTCFGNQU#PFGU Instalación en el CAYC de Buenos Aires
(WGPVG JVVR YYYRQTVCNFGCTVGEN
.CFKPCOKVCRTGVGPFÉCCECDCTEQPGUGCEEKFGPVGIGQIT½ƂEQSWGUGKORQPÉCCNRCÉUEQOQ HTQPVGTC 0Q GU ECUWCNKFCF SWG .GRRG JC[C OQPVCFQ UW QDTC GP #TIGPVKPC GN RCÉU SWG SWGFCpCNQVTQNCFQqFGNCOQPVCÍC[SWGRQTUWWDKECEKÏPIGQIT½ƂECRCTGEGCDTKTUGCN #VN½PVKEQEQPGEV½PFQUGEQPGNNQCNOWPFQ'UKORQTVCPVGTGEQTFCTCFGO½USWGGP #TIGPVKPC[CUGJCDÉCNKDTCFQFGUWRTQRKCFKEVCFWTC[SWGPQJCDÉCVTCPUEWTTKFQO½USWG WPCÍQFGUFGGNEQPƃKEVQHTQPVGTK\QSWGGUVWXQCRWPVQFGEWNOKPCTGPIWGTTCEQP%JKNG 5QPXCTKCUNCUQDTCUFGNCFÅECFCFGSWGUGXCNGPFGNC%QTFKNNGTCFGNQU#PFGUEQOQOGV½HQTCFG%JKNG[FGUWEQPƂPCOKGPVQRQNÉVKEQIGQIT½ƂEQ[EWNVWTCN /CEEJKCXGNNQ
111
Catalina Valdés
%QPGUVCQDTC.GRRGECTICDCGPEQPVTCFGVQFCWPCEWNVWTCXKUWCNSWGDTKPFCDCUWUVGPVQ CWPKOCIKPCTKQPCEKQPCNNKICFQECUKGZENWUKXCOGPVGCNCUECTCEVGTÉUVKECUFGUWVGTTKVQTKQ5K EKGTVCUQDTCUFGNUKINQ:+:JCDÉCPUKFQCUKOKNCFCUCWPCKOCIGPQƂEKCNFGNRCÉUUKTXKGPFQ EQOQJGTTCOKGPVCFGEQPUVTWEEKÏPFGKFGPVKFCFGUJGIGOÏPKECU.GRRGTGXKGTVGGUGRQFGT IGPGTCPFQWPCQDTCFGFGUVTWEEKÏPFGFKEJCUKFGPVKFCFGU%QPWPCGUVÅVKECRQUGÉFCRQT NCENCWUVTQHQDKCGNIGUVQFG.GRRGDWUEÏSWGDTCTCNOKUOQVKGORQEQPNQUNÉOKVGUFGNC VTCFKEKÏPCTVÉUVKEC[EQPNQUFGNCPCEKÏP+PUVCNCFQGPGUVCFQDNGVTKPEJGTCGNRTGUGPVGGPUC[QCUWOGNCQDTCFG.GRRGEQOQGNRWPVQFGRCTVKFCRCTCWPCTGƃGZKÏPJKUVQTKQIT½ƂEC GPVQTPQCNCUPQEKQPGUFGHTQPVGTC[VTCFKEKÏPRKEVÏTKEC%QPGNNQUGCURKTCCEQORTGPFGT GNOQOGPVQGPSWGNC%QTFKNNGTCFGNQU#PFGURCUÏCFGVGTOKPCTUGEQOQGNEWGTRQEQTTGEEKQPCNFG%JKNG
%WNVWTCIGQRQNÉVKEC[IGQITCHÉCKOCIKPCTKC +POGFKCVCOGPVG FGURWÅU FG JCDGT NQITCFQ NC KPFGRGPFGPEKC FG UWU TGURGEVKXCU OGVTÏRQNKUNCUPCEKQPGUCOGTKECPCUUGGODCTECTQPGPGNRTQEGUQFGVTC\CFQFGUWUHTQPVGTCU 'PGUVCGORTGUCKPVGTXKPKGTQPNQUCPVGEGFGPVGUJKUVÏTKEQU GPDWGPCRCTVGFGNQUECUQUUG CRNKEÏNCFQEVTKPCEQPQEKFCEQOQ7VKU2QUUKFGVKURQTOGFKQFGNCEWCNNQUNÉOKVGUPCEKQPCNGU UGFGVGTOKPCDCPUKIWKGPFQNCUNÉPGCUVTC\CFCUDCLQNCCFOKPKUVTCEKÏPXKTTGKPCN RGTQT½RKFCOGPVGEQOGP\CTQPCICPCTRGUQNQUKORWNUQUGZRCPUKQPKUVCUSWGGZEGFÉCPQVTCPUITGFÉCP FKEJC JGTGPEKC *CEKGPFQ GEQ FG NC IGQRQNÉVKEC PCRQNGÏPKEC [ NWGIQ FG NCU VGQTÉCU FGN IGÏITCHQCNGO½P%CTN4KVVGTNCUIWGTTCU[PGIQEKCEKQPGUHTQPVGTK\CUSWGUGNKDTCTQPFWTCPVGGNUKINQ:+:GP#OÅTKECCTIWOGPVCTQPGPITCPOGFKFCUWURQUKEKQPGUGPNCPQEKÏPFG frontera natural. 'UVGCTIWOGPVQFGNCTICFCVCRGTQSWGCUWOGWPCGPQTOGRQVGPEKCFWTCPVGGUVGUKINQ
2QWPFU[(QWEJGT GPEWGPVTCFKXGTUCUCRNKECEKQPGUCNQNCTIQFGNEQPVKPGPVG7. 7PQFGGNNQUGUGNSWGPQUQEWRCCSWÉ NCEQTFKNNGTCFG.QU#PFGUEQOQJKVQFGNKOKVCFQTFG NCUTGRÖDNKECUFG#TIGPVKPC[%JKNG # RCTVKT FG WPC UQOGTC EQPUKFGTCEKÏP FG NCU HTQPVGTCU FG %JKNG TGUWNVC GXKFGPVG SWG GN RTKPEKRKQPCVWTCNSWGFGVGTOKPÏNCFGNKOKVCEKÏPHWG[EQPVKPÖCUKGPFQWPRQFGTQUQHCEVQT RCTCNCEQPHQTOCEKÏPFGWPKOCIKPCTKQPCEKQPCN#OGFKFCSWGNCEWNVWTCIGQRQNÉVKECCFSWKGTGOC[QTJGIGOQPÉCFWTCPVGGNUKINQ:+:GUVGKOCIKPCTKQHWGXKPEWN½PFQUGEQPWPC KFGPVKFCF FG VGTTKVQTKQ CKUNCFQ 5G VTCVC FG WPC CWVQRGTEGREKÏP SWG XCTÉC UW XCNQTCEKÏP UGIÖPNCÅRQEC[NCKFGQNQIÉCFGSWKGPGUNGFCPHQTOC RCTCCNIWPQUGNCKUNCOKGPVQGUNC ECWUCFGNCUFKƂEWNVCFGUFGFGUCTTQNNQFGNCLQXGPTGRÖDNKEC[RCTCQVTQUÅUVGUKTXGEQOQ FGHGPUCCPVGPQEKXCUKPƃWGPEKCUGZVGTPCU.CEQPUVCPVGGPEWCNSWKGTECUQGUGNRQFGTQUQ FGVGTOKPKUOQSWGGLGTEGPGUVCUHTQPVGTCUPCVWTCNGUGPNCEQPHQTOCEKÏPsXKUWCN[FKUEWTUKXC FGNCPCEKÏPEJKNGPC 0QQDUVCPVGNCpPCVWTCNKFCFqFGUWUNÉOKVGUGN'UVCFQEJKNGPQPQUGJCTGFKOKFQPKGPVQPEGUPKCJQTCFGEQPƃKEVQUHTQPVGTK\QU7PQFGGNNQUGUGNSWGGNJKUVQTKCFQT2CDNQ.CEQUVG 'UGNECUQFGNCHTQPVGTCGPVTG'UVCFQU7PKFQU[/ÅZKEQSWGUGFGURNC\CCNQNCTIQFGN:+:sRQTOGFKQFGIWGTTCUEQORTCU[PGIQEKCEKQPGUJCUVC CNECP\CTGNTÉQ$TCXQEQOQJKVQFGOCTECVQTKQ 6COC[Q 1VTQECUQPQVCDNGGUGNDTCUKNGTQGPGNEWCNGNRQFGTQUQRQNÉVKEQ[JQODTGFGNGVTCU 8K\EQPFGFGTKQ$TCPEQUGKPURKTCGPWPCPVKIWQOKVQQGTTQTECTVQIT½ƂEQSWGFGƂPGC$TCUKNEQOQWPCKUNCRCTCGZRCPFKTNQUFQOKPKQUFGN+ORGTKQ DTCUKNGTQGPVQFCUFKTGEEKQPGUJCUVCCNECP\CTNQURTKPEKRCNGUTÉQUFG5WFCOÅTKECEQOQHTQPVGTCU -CPVQT
112
Por un paisaje nacional
JCDCWVK\CFQEQOQNCpIWGTTCFGOCRCUqRQTGNEWCNCRCTVKTFGNCFÅECFCFG %JKNG [ #TIGPVKPC UG GODCTECP GP RWIPCU RQT NC FGNKOKVCEKÏP FG NC NÉPGC FKXKUQTKC FG NC %QTFKNNGTCFGNQU#PFGU[FGN'UVTGEJQFG/CICNNCPGU 2GTQEQOQGUUCDKFQWPCHTQPVGTCPQGUÖPKECOGPVGWPCNÉPGCFGVGTOKPCFCRQTGPVKFCFGU RQNÉVKEQOKNKVCTGU RCTC FKXKFKT NQU RCÉUGU UKPQ WP GURCEKQ JCDKVCFQ RQT UWLGVQU GP VT½PUKto, caminos y medios de transporte, intercambio de bienes, lenguas y costumbres, etc.
5KOOGN
