PAra case study

Parasitology Case Study Written Report

Question # 4
Ten children ages 8 to 10 with high fever, headache, pallor and iritability. Some of them were observed to have petechial rashes and nose bleeding. All were taken to the hospital with one reported death.

Correalating to the symptoms experience by the patients Our Probable diagnosis is Malaria. In this case the Probable diseease agent is the Plasmodium species, as observed with the identified patients they are experiencing high fever with headache, based on our research a human experiences fever because it is the body's way of defense mechanism by means of raising the body's temperature to act as a inhibitor to prevent the possible proliferation or advancement of an certain infection, the patients are also experiencing headache and we connect this prior to the patients are experiencing high fever. Also mentioned in the patient's case is they are observed as to have the condition of "Pallor" which means that their appearance is pale and somewhat faded, this is caused by anemia and this anemia is caused by decreased in the patient's RBC level and the decreased in RBC is caused by the destruction of the patient's RBC by the Plasmodium parasite because in pathologic condtions like malaria there is excessive destruction of RBC in the part of the individual that is having malaria. Malaria can also destroy Platelets and due to this destruction of the platelets it can lead to excessive bleeding which is being manifestated by the patients nose bleeding and the petechial rashes are cause by the small leaks of blood from the blood vessels due to the excessive bleeding cause by the destruction of platelets .

The host factors that contributes and makes this patients or resident vulnerable to this kind of disease and pathologic conditions are, The residents of that area has little or no knowledge about this disease another is maybe some of the residents are Immunocompromised. The unsatisfactory sanitation of the residents making them more vulnerable to the disease agent. The lifestyle of the residents also contributes to their susceptibility of this disease because some of the residents stores water in containers and if left unmonitored it can also be a perfect breeding ground for the vectors of Plasmodium species.

The Environmental factors associated with this case are, The geographical features of the location of the Habitat of the residents because as mentioned in the case when it rains it is easily being flooded and the flood often takes day/days to clear out or to drain and this is a perfect breeding ground for the vectors of the Plasmodium species. Another environmental factor is the weather of this certain area, the floods are cause by rains and since baranggay Quintos is in the philippines it also has tropical weather system or cycle which means having sunny or rainy seasons only, although that there is no specific time or date mentioned in the case prior to the occurrence of the case, we can say that weather really has an effect t in making the resident/s of Brgy. South quintos susceptibility to this disease higher

The Laboratory diagnosis that can be utilize in order to aid in the diagnosis of the disease are Thick and thin smear which is the gold standard in the diagnosis of malaria. Another is Quantitative buffy coat which uses Accridine orange ( Positive result is indicated by green to yellow color of fluorescence.) In the rapid diagnosis Immunocharomatography can be utilized as well that involves the detection of the absence or presence of a certain analyte which in case of malaria , Lactate Dehydrogenase (for all Plasmodium species) is being subjected for detection. And Histidine rich protein 2 or HRP2 (specific for Plasmodium falciparum). And the best time to collect the sample is during the malarian paxorysm. Also parasite counting can aid in the diagnosis of this disease (e.g. Plus system, thin film and thick smear)

Programs that can control this disease, we designed and based our program prior to existing Department of health programs that is incorporated with the malaria disease, First program is to empower the residents of Brgy. South Quintos to help eliminate malaria by equipping them the knowledge about this disease , and make them aware what causes this disease, risk factors of this disease. We can accomplish this implementation of program by conducting seminars and lectures and disseminating vital information to the residents. Next program is Vector control, since malaria is vector transmitted disease controlling the vector that inflicts this can be beneficial to the residents that is or are susceptible to this disease and this can be implemented by regular fumigation, distributing insect and mosquito repellant to the residents or population. Another program is enhancing the rural health center or clinic by making the health workers in that health center equipped with knowledge about the disease. Making the health center efficient in diagnosing this disease and most importantly making the Health center more accessible to the residents so if this disease breaksout or infects a individual we can assure that the population or that individual has the right aid in treating or making the prevalence of this disease drop. All of this Malaria Control Program targets the meager-resourced municipalities in endemic provinces, rural poor residing near breeding areas, farmers relying on forest products, indigenous people with limited access to quality health care services, communities affected by armed conflicts, as well as pregnant women and children aged five years old and below making them beneficiaries prior to implementing this kinds of program.

Gaps or issues that can hinder the implementation of this programs, The residents of Brgy. South Quintos beliefs and practices of when ever they get sick they result to self medication. Another gap is Majority of the residents do not trust the government services no matter how good the specific program designed to control this disease if the residents will not cooperate the program cannot achieve its true purpose and value. Another issue is the lack of LGU budget there is a possibility of whatever program is implemented it can be hindered without the constant support and aid of the LGU.