On some Panamerican Cretaceous crabs (Decapoda: Raninoida)

June 14, 2017 | Autor: F. Etayo Gordejuela | Categoría: Paleontology, Crustacea, Crustacea Decapoda, Invertebrate Paleontology, Cretaceous
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Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana ISSN: 1405-3322 [email protected] Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. México

Vega, Francisco J.; Nyborg, Torrey; Kovalchuk, Greg; Etayo, Fernando; Luque, Javier; Rojas-Briceño, Alexis; Patarroyo, Pedro; Porras-Múzquiz, Héctor; Armstrong, Adam; Bermúdez, Hermann; Garibay, Luis On some Panamerican Cretaceous crabs (Decapoda: Raninoida) Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, vol. 62, núm. 2, 2010, pp. 263-279 Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. Distrito Federal, México

Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94315962006

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