Ocurrencia de Noctilio leporinus (Chiroptera:Noctilionidae) en la zona urbana y alrededores de Guayaquil, Ecuador (Occurrence of Noctilio leporinus (Chiroptera:Noctilionidae) in the urban zone and the neiborhood of Guayaquil, Ecuador)

C H I R O P T E R A

ISSN 1413-4403 Brasília-DF BRAZIL Editor Ludmilla M.S. Aguiar Co-editors Ricardo B. Machado Enrico Bernard Jader Marinho-Filho

VOLUME 10 - NUMBER 1-2

2004

NEOTROPICAL

Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

CHIROPTERA NEOTROPICAL Vol. 10

december/2004

No 1-2

ARTICLES

Food habits of the frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, in Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. F.H. G. Rodrigues, M.L. Reis & V. S. Braz ........................................................................................................................ 180-182

Ocurrencia de Noctilio leporinus (Chiroptera:Noctilionidae) en la zona urbana y alrededores de Guayaquil, Ecuador. J. J. Alava & R. Carvajal ....................................................................................................... 183-187

Updated list of Uberlândia Bats (Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil). W.H. Stutz, M. C. Albuquerque, W. U.ieda, E. M. Macedo & C. B. França ................................................................................................. 188-190

Survey of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera), with comments on reproduction status, in the “Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra das Almas”, in the state of Ceará, northwestern of Brazil. S. S. P. da Silva, P. G. Guedes, A. R. Camardella & A. L. Peracchi. ..................................................................................................... 191-195

Murciélagos en agroecosistemas cafeteros de Colombia. J. H. Castaño, J. E. Botero, S. Velásquez & J. D. Corrales ......................................................................................................................................................... 196-199

SHORT COMMUNICATION

First record of albinism in the bat Eumops glaucinus (Molossidae) from southeastern Brazil. M. M. Sodre, W. Uieda & M. Baldim ............................................................................................................................ 200-201

Obituary Prof. Dr. Valdir Antônio Taddei .................................................................................................. 202

Cover Photo by Érica Marisa Sampaio – Artibeus gnomus

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Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

FOOD HABITS OF THE FROG-EATING BAT, TRACHOPS CIRRHOSUS, IN ATLANTIC FOREST OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL Flavio H. G. Rodrigues1, Marcelo L. Reis2 & Vivian S. Braz3 1

Dept. Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG / Associação Pró-Carnívoros; [email protected] 2 Fundação Pólo Ecológico de Brasília; [email protected] 3 Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília; [email protected]

Abstract. The frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, is a medium-sized carnivore bat (28-45 g), which appears to feed mainly on frogs, although it also eats lizards, some insects and occasional fruits, small mammals and birds. This species is able to identify frog species by their vocalizations and avoid poisonous species. In August 2002 we found three feeding roosts of T. cirrhosus in an abandoned house within the Reserva Biológica de Saltinho, Pernambuco state. Despite their high behavioral specialization to consume frogs, in the Saltinho Reserve frogeating bats consumed mainly birds and perhaps bats. Key Words: Chiroptera, Carollia perspicillata, diet, feeding roosts, Pipra rubrocapilla, Saltinho Biological Reserve

INTRODUCTION The New World bats include species with a wide variety of feeding strategies and food preferences, including nectar, fruits, insects, blood and vertebrates (Gardner 1977, Nowak 1991). There are some species that occasionally feed on vertebrates (such as Mimon and Tonatia genus) and species that feed mainly on vertebrates. The specialist vertebrate-eating bats are large, weighing between 28 and 190 g. Among the carnivorous bats, Noctilio leporinus feeds mainly on fish, but its diet includes crustaceans and insects (Novick & Dale 1971, Gardner 1977, Nowak 1991, Emmons & Feer 1997). The woolly false vampire bat, Chrotopterus auritus, feeds on small mammals (bats, opossum, and mice), birds, lizards and frogs, including large insects and fruit in their diet (Gardner 1977, Sazima 1978, McCarthy 1987, Medellín 1988, Nowak 1991, Emmons & Feer 1997, Bonato et al. 2004). The false vampire bat, Vampyrum spectrum, feeds on birds, bats, rodents, and possibly takes insects and fruit (Gardner 1977, Vehrencamp et al. 1977, McCarthy 1987, Nowak 1991, Emmons & Feer 1997, Bonato et al. 2004). The frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, is a medium-sized carnivore bat (28-45 g), which appears to feed mainly on frogs, although it also eats lizards, some insects and occasional fruits, small mammals and birds (Gardner 1977, Emmons & Feer 1997, Bonato & Facure 2000, Bonato et al. 2004). Experiments have shown that it recognizes the calls of frogs and learns to avoid poisonous species (Tuttle & Ryan 1981, Ryan et al. 1983, Ryan & Tuttle 1983). The

tubercules on the chin of this species may be chemical sensors; the bat touches a frog’s skin (where poisons are found) with the tubercules as it is about to grasp it (Emmons & Feer 1997). It also hunts insects by hanging from a perch and sallying out to capture insects whose sounds it detects (Emmons & Feer 1997). It roosts in small groups, usually a dozen or fewer, in hollow trees, caves, culverts, under bridges, or in houses among trees. Here we describe food remains found in three feeding roosts at the Saltinho Biological Reserve, in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY In August 2002, we found three feeding roosts in an abandoned house within the Saltinho Biological Reserve. The reserve is one of the last areas of Atlantic Forest in the Northeastern region of Brazil, and has 475.2 ha of secondary forest and reforestation with native and exotic tree species. Two distinct seasons occur, with most of the rainfall concentrated from May to August, and the total rainfall indices are higher than 1,500 mm. The mean annual temperature is between 22ºC and 26ºC. The feeding roost had remains of bird, bats and insects (moths, cockroaches, cicadas, beetles and grasshoppers). Two feeding roosts had been used recently and the third one showed no signs of recent use, and the fragments of bats in the three feeding roosts were older than the bird and insect remains. We found a colony of twelve frog-eating bat individuals in the roof of the house, and on August 13, 2002, we observed frog-eating bat individuals in the two recently used feeding roosts,

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Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

one preying on a male individual of red headed manakin, Pipra rubrocapilla, at 20:00 h. Two individuals of frog-eating bat were collected and deposited in the Mastozoological Collection of University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil. We collected the vertebrate prey remains in the feeding roosts and identified them by comparison with the reference collection of the University of Brasília. At least six bird species and two bat species were identified in the remains of the three feeding roosts (Table 1). The most common bird species consumed by frogeating bats was Pipra rubrocapilla and the most common bat preyed upon was Carollia perspicillata. In November 2002 we checked the roosts again; only the first roosts had been used and five individuals of P. rubrocapilla and insects were found (Table 1). We do not know how many frog-eating bats use these roosts, but it seems likely to be twelve individuals observed resting in the house. However, these bats may use other feeding roosts in the forest and consumption frequency may be considerably higher. Sixteen individuals (seven males and nine females or young males) of P. rubrocapilla were found in the roosts. This species and Manacus manacus were among the most common bird species in the Saltinho Reserve (Vívian Braz, unpublished data) and other Pipridae, such as Chiroxiphia pareola, were also common, indicating an opportunistic predation behavior on small birds. However, the sex ratio of individuals captured in mist nets in the Saltinho Reserve was one male to four females or young males (respectively 2 and 8 captures, Vívian Braz & Marina Amaral, unpublished data), indicating a possible preference of the frog-eating bat in preying on males of P. rubrocapilla. Males of Pipridae species, including P. rubrocapilla and M. manacus, perform some sort of stereotyped display, some at communal leks (Ridgely & Tudor 1994). In the hottest areas the displays were performed throughout most of the year and the same exhibition site can be used for many years (Sick 1997). It is possible that the frog-eating bat learns the location of these leks where the males are concentrated and preying them at night, when the birds are sleeping. The observed predation of the male P. rubrocapilla confirms that the capture and consumption occur at night. However, other species can be captured at dawn or dusk, such as the woodpecker Picumnus sp., which shelters in hollow trees during the night (Sick 1997). Despite their high behavioral specialization to consume frogs (Ryan et al. 1983, Ryan & Tuttle 1983), in the Saltinho Reserve frog-eating bats consumed mainly birds and perhaps bats. The house where the roosts

were found is only 50 meters from a small stream, where small frogs could be found. The frog abundance in Saltinho Reserve is similar to that found in other Atlantic Forest sites (Cristiane Batista, pers. comm.). But no frogs were found under the roosts. It is possible that the frogs are being eaten in feeding roosts near the stream or that the frog-eating bats of the Saltinho Reserve have a distinctive diet. The bat remains on the three feeding roosts were old and during the months between the two expeditions, no bat was consumed in the roosts. It is possible that bats are consumed only during part of the year, or that another carnivorous bat had used the roosts before, but there are no records of other large carnivorous bats in northeastern Brazil (Emmons & Feer 1997, Eisenberg & Redford 1999). Predation of T. cirrhosus on bat (Furipterus horrens) was already recorded, also in Pernambuco State (Bonato & Facure 2000), and these authors hypothesized that F. horrens could be preyed within caves, where both species roosts. Trachops cirrhosus and Carollia pespicillata use the same diurnal shelter, on the roof of the abandoned house. It facilitates the predation on C. perpicillata. In spite this close contact, we don’t detected predation on bats between the end of the rainy season and the beginning of dry season. Birds were the main prey of frog-eating bats during the study period. Birds are not commonly reported as prey for the frog-eating bat, although other large carnivorous bats, such as Chrotopterus auritus and Vampyrum spectrum, frequently consume birds (McCarthy 1987, Vehrencamp et al. 1977, Sazima 1978, Medellín 1988, Bonato et al. 2004). Vampyrum spectrum feeds on birds, bats, and rodents, and may sometimes eat insects or fruit. Birds brought by V. spectrum back to a roost were usually large species that weighed 20-150 g, such as cuckoos, anis, parakeets, trogons and orioles. Tonatia bidens, a smaller bat species with an insect-based diet (Gardner 1977, Nowak 1991), is reported to feed intensively on small birds (4-24 g), which are taken to a feeding roost for consumption (Martuscelli 1995). The absence of other large carnivorous bat species can permit the frog-eating bat to enlarge its diet and explore less frequently consumed food resources. On the other hand, the knowledge of frog-eating bat ecology is still scarce, and the frequency with which birds, and possibly bats, appear in its diet may be higher than that usually reported.

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was conducted during the studies to subsidize the Management Plan of Saltinho Biological

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Reserve. We thank MRS Estudos Ambientais, IBAMA and Luiz Guilherme Dias Façanha, reserve director, for the logistic support.

notes on feeding behavior. J. Mammalogy 69:841844.

REFERENCES

Novick A. & B. A. Dale. 1971. Foraging behavior in fishing bats and their insectivorous relatives. J. Mammalogy 52:817-818.

Bonato V. & K.G. Facure. 2000. Bat predation by the fringe-lipped bat Trachops cirrhosus (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera). Mammalia 64(2):241243.

Nowak R. M. 1991. Walker’s Mammals of the World. Vol I. 5th ed. The Johns Hopkins Press, London. 642 p.

Bonato V., K.G. Facure & W. Uieda. 2004. Food habits of bats of the subfamily Vampyrinae in Brazil. J. Mammalogy 85(4): 708-713 .

Ridgely R. E G. Tudor. 1994. The Birds of South America. Vol II Suboscine Passerines, University of Texas Press, Texas.

Emmons L. H. & F. Feer. 1997. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals: a field guide. 2th ed. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago and London. 305 p.

Ryan M. J. & M. D. Tuttle. 1983. The ability of the frogeating bat to discriminate among novel and potentially poisonous frog species using acoustic cues. Anim. Behav. 31:827-833.

Eisenberg J. F. & K. H. Redford. 1999. Mammals of the Neotropics: the central neotropics. Vol. 3. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 609 p. Gardner A. L. 1977. Feeding habits. Pp. 293-350 In Baker, R. J., J. K. Jones & D. C. Carter, Biology of Bats of New World: Family Phyllostomatidae. Part II. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 13. 364 p. McCarthy T. J. 1987. Additional mammalian prey of the carnivorous bats, Chrotopterus auritus and Vampyrum spectrum. Bat Research News 28:1-3. Martuscelli P. 1995. Avian predation by the roundeared bat (Tonatia bidens, Phyllostomidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. J. Tropical Ecol. 11:461464. Medellín R. 1988. Prey of Chrotopterus auritus, with

Ryan M. J., M. D. Tuttle & R. M. R. Barclay. 1983. Behavioral responses of the frog-eating bat, Trachops cirrhosus, to sonic frequencies. J. Comp. Physiol., ser. A, 150:413-418. Sazima I. 1978. Vertebrates as food items of the woolly false vampire, Chrotopterus auritus. J. Mammalogy 59:617-318. Sick H. 1997. Ornitologia Brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Nova Fronteira. 912 pp. Tuttle M. D. & M. J. Ryan. 1981. Bat predation and the evolution of frog vocalizations in the Neotropics. Science 214:677-678. Vehrencamp S. L., F. G. Stiles & J. W. Bradbury. 1977. Observations on the foraging behavior and avian prey of the Neotropical carnivorous bat, Vampyrum spectrum. J. Mammalogy 58:469-478.

Table 1: Vertebrate prey species found in Trachops cirrhosus roosts at Saltinho Biological Reserve, Pernambuco State, Brazil. Species / roosts Birds Pipra rubrocapilla Manacus manacus Pipridae Thryothorus sp. Hemitriccus sp. Tolmomyias sp. Picumnus sp. Bats Carollia perspicillata Myotis nigricans

1

2

3

Total

7 + 5* 1 3** 1 2 0 0

3 0 6 0 1 3 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 1 9 1 3 3 1

4 2

0 0

0 0

4 2

* Respectively August and November 2002. ** Probably Pipra rubrocapilla.

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OCURRENCIA DE NOCTILIO LEPORINUS (CHIROPTERA:NOCTILIONIDAE) EN LA ZONA URBANA Y ALREDEDORES DE GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR. Juan José Alava1 y Raúl Carvajal2 1

School of the Environment, University of South Carolina, US. e-mail: [email protected] Fundación Natura Capítulo Guayaquil, Av. Carlos J. Arosemena km 2.5, PO Box 09-01-11327, Guayaquil, Ecuador

2

Abstract. Occurrence of Noctilio leporinus (Chiroptera:Noctilionidae) in the urban zone and the neiborhood of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Fishing bats (Noctilio spp.) occur in Central and South Americas. Distribution is from the Mexican Pacific coast and Cuba (greater species) to south of Guatemala (smaller species) and to the north of Argentina and Uruguay, including the Greater and Smaller Antilles. The two fishing bats species are present in Ecuador, but there is no present scientific documentation on Noctilio leporinus in the Ecuadorian Coast. Herein we report two unusual registries from three collected individuals of this species, in the begining of 1999, inside and outside the limits of the urban zone of the Guayaquil city, Ecuador. Key words: Chiroptera, diet, distribution, Ecuador, ectoparasites, morphometry.

INTRODUCCION Los murciélagos pescadores (Noctilio spp.) estan comumente distribuidos en Centro y Sur América, desde la costa del pacifico de México y Cuba (especies más grandes) y sur de Guatemala (especies más pequeñas) hasta el norte de Argentina y Uruguay, y Antillas Mayores y Menores (Emmons & Free 1997). Encontrándose solo en tierras bajas cerca de cuerpos de agua en bosques lluviosos y secos, habitas marinos costeros, humedales, habitats abiertos tales como pastizales, riveras, y plantaciones (Emmons & Free 1997). En el Ecuador se encuentran las dos especies de murciélagos pescadores existentes, el murciélago pescador mayor, Noctilio leporinus y el murciélago pescador menor, Noctilio albiventris. N. leporinus se encuentra representado en el piso Tropical Oriental y Occidental, a ambos lados de los Andes (Albuja 1982, Tirira 1999). Anteriormente, Blodel (1955) señalo la presencia de esta especie en las partes bajas del occidente ecuatoriano. Esta especie de murciélago ha sido registrado en humedales lénticos de las provincias de Manabí (La Segua y Embalse de Poza Onda) y Esmeraldas (La Cochita, Laguna de la Ciudad, Laguna de Cube, Ciénaga de Same y Humedal el Paraíso). Según el Inventario de Humedales del Ecuador (Briones et al. 2001) en 16 humedales importantes inventariados en las provincias de Guayas y El Oro, solo en dos de ellos se pudo evidenciar la presencia del murciélago pescador mayor, siendo muy frecuentes en los humedales El Canclón (Provincia del Guayas) y La

Tembladera (Provincia El Oro). Este es abundante y frecuente en los lugares mencionados, tanto en hábitats de aguas marinas someras como en costas de arenas/guijarros (incluyendo sistema de dunas) (Briones et al. 1997). También se ha observado esta especie pescando en el mar y en aguas continentales (Albuja 1986). Comunicaciones personales de esta especie de murciélago confirman y dan evidencia de su presencia en la Bioregión del Golfo de Guayaquil. En Abras de Mantequilla un Sitio Ramsar ubicado en la Provincia de los Ríos, ha sido observado y filmado, pescando en la superficie del agua durante la noche por biólogos del Distrito Provincial Forestal Guayas del Ministerio del Ambiente (Ex - INEFAN) y del Museo de Vertebrados de la Escuela de Biología de la Universidad de Guayaquil (F. Man Ging com. Pers.). Este murciélago también ha sido observado en la Isla Puná (Golfo de Guayaquil) y pescando en piscinas camaroneras ubicadas en Naranjal (D. Tirira, com. pers.). No existe documentación científica actual publicada de su biología en el Litoral ecuatoriano. En el presente informe reportamos dos registros inusuales a partir de tres individuos recolectados de esta especie, ocurridos en los primeros meses de 1999 dentro y fuera del limite de la zona urbana de la ciudad de Guayaquil,Ecuador.

ESPECIMENES RECOLECTADOS Los datos de los tres especímenes recolectados se señalan en la Tabla 1. El primer espécimen (N° 1) fue hallado el 12 de febrero de 1999 en un matadero

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Tabla 1.- Datos de los individuos de N. leporinus registrados en la Provincia del Guayas N° 1

FECHA 12/02/99

ESPECIE Noctilio leporinus

SEXO macho

ECTOPARASITOS Presencia de piojos Anoplura(abundantes)

2

17/03/99

Noctilio leporinus

macho

Presencia de piojos Anoplura

3

25/08/99

Noctilio leporinus

——

No se encontraron piojos

LUGAR Camal de la Caraguay, Sur de Guayaquil, Provincia del Guayas Ciudadela Atarazana, Norte de Guayaquil, Provinciadel Guayas Cantón Naranjal, Parroquia Taura, Provincia del Guayas

——: no se determinó el sexo

municipal (Camal de la Caraguay) ubicado al sur de la ciudad de Guayaquil (2°10’S, 79°56’W); mismo que fue entregado vivo en las oficinas de la Fundación Natura Capítulo Guayaquil en donde fue identificado por los autores y posteriormente entregado para su custodia al centro de vida silvestre del Parque Histórico de Guayaquil del Banco Central del Ecuador. El murciélago fue alimentado y luego liberado en los remanentes de manglar del mismo lugar. Una filmación del animal fue realizada para evidenciar su registro (Figura 1). El segundo registro (N° 2) ocurrió el 17 de marzo de 1999, en este caso el espécimen se trataba del cadáver de un murciélago encontrado en la parte norte de la

ciudad de Guayaquil,ciudadela Atarazana, villa # 21, Mz. H. El murciélago fue recogido del lugar por uno de los autores (RC) y llevado a la Fundación para su identificación (Figura 2). El espécimen fue entregado al Museo de Vertebrados de la Escuela de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Debido a que la especie no estaba en el inventario del mismo. El último espécimen (N° 3) fue capturado el 25 agosto en el sector de Naranjal (cantón de la Provincia del Guayas) en una granja de cultivo de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). El cráneo fue separado para la colección. Las medidas corporales, craneanas y

Figura 1. Especimen N o 1 registrado en un matadero (camal de la caraguay) al sur de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador. (Foto: Juan Jose Alava) Page 184

Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

Figura 2. Especimen N o 2 registrado en zona de viviendas humanas al norte de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador. (Foto: Juan Jose Alava) formula dentaria de este individuo se encuentran en la Tabla 2. Para la identificación y medición de los murciélagos se utilizó el texto - guía de campo: Neotropical Rainforests Mammals por Emmons y Free (1997); el libro Murciélagos del Ecuador (Albuja 1982), y el texto Mamíferos del Ecuador (Tirira 1999).

DISCUSION En tres especímenes estudiados, el pelaje de los individuos presentó un color anaranjado-rojizo. Fue característica la forma del hocico con los labios superiores leporinos, colgantes e hinchados a manera de “bulldog”, así como las orejas en forma puntiaguada (Figura 3). También se observó la forma de las patas, a manera de grandes garras, adaptadas para atrapar peces desde la superficie del agua, los mismos que pueden ser detectados por su sistema de ecolocalización. Sin embargo, el sonar como ayuda en el rastreo de peces posiblemente sea mejor usado en distancias muy cortas (Bloedel 1955). El gran tamaño tanto del murciélago, como de las membranas y garras, son características distintivas generales que lo diferencian del murciélago pescador menor, N. albiventris. Además el murciélago pescador menor se distribuye zoogeográficamente en la región Oriental Tropical (Albuja 1982, Tirira 1999). El sexo pudo ser determinado debido a que fue posible observar el pene en ambos especímenes. Un olor fuerte proveniente del cuerpo, parecido al almizcle también

pudo ser notado. Es importante señalar que en dos murciélagos (N° 1 y N° 2) se encontraron piojos del mismo tipo cuya especie no se pudo identificar, perteneciendo probablemente al Orden Anoplura. Estos se encontraron de manera abundante en el primer individuo. Esto indica que la incidencia de ectoparásitos en esta especie de murciélagos es alta: 66,66 % (2/3). En el análisis del contenido estomacal del segundo individuo registrado se pudo confirmar que a parte de los peces que constituyen su alimento principal comen además crustáceos e insectos, tales como escarabajos, chinches, grillos, entre otros (Albuja 1986). En este sentido es notorio en las zonas urbanas de Guayaquil la presencia masiva de grillos (Orhtoptera) en horas previas al inicio de las primeras lluvias en la etapa invernal; por consiguiente, la alta disponibilidad de estos insectos pudo haber incidido en la presencia de los especímenes reportados y otros individuos. Zortéa & Aguiar (2001) resaltan que N. leporinus es una especie altamente oportunista la cual parece adaptarse bien a los cambios antropogenicos, beneficiándose algunas veces de este aspecto. De acuerdo a la alimentación que recibió el primer individuo, los camarones (Litopenaeus spp.; Macrobrachium spp.) con los que se alimento este individuo parecen conformar parte de la dieta de esta especie (N. Hilgert com. pers.). Brooke (1994) ha señalado que invertebrados acuáticos tales como los crustáceos (camarones) y ciertos arácnidos consituyen

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Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

Tabla 2. Medidas morfométricas del individuo N° 3 Cuerpo-cráneo (cm): Formula dentaria:

LT: 12.5 LO: 2.5 I 2/1

CC: 9.5 LC: 2.7 C 1/1

C: 2.8 CB: 2.3 P 1/2

AB: 8 MA: 2 M 3/3

LPP: 3.8 TOTAL=28

LT: Largo total;CC: Longitud cabeza-cuerpo;C: Largo de la cola; AB: Largo del antebrazo; LPP: Largo pata posterior; LO: Largo oreja I= incisivos; C= caninos; P= premolares; M= molares

elementos de la dieta asi como insectos atrapados en el aire. Tirira (1994) ha considerado al murciélago pescador menor (N. albiventris), especie hermana de N. leporinus, como bioindicador de la calidad de agua y contaminación acuática en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Debido a que N. albiventris es sensible a la contaminación, es probable que las poblaciones de N. leporinus también sean afectadas por la contaminación acuática y probablemente contaminantes organoclorados esten bioacumulándose en el tejido graso de estos quiropteros debido a que se alimentan de peces presentes tanto en las aguas del estero salado como del río Guayas. Sin embargo esto necesita ser investigado. En el limite urbano de la ciudad de Guayaquil, que incluye a la parte alta del Estero Salado, la contaminación del recurso agua se debe

principalmente a efluentes o aguas servidas domésticas, representando el 75 % de la carga orgánica contaminante, mientras que el parque industrial constituye el 25%. La fuente más importante de contaminación es la industria de alimentos. Sin embargo no se han encontrado elevados niveles de los metales pesados y otros tóxicos (Dirección de Medio Ambiente - M. I. Municipalidad de Guayaquil,1998). Otro factor que podría estar influyendo en la supervivencia de esta especie es el cambio climático y fenómenos oceanográficos como son El Niño y La Niña. Los autores consideran que este es el primer informe en donde se evidencia, con tres especímenes recolectados, la distribución y adaptación de estos quirópteros en la zona urbana de Guayaquil y en las áreas aledañas al cantón.‘

Figura 3.Aspecto morfologico externo de la oreja, nariz y labios de N. leporinus (especimen N o 2). (Foto: Juan Jose Alava) Page 186

Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

AGRADECIMIENTOS Los autores desean agradecer al Blgo. Félix Man Ging, curador del Museo de Vertebrados de la Escuela de Biología - Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Guayaquil, por el procesamiento de los especímenes.

Briones E., A. Flachier , J. Gomez, D. Tirira, H. Medina, I. Jaramillo & C. Chiriboga. 1997. Inventario de Humedales del Ecuador. Primera Parte: Humedales Lénticos Interiores de La provincia de Esmeraldas y Manabi. Ecociencia/INEFAN/Convención de Ramsar. Quito. 197 p.

REFERENCIAS

Brooke A. P.1994. Diet of the fishing bat, Noctilio leporinus (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae). Journal of Mammology 75:212-218.

Albuja L. 1982. Murciélagos del Ecuador. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Escuela Politécnica Nacional. 2nd Edición. Cicetrónic Cia. Ltda. Offset. Quito. 285 p.

Emmons L. H. & F. Free .1997. Neotropical Rainforests Mammals, a field guide. 2nd edition. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago.386 p.

Bloedel P.1955. Hunting methods of fishing-eating bat, particulary Noctilio leporinus. Journal of Mammology 36: 390:399. Briones E., J. Gomez, A. Hidalgo, D. Tirira & A. Flachier. 2001. Inventario de Humedales del Ecuador. Segunda Parte: Humedales Interiores de La provincia de El Oro. Convención de Ramsar/INEFAN/Ecociencia. Quito. Ecuador. 134 p. Briones E., J. Gomez, A. Hidalgo, D. Tirira & A. Flachier.. 2001. Inventario de Humedales del Ecuador. Segunda Parte: Humedales Interiores de La provincia del Guayas-Tomo I. Convención de Ramsar/INEFAN/ Ecociencia. Quito. Ecuador. 136 p.

Tirira D. 1994. Aspectos ecológicos del murciélago pescador menor: Noctilio albiventer (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae) y su uso como bioindicador en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Tesis de licenciatura. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. Quito. 123 p. Tirira D. 1999. Mamíferos del Ecuador. Publicación Especial 2. Museo de Zoología, Centro de Biodiversidad y Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, SIMBIOE. 392 p. Zortéa M. & L. Aguiar. 2001.Foraging behavior of the fishing bat, Noctilio leporinus (Noctilionidae). Chiroptera Neotropical 7:140-142.

Briones E., J. Gomez, A. Hidalgo, D. Tirira & A. Flachier. 2001. Inventario de Humedales del Ecuador. Segunda Parte: Humedales Interiores de La provincia del Guayas-Tomo II. Convención de Ramsar/INEFAN/ Ecociencia. Quito. Ecuador.

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UPDATED LIST OF UBERLÂNDIA BATS (MINAS GERAIS STATE, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL) William Henrique Stutz1,2 , Maurício Cavalcanti de Albuquerque1, Wilson Uieda3, Edilson Medeiros de Macedo1,2 and Clauderci Barbosa França1 1

Laboratório de Manejo de Animais Peçonhentos e Quirópteros (LMAPQ ) - Secretaria Municipal de Saúde Prefeitura de Uberlândia, Av. das Américas 333, Bairro Patrimônio, 38411-020 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. E-mails: [email protected] and [email protected] 2 Organização não governamental Ação Ambiental Morcego Livre - Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Grant from CNPq (151124/02-7). E-mails: [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract. The present paper is an update list of bats from the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. This list is done with the objetive of extending the knowledgment on these animals in the study area with highlights to their adequate management and conservation. Key Words: Brazil, Cerrado, Chiroptera, Rabies, Species Richness, Uberlândia.

INTRODUCTION Bats represent one of the largest groups of wild mammals in tropical regions (Findley 1993). The knowledge of their diversity, ecology and biology is important for any study about the management and control of their populations. These night flying mammals also may act as ecological indicators of environment disturbances (Medellin 2000). Our aim is to present an updated list of bats from the region of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, based on data obtained by the Laboratory of Bats and Poisonous Animals Management (LMAPQ) from the Health Department of Uberlandia and also based on records from specialized literature.

STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY The Cerrado is the second largest geographical region of Brazil and it is recognized by UNESCO as a “Biosphere Reserve”. With an area of two million square kilometers, corresponding to 22% of the national territory, it is known especially because of exploitation and lack of knowledge of its biodiversity which is suffering high risk of extinction due to economic exploitation of the biome. The municipality of Uberlândia (18º55’S, 48º17’W) with altitude variation between 700 and 970 meters is located in the southwest region of Minas Gerais sate. It has an area of 4,040 km2, with an urban perimeter of 189 km2. The weather is semitropical, characterized by the alternation of dry winters and rainy summers. Average temperature is of

22ºC, and the period from October to March is the hottest (24,7ºC). June and July are the coldest months with an average temperature of 18.8ºC. Summer is characterized by a marked instability in the weather due to occasional Atlantic polar air masses which precipitate a large amount of rainfall between the months of October and March. The vegetation is predominantly of cerrado sensu strictu, “campos” and gallery forests along the main rivers. Bats were captured from August 2001 to June 2003. The majority of bats were obtained during non-habitual situations, including individuals that were found dead on the ground, and others flying during the daytime or inside residences (see Uieda et al. 1995, FUNASA 1996). Beside these situations, bats were monthly captured with mist nets set in several places in the urban area, inside road sewers, in small tunnels under roads, below bridges, inside abandoned houses and caves. Part of the specimens collected was kept as vouchers at the LMAPQ and others were sent to the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, and to the Pasteur Institution in São Paulo, in order to be tested for rabies (the imunefluorescence and biological tests).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The bat list of Uberlândia is composed by 41 species belonging to 26 genus and four families. The Phyllostomidae family is the most speciose with 15 genus and 18 species, followed by Molossidae, with

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Table 1. Updated list of bat species from the Municipality of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, based on data from Laboratory of Bats and Poisonous Animals Management (LMAPQ) and literature. OS= LMAPQ data, PS=Present Study. Families and species of bats FAMILY NOCTILIONIDAE Noctilio albiventris Noctilio leporinus

Sources PS PS Lopes et al. 2000

Family Phyllostomidae Chrotopterus auritus Macrophyllum macrophyllum Micronycteris megalotis Mimon crenulatum Phyllostomus discolor Phyllostomus hastatus Anoura caudifera Anoura geoffroyi Glossophaga soricina Carollia perspicillata Artibeus lituratus Artibeus planirostris Chiroderma doriae Platyrrhinus lineatus Sturnira lilium Vampyressa pusilla Desmodus rotundus Diphylla ecaudata

Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, OS PS Pedro et al. 1994, Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, PS PS Pedro & Taddei 1998, OS Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, 2002, OS Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, OS Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, 2002, OS Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, 2002, OS Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, OS Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, OS Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998 Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, 2002, OS Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, 2002, OS present study Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, OS PS

Family Vespertilionidae Eptesicus diminutus Eptesicus furinalis Histiotus velatus Lasiurus cinereus Lasiurus ega Lasiurus egregius Lasiurus blossevillii Myotis nigricans

Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998 Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998 PS Pedro & Taddei 1998, OS PS PS Pedro & Taddei 1998 Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998, OS

Family Molossidae Eumops auripendulus Eumops bonariensis Eumops glaucinus Eumops hansae Eumops perotis Cynomops planirostris Molossops temminckii Molossus rufus Molossus molossus Nyctinomops laticaudatus Nyctinomops macrotis Promops nasutus Tadarida brasiliensis

PS PS Pedro & Taddei 1998, OS PS OS Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998 Pedro & Taddei 1997, 1998 Pedro & Taddei 1998, OS Pedro & Taddei 1998, OS Pedro & Taddei 1998, OS OS OS OS Page 189

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six genus and 13 species. Vespertilionidae accounted by four genus and eight species and Noctilionidae by one genus and two species. The high number of molossid species seems to be related with problems that this special group brings to humans in urban areas of many Brazilian cities (see FUNASA 1996) due to their presence in buildings. Therefore, since most of the activities conducted by LMAPQ are related with the bat presence in houses or with the contact between bats and humans, it is very likely that, in a few years, other molossid species will be found in Uberlandia. Though, other species were previously recorded near to Uberlandia city and we believe that their presence should be confirmed in the city in the near future. This is the case of the white-winged vampire bat, Diaemus youngi, captured by Uieda & Araujo (1987) when feeding on chickens in the nearby city of Uberaba. In October 2001, an adult male of Lasiurus egregius was found dead in the morning, hanging on the wall of an urban residence. Four molossids, one female of Promops nasutus (December 2001), one male of Eumops hansae (January 2002), and two males of Eumops bonariensis (November 2001 and July 2002) were found alive, lying on the floor of a house in an urban area of Uberlandia. Only E. hansae was found indoors at the 5th floor of a residential building. Although all of these animals were supected to be sick, the rabies tests were negative for all individuals except the Lasiurus egregius. This study is until now the first rabies record for this species. In September 2003 a living adult male of Macrophyllum macrophyllum was collected inside a road sewer during our routine activities. This is the second record for this species in the state of Minas Gerais (see Harrison 1975). Other studies of bats should continue not only in Uberlândia but also in other cities of the state. Even being the largest state of the Brazilian southeastern region, with portions of Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, Minas Gerais has one of the poorest known bat fauna, especially on the Cerrado biome (Aguiar 1994). Work on bats should be stimulated, so it will be possible to determinate the real diversity of the state and Brazil’s chiropteran fauna.

REFERENCES Aguiar L.M.S. 1994. Comunidades de Chiroptera em três áreas de Mata Atlântica em diferentes estádios

de sucessão - Estação Biológica de Caratinga, Minas Gerais. MSc. Dissertation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Medellin R. A. (2000). Bat Diversity and Abundance as Indicators of Disturbance in Neotropical Rain forests. Conservation Biology 14(6): 1666-1675 Funasa - Fundação Nacional de Saúde. 1996. Morcegos em áreas urbanas e rurais: manual de manejo e controle. Bredt A. (Ed). Ministério da Saúde, Brasília. 117p. Harrison D. L. 1975. Macrophyllum macrophyllum. Mammalian Species 62: 1-3. Findley J.S. 1993. Bats: a community perspective. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 167p. Lopes J.P., A. J.G. Santos & R.A. Tenório. 2000. Morcego pescador pode trazer grandes prejuízos aos piscicultores. Panorana da Aqüicultura 10 (57): 1519. Pedro W. A., C.A.K. Komeno & V. A. Taddei. 1994. Morphometrics and biological notes on Mimon crenulatum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi série Zool. 10(1): 107112. Pedro W. A. & V. A. Taddei. 1997. Taxonomic assemblage of bats from Panga Reserve, southeastern Brazil: abundance patterns and trophic relations in the Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera). Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão (N. Ser.) 6: 3-21. Pedro W. A. & V. A. Taddei 1998. Bats from Southwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Chiroptera Neotropical 4(1): 85-88 Pedro W. A. & V. A. Taddei. 2002. Temporal distribution of five bat species (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from Panga Reserve, South-Eastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 19(3): 951-954. Uieda W. & V.F. Araújo. 1987. Manutenção dos morcegos hematófagos Diaemus youngii e Diphylla ecaudata (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) em cativeiro.Anais Seminário Ciências, Faculdades Integradas de Uberlândia, Uberaba, 1: 30-42. Uieda W., N. M. S. Harmani & M. M. S. Silva. 1995. Raiva em morcegos insetívoros (Molossidae) do Sudeste do Brasil. Revista de Saúde Pública 29 (5): 393-397.

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SURVEY OF BATS (MAMMALIA, CHIROPTERA), WITH COMMENTS ON REPRODUCTION STATUS, IN SERRA DAS ALMAS PRIVATE HERITAGE RESERVE, IN THE STATE OF CEARÁ, NORTHWESTERN OF BRAZIL

Shirley Seixas Pereira da Silva 1, Patrícia Gonçalves Guedes2, Arianna R. Camardella2 & Adriano Lúcio Peracchi3. 1

Divisão de Pesquisa e Tecnologia Florestal, Fundação Instituto Estadual de Florestas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]. 2 Departamento de Vertebrados (Mastozoologia), Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista s/ n o, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040, Brazil. 3 Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23851-970, Brazil.

Abstract This bat survey was conducted in Serra das Almas (SAR) Natural Heritage Private Reserve, in the Ceará state, in order to improve the knowledge about chiropterans of the Brazilian Caatinga and the northwestern region of Brazil. A total of 182 specimens of 16 species were collected, and reproductive conditions were checked. Artibeus fimbriatus collected in the decidual forest during the dry season is the most northern record for this species. The results of this survey reinforce the urgent need for more extensively studies in this region of Brazil to provide a better understanding of the bat diversity and their ecological role in this unique ecosystem.

Key words: Caatinga, chiroptera, inventory, Northeastern Brazil, reproduction.

INTRODUCTION

Planalto da Ibiapaba, Ceará State, Brazil.

There are few bat studies in the Brazilian northwestern region, and fewer realized in the state of Ceará. Thomas (1910) studied specifically the “Planalto da Ibiapaba” and listed Artibeus lituratus, Platyrrhinus lineatus and Carollia perspicillata for that region. Seventy years later Uieda et al. (1980) listed Carollia perspicillata, Chrotopterus auritus, Desmodus rotundus, Furipterus horrens, Glossophaga soricina, Phyllostomus discolor, Phyllostomus hastatus, Peropteryx macrotis and Peropteryx sp. for Ubajara and Araticum municipalities. There is a management plan for the Ubajara National Park, published by IBDF (1981) that cites Furipterus horrens to occur in the area. Mares et al. (1981) published a list of 50 chiroptera species recorded in the municipalities of Crato (Ceará state) and Exu (Pernambuco state). Willig (1983, 1985) also publishes a 38 species list of bats registered in Crato. Two decades later Silva et al. (2001) reviewed the management plan for Ubajara National Park and list the presence of 13 bat species in the area.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In order to improve the knowledge about chiropterans in this region and ecosystem of Brazil we present the results of a bat survey in the southern part of the

Carrasco is found on the plateau always above 600m and usually around 700m. A flat relief containing a deep

Study Area The bat survey was conducted at the “Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra das Almas” (SAR) located at coordinates 05o05’, 05o15’ S - 40o50’, 41o00’ W, in the municipality of in the municipality of Crateús, state of Ceará (Figure 1). The Reserve comprises a total area of 4,740 ha, and has three major vegetation types: decidual forest, “carrasco” and “caatinga”. Sampling was done within and nearby the Reserve region in order to trial all types of vegetation. The decidual forest is located in a narrow area near the border of the superior plateau, above 750 meters. It is supported by the plateau drainage and by orographic rain. Due to the altitude and the exposition of the slope to the humid winds from NE and E make possible the maintenance of species that are typical of humid environments such as trees, herbs and bushes.

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Figure 1: Map showing the Municipality of Crateús localization.

sandy soil without superficial water and poor nutrients represents the physical environment. Its flora is xerophytic and sclerophyllous, and its physiognomy present high density, comprising trees, short bushes and vines. Although being xerophytic vegetation, “carrasco” differs from “caatinga” due to its higher species diversity and to the presence of humid elements. Caatinga is a xerophytic vegetation community that occupies the areas with plain relief at the base of the plateau, presenting an open physiognomy with high predominance of Auxemma oncocalyx and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia (M. A. Figueiredo et al. 2000).

METHODS Bats were collected during the months of January and July, which correspond to the wet and dry seasons, in the year of 2000. Bats were captured using mist nets (9.0 x 2.5 m) from 18:00 to 22:00, totalizing 9,000m2 of capture effort. Bats that were pregnant, lactating or with evident testicles were set free at the end of each night sample. Species identification followed Koopman (1993). Material referred as “SAR” and “ALP” is currently deposited in the Federal University of Ceará and Adriano Lúcio Peracchi collections, respectively.

RESULTS During the survey 182 specimens of bats were collected, representing 16 species (Table 1). Here we present a gazetteer, with capture data for each species. MORMOOPIDAE Pteronotus parnelli (Gray, 1843) – This species was found in decidual forest (n=7) and carrasco (n=3). Apparently bats were not reproductive during collecting months. Two young individuals were collected in the dry season (July). Examined material (m=male, f=female): ALP 6044 m (24-VII-00), SAR 083 m (25-VII00), ALP 6044 f (12-I-00), ALP 6056 f (22-VII-00), SAR 052 f (22-VII-00), ALP 6064 f (24-VII-00), ALP 6069 f young (25-VII-00). PHYLLOSTOMIDAE Phyllostomus discolor (Wagner, 1843) – In July, one pregnant female was collected among other 25 individuals captured. No specimen was collected during the rainy season. The presence of this species during the dry season is probably associated with the denser vegetation in the sample sites during this time of the

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year, although it was also collected in the caatinga, a more open vegetation. Examined material (m=male, f=female): ALP 6047 m (22-VII-00), SAR 065 f (22-VII00), ALP 6057 m (23-VII-00), ALP 6059 m (23-VII-00), SAR 081 m (24-VII-00).

Examined material (m=male, f=female): ALP 6042 m (10I-00), ALP 6043 m (10-I-00), SAR 027 m (11-I-00), SAR 045 m (22-VII-00), SAR 049 m (22-VII-00), ALP 6066 m (24-VII-00), ALP 6051 f (22-VII-00), SAR 046 f (22-VII00).

Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) – During the survey in the decidual forest area one male and one female were collected together with the specimens of P. discolor. The male presented an orange-reddish fur, which seems to be a case of melanin variation, similar to A. L. Peracchi’s specimens collected in Linhares (Espírito Santo state, Southeastern Brazil). Examined material (m=male, f=female): ALP 6062 m (23-VII-00) and ALP 6069 f (23-VII-00).

Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810) – A total of 14 specimens of this frugivorous species were collected, always in areas of decidual forest. The existence of individuals in reproductive period (lactated and pregnant females) was observed in both seasons. Examined material (m=male, f=female): ALP 6039 m (10I-00), SAR 068 m (23-VII-00), SAR 051 f (22-VII-00), ALP 6040 f (10-I-00), ALP 6041 f (10-I-00).

Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823) – This species was collected in decidual forest during the dry season. Examined material (m=male, f=female): ALP 6049 m (22VII-00) and ALP 6060 f (23-VII-00). Tonatia bidens (Spix, 1823) – One male specimen was collected in decidual forest during the dry season. Examined material (m=male): ALP 6053 m (22-VII-00). Tonatia sp. – One individual was collected in the decidual forest during the dry season. Its unusual ventral pelage coloration and overall size did not allow a specific identification until this date. Examined material (f=female): ALP 6068 f (25-VII-00). Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838 – During the survey, 13 specimens were captured. Two males and one female presented reproductive signs on July. The pregnant female was captured in the caatinga, and the other specimens were collected in the decidual forest. Examined material (m=male, f=female): ALP 6048 m (22VII-00), ALP 6055 m (22-VII-00), SAR 067 m (23-VII-00), SAR 073 m (23-VII-00), ALP 6058 f (23-VII-00), SAR 070 f young (23-VII-00). Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766) – This species was recorded in the carrasco and decidual forest, in both seasons. However, the higher number of captures occurred in the dry season (July), including a pregnant female. Examined material (m=male, f=female): ALP 6045 f (12-I-00), ALP 6046 f (12-I-00), ALP 6054 f (22-VII-00), SAR 048 f (22-VII-00), SAR 050 f (22-VII-00), SAR 060 f (22-VII-00), ALP 6052 m (22-VII-00), ALP 6065 m (22VII-00), SAR 091 f (25-VII-00). Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) – This species is very common in the region (n=71). On January only two males were collected, but both of them had reproductive signs. In July more individuals were collected, mainly in areas of denser vegetation, as the decidual forest (n=55) and carrasco (n=14). From the 40 females captured, five were pregnant in July.

Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) – Captured in the decidual forest. Examined material (f=female): ALP 6061 f (23-VII-00). Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) – This species was found in areas of decidual forest during the dry season. From the 13 collected individuals, 12 were in reproductive period (5 females and 7 males). Examined material (m=male): ALP 6050 m evident testicles (22VII-00). Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) – This species was collected in both seasons, in areas of decidual forest and carrasco. Two individuals were in reproductive period during January. Examined material (m=male): ALP 6035 m (08-I-00), SAR 044 m (22-VII-00), SAR 082 m (24-VII-00), ALP 6067 m (25-VII-00). Artibeus fimbriatus (Gray, 1838) – Collected in the decidual forest during the dry season. Examined material (f=female): f pregnant (22-VII-00). This is the most northern record for this species. DESMODONTINAE Desmodus rotundus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) – All the four specimens were collected in the deciduous forest, inside a stable where horses were kept at night. One pregnant female was captured in July. Examined material (m=male, f=female): ALP 6037 f (08-I-00), 6038 f (08-I00), ALP 6036 m (08-I-00). VESPERTILIONIDAE Myotis sp. – Collected during the rainy season. Some individuals were observed flying around, and inside the house used by the researchers. Its overall size such as the forearm did not allow a specific identification until this date. Examined material (m=male): ALP 6034 m (08-I-00).

DISCUSSION Results presented here show the expressive number of

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Table 1: Comparative list of bat species known to occur at the different vegetation formations in the “Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra das Almas” (SAR) and in the Ubajara National Park (PNU) (Silva et al. 2001). SPECIES Mormoopidae Pteronotus parnelli Phyllostomidae Anoura geoffroyi Artibeus fimbriatus Artibeus lituratus Artibeus planirostris Artibeus obscurus Carollia perspicillata Chiroderma villosum Desmodus rotundus Glossophaga soricina Lonchophylla sp. Phyllostomus discolor Phyllostomus hastatus Platyrrhinus lineatus Sturnira lilium Tonatia bidens Tonatia sp. Trachops cirrhosus Furipteridae Furipterus horrens Vespertilionidae Myotis sp. Molossidae Molossus molossus

VEGETATION SAR

PNU

carrasco / decidual forest

-

Caatinga / decidual forest Decidual forest Carrasco / decidual forest Decidual forest Carrasco / decidual forest Decidual forest Carrasco / decidual forest Caatinga / decidual forest Decidual forest Decidual forest Carrasco / decidual forest Decidual forest Decidual forest Decidual forest

Perennial tropical forest Perennial tropical forest Perennial tropical forest Perennial tropical forest Perennial tropical forest Vegetation transition (*) Perennial tropical forest Vegetation transition (*) Perennial tropical forest Vegetation transition (*) Perennial tropical forest Perennial tropical forest -

-

Vegetation transition (*)

Decidual forest

-

-

Perennial tropical forest

species found in this area and add new data on the biology of northwestern Brazilian chiropterans. The great predominance of frugivorous species may promote the maintenance of the vegetation cover due their role as seed dispersers (e.g. Aguirre, 2002). The carrasco region at SAR presented similar diversity when compared to the transition vegetation of perennial tropical forest and caatinga found in PNU (six and four species, respectively). In caatinga areas of SAR, only specimens of Anoura geoffroyi and Phyllostomus discolor were found, which characterizes those sites as low-diversity areas. This can be a consequence of the hard conditions in the dry period, and animals probably migrate to areas with better climate conditions and food supply. This hypothesis is corroborated by the fact that species collected in the caatinga were also collected in deciduous forest areas. The same fact occurred in PNU – caatinga areas had no collected specimen, however the deciduous forest had a great diversity. Regarding the reproductive activity we observed that bats were more reproductive during the dry season. Wilson (1979) hypothesized that the reproduction of bats in the northwestern Brazil would occur during the

rainy season. Willig et al. (1993) observed that at the cerrado incrustations within the caatinga the periods of pregnancy and lactation occurred during the dry season in frugivorous species; nectarivorous species were reproductive in the end of the dry season and along the rainy season; and hematophagous species reproduce along all the year. At PNU, Silva et al. (2001) observed reproductive specimens at the end of the dry season and at the beginning of the rainy season, corroborating Willig et al. (1993) on frugivorous species. However, in the southern portion of the Planalto da Ibiapaba (SAR) the reproduction of all species was observed mainly in the dry season. Finally, our data indicate reasonable diversity of chiropterans for the Planalto da Ibiapaba, an area that is still poorly known. Therefore, we reinforce the urgent need for more extensively studies in these regions of Brazil in order to provide a better understanding of the biology of bats and their ecological role in the unique ecosystems they contain. A better knowledge about such rich, but poorly known ecosystems is the best way to elaborate management strategies and to allow the preservation and protection of areas threatened by human impact such as those in northwestern Brazil.

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AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Museum of Natural History 50(4): 81-137.

We would like to express our gratitude to Associação Caatinga and The Nature Conservancy do Brasil for the invitation to conduct this study. We thank the Reserve Manager Antônio Cláudio C. Almeida and the field workers Weyder, Aureliano and Antônio. We also thank Dr. Anwar Janoo, who gently helped us with the english version of this manuscript.

REFERENCES

Silva S. S. P., P. G. Guedes, A. L. Peracchi. 2001. Levantamento preliminar dos morcegos do Parque Nacional de Ubajara (Mammalia, Chiroptera) Ceará, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 18(1): 139-144. Thomas O. 1910. On mamals collected in Ceará, N.E. Brazil, by Fräulein Dr. Snethlage. In: Annals and Magazine of History 8(6): 500 - 503.

Aguirre L. F. 2002. Structure of a Neotropical savanna bat community. Journal of Mammalogy 83(3):775784.

Uieda W., I. Sazima, A. Storti Filho 1980. Aspectos da biologia do morcego Furipterus horrens (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Furipteridae) Revista Brasileira de Biologia 40(1): 59-66.

Figueiredo M. A., F. S. Araujo, L.W. Lima-Verde & F.C.B. Pinto, 2000. Relatório de Avaliação Ecológica Rápida - Reserva de Serra das Almas, Crateús, Ceará, Brasil. The Nature Conservancy do Brasil. 50 p.

Willig M. R., R. C. Camilo & J. N. Susan. 1983. Dietary overlap in frugivorous and insectivorous bats from edaphic cerrado habitas of Brazil. Journal of Mammalogy 74(1): 117-128.

IBDF 1981. Plano de Manejo: Parque Nacional de Ubajara. Brasília, IBDF, 145 p.

Willig M. R. 1985. Reproductive patterns of bats from caatingas and cerrado biomes in northeast Brazil. Journal of Mammalogy 66(4): 668-681.

Koopman K. F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137-241. In Wilson D. E. & D. M. Reeder (eds.) 1993. Mammals Species of the World: Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 2nd.ed. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution. 1206 p.

Wilson D.E. 1979. Reproductive patterns. Pp. 317-378. In: R.J. Baker, J.K. Jones Jr., D.C. Carter, (eds.). Biology of bats of the New World Family Phyllostomatidae. Part. III. Special Publications The Museum Texas Tech University 16: 1- 441.

Mares M.A., M. R. Willig, K. E. Streilein & T. E. JR Larcher. 1981. The mammals of Northeastern Brazil: a preliminary assessment. Annals of the Carnegie

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Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

MURCIÉLAGOS EN AGROECOSISTEMAS CAFETEROS DE COLOMBIA John Harold Castaño1, Jorge E. Botero1, Susana Velásquez2 y Juan David Corrales2 1

Programa de Biología de la Conservación, Cenicafé, Chinchiná, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. 2 Universidad de Caldas, Programa Biología Tropical Andina, Manizales, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected].

Abstract - Bats In Coffee Agroecosystems of Colombia. Colombia has near 180 bat species and is the second richest country in bats at the world and first for all America. Of these species, 59% are in the Andean zone, where also most of the country socioeconomic activity is concentrated and where severe processes of natural habitat transformation happen. From October of 2002 until January of 2003, a bat study was made in eight localities of the Departments of Calda, Quindío and Risaralda. Altogether 807 individuals pertaining to 33 species of bats, 16 genus and four families were captured. Saccopteryx bilineata was in this study registered for the first time for the Colombian Andes. In spite of the high degree of human intervention, the coffee rural landscapes lodge an important number of species of bats and the abundance of frugivores and nectarivores indicate that the pollination and seed dispersion would be the more important environmental services that bats are offering in agroecosystems. Key words: Agroecosystems, Chiroptera, species richness, conservation, Saccopteryx bilineata.

INTRODUCCION Colombia, con cerca de 180 especies, se ubica como el segundo país más rico en murciélagos al nivel mundial y el primero para toda América (Alberico et al. 2000). De estas especies, 59% se encuentra en la zona andina, en donde también se concentra la mayor parte de la actividad socioeconómica del país y donde ocurren severos procesos de transformación del medio natural. Esta transformación reflejada en la deforestación y los cambios en los ecosistemas naturales ha afectado gravemente gran parte de la biota original (Kattan &

Álvarez-López 1999). Pese a esto, los mamíferos de la región andina cafetera no ha sido adecuadamente estudiados. Este estudio pretende contribuir con conocimiento de la fauna de murciélagos dos Departamentos de Caldas, Quindío y Risaralda, que se encuentran en la región andina cafetera.

MATERIAL Y METODOS De octubre de 2002 hasta enero de 2003, el Programa de Biología de la Conservación de Cenicafé realizó un estudio de murciélagos en ocho localidades de los Departamentos de Caldas, Quindío y Risaralda,

Tabla 1. Ubicación geográfica de las localidades muestreadas Localidad (Abreviatura)

Departamento

Municipio

Coordenada

Recinto del Pensamiento (Re)*

Caldas

Manizales

N05°02' W75°26’

2180

El Paraíso (Ep)*

Risaralda

Pereira

N04°44’ W75°39’

1750

Planalto (Pl)

Caldas

Manizales

N04°59’ W75°35’

1300-1600

La Romelia (Ro)

Caldas

Chinchiná

N04°58’ W75°40’

1320-1400

Naranjal (Na)

Caldas

Chinchiná

N04°59’ W75°39’

1320

La Catalina (Ca)

Risaralda

Pereira

N04°45’ W75°45’

1340

Paraguaicito (Pa)

Quindío

Buenavista

N04°23’ W75°44’

1250

Los Naranjos (Ln)*

Caldas

Manizales

N05°07’ W75°40’

920-940

* Estas localidades sin cultivo de café.

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Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

Tabla 2. Esfuerzo y éxito de captura de murciélagos en redes

Esfuerzo de Captura (horas-red) Individuos capturados Exito de captura(ind./hora-red) Especies encontradas

Re 75.75 34 0.45 8

Ep 69 30 0.44 8

Pl 147.7 176 1.19 12

Localidades Ro Na 123 85 25 84 0.20 0.99 7 10

Ca 147 78 0.53 8

Pa 132 140 1.06 7

Ln 87.25 240 2.75 21

Total 866.7 807 0.931 33

RE = Recinto del Pensamiento, EP = El Paraiso, PL = Planalto, RO = La Romelia, NA = Naranjal, CA = La Catalina, PA = Paraguaicito, LN = Los Naranjos.

Tabla 3. Porcentaje de capturas para los diferentes gremios tróficos en cada localidad Localidades Grêmio Frugívoro Nectarívoro Insectívoro Omnívoro Hematófago

Re 88.2 11.8 -

Ep 83.3 16.7 -

Pl 44.9 54.0 1.1 -

Ro 44.0 12.0 44.0 -

Na 64.3 23.8 4.8 7.1 -

Ca 71.8 19.2 6.4 2.6 -

Pa 30.0 63.6 6.4 -

Ln 66.3 15.0 12.9 3.7 2.1

RE = Recinto del Pensamiento, EP = El Paraiso, PL = Planalto, RO = La Romelia, NA = Naranjal, CA = La Catalina, PA = Paraguaicito, LN = Los Naranjos.

localizadas entre 920 y 2180 m de altura (tabla 1). Todas estas localidades estan inmersas en paisajes rurales de los Andes centrales colombianos, sobre la cuenca geográfica del Río Cauca, en la provincia Norandina (Hernández-Camacho et al. 1992). Las localidades estudiadas están conformadas por un mosaico de comunidades vegetales nativas y exóticas en diferentes estados de desarrollo y composición, que comprenden cafetales a libre exposición y a la sombra, plantaciones forestales, pasturas, rastrojos, fragmentos de bosques secundarios y jardines. Tres localidades no presentaron cultivos de café. Para capturar los murciélagos usamos de cuatro a seis redes de niebla de 2.6 m de altura y 6 ó 12 m de largo. Las redes permanecieron abiertas desde las 17:00 hasta las 22:00 horas (tabla 2) y fueron ubicadas en diferentes hábitats. Los murciélagos capturados se identificaron en campo con la ayuda de claves dicotómicas (Alberico claves sin publicar, Fernández et al.1988, Emmons 1997) y se liberaron en el sitio de captura. También colectamos y preparamos a manera de piel y cráneo (Hall 1996) especimenes para su identificación. Éstos fueron depositados en el Museo de Historia Natural Universidad de Caldas (MHNUC 264-366) y el Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional (ICN

16749-51).

RESULTADOS Y DISCUSSION En total capturamos 807 individuos pertenecientes a 33 especies de murciélagos, 16 géneros y cuatro familias (tabla 4), de las cuales sobresale la familia Phyllostomidae con 23 especies en seis subfamilias. El número de especies por localidad varió entre 7 y 21 (10.1 especies en promedio). De acuerdo al número total de capturas, el murciélago nectarívoro Glossophaga soricina fue la especie más abundante, alcanzando el 30% de las capturas. Otras especies comunes fueron los murciélagos frugívoros Carollia perspicillata (15%), Artibeus lituratus (14.1%) y Artibeus jamaicensis (13.1%). A. lituratus estuvo presente en todas las localidades; G. soricina y A. jamaicensis en 7 de ellas; C. perspicillata en 6 localidades, Sturnira lilium en 5 localidades. Quince especies estuvieron presentes en sólo una localidad. En este estudio se colectaron por primera vez para el departamento de Caldas los murciélagos Choeroniscus godmani, Platyrrhinus brachycephalus, Myotis albescens, Myotis riparius, Sturnira aratathomasi y Saccopteryx bilineata. Este último además fue el primer espécimen colectado para los Andes colombianos (Castaño et al.

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Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

Tabla 4. Especies y número de individuos capturados por localidad amostrada.

Espécie Familia Emballonuridae Peropteryx kappleri Saccopteryx bilineata

Re

Ep

Pl

Localidades Ro Na

Familia Phyllostomidae Subfamilia Phyllostominae Mimon crenulatum Phyllostomus discolor Subfamília Glossophaginae Anoura caudifera Glossophaga longirostris Glossophaga soricina Choeroniscus godmani Subfamília Carollinae Carollia brevicauda Carollia castanea Carollia perspicillata Subfamília Sturnirinae Sturnira aratathomasi Sturnira erythromos Sturnira lilium Sturnira ludovici Subfamilia Stenodermatinae Artibeus glaucus Artibeus jamaicensis Artibeus lituratus Artibeus phaeotis Platyrrhinus brachycephalus Platyrrhinus dorsalis Platyrrhinus helleri Platyrrhinus vittatus Uroderma bilobatum

6 4

15

3 1 1

7

11 83 1 7 1 56

3

20

2

1 21

Ca

2

13 2

11

Pa

9

88 1

9

Total

3 1

3 1

13 9

13 26

34 2

7 12 242 6

22

29 2 121

1 1 5

21

1

3

3

3 1

5 4

31 13

8 22

50 58 4

5

2

3 7 1

2 10 1

7 5

10 5

5

1 1 2 1 1

14 1 5 2 1

1

1 2 10 807

1 12 2

Familia Vespertilionidae Eptesicus brasiliensis Myotis albescens Myotis nigricans Myotis riparius Rhogeessa tumida

8 1 1

1

5 1

2 34

30

176

25

3 84

78

140

1 1 33 3 7 106 114 5 1 2 12 9 10

2

Subfamilia Desmodontinae Desmodus rotundus

Familia Molossidae Molossus ater Molossus bondae Molossus molossus Total especímens

Ln

7 240

RE = Recinto del Pensamiento, EP = El Paraiso, PL = Planalto, RO = La Romelia, NA = Naranjal, CA = La Catalina, PA = Paraguaicito, LN = Los Naranjos.

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Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

2003).

REFERENCIAS

Los gremios de frugívoros y nectarívoros fueron registrados en todas las localidades, insectívoros en cinco, omnívoros en cuatro y hematófagos solamente en una. En general este estudio muestra el patrón: frugívoros > nectarívoros > insectívoros. Sin embargo tres localidades se salen de esta tendencia. Planalto y Paraguaicito presentaron porcentajes más altos de nectarívoros, 54% y 63.6% respectivamente, sin embargo desconocemos las razones. La Romelia presentó el mismo porcentaje de frugívoros e insectívoros y un porcentaje menor de nectarívoros. En esta localidad el paisaje estuvo dominado por pasturas y zonas abiertas.

Alberico M., A. Cadena, J. Hernández-Camacho & Y. Muñoz-Saba. 2000. Mamíferos (Synapsida: Theria) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 1(1):43–75.

A pesar del alto grado de intervención, los paisajes rurales cafeteros albergan un importante número de especies de murciélagos. Estudios posteriores del programa de Biología de la Conservación de Cenicafé han demostrado que la riqueza de especies de la zona cafetera colombiana es mayor (J. H. Castaño com. pers). La abundancia de frugívoros y nectarívoros indican que la dispersión de semillas y la polinización serían los servicios ambientales más importantes que están brindando los murciélagos en los agroecosistemas cafeteros. Este es uno de los primeros estudios de las comunidades de murciélagos de zonas cafeteras colombianas y representa una información base para el desarrollo de planes de conservación y manejo de la biodiversidad en estas regiones rurales.

AGRADECIMIENTOS

Castaño J. H., Y. Muñoz-Saba, J. E. Botero &. J. H. Vélez. 2003. Mamíferos del departamento de CaldasColombia. Biota Colombiana 4(2):247-259. Emmons L. H. & F. Feer. 1997. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals. Sec Ed. University of Chicago Press. 307 p. Fernández A., R. Guerrero, R. Lord, J. Ochoa & G. Ulloa. 1988. Mamíferos de Venezuela lista y claves para su identificación. Maracay, Universidad Central de Venezuela. 185 p. Hall E. R. 1996. Collecting and preparing study specimens of vertebrates. University of Kansas Publications. Museum of Natural History. 46 p. Hernández-Camacho J., A. Hurtado-Guerra, R. OrtizQuijano & T. H. Walscburger. 1992. Unidades biogeográficas de Colombia. Pp: 105-152. In Halffter G. (comp). Acta Zoológica Mexicana. La diversidad biológica de Iberoamérica. Xalapa, México. 389 p. Kattan G. H. & H. Álvarez-López. 1996. Preservation and mangment of biodiversity in fragmented landscapes in the Colombian Andes. Pp: 3-18. In Scelhas, J. & Greenberg, R. (eds.). Forest patches in tropical landscapes. Washington, D.C. Covelo, California. 426 p.

A Colciencias y al Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo por el apoyo económico. A Cenicafé por el apoyo logístico. A Yaneth Muñoz por la colaboracion en la identificación de los especímenes. A Juan David Franco y Néstor Roncancio por la colaboración en el campo.

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Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

FIRST RECORD OF ALBINISM IN THE BAT EUMOPS GLAUCINUS (MOLOSSIDAE) FROM SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL Miriam M. Sodre1, Wilson Uieda2 and Marisa Baldim3 1

Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de São Paulo, Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, Rua Santa Eulália, 86, 02031-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. E-mails: [email protected] e [email protected] 3 Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Campinas, Rua das Sapucaias, s/n, Vila Boa Vista, 13064-742 Campinas, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT. Complete or true albinism is a rare phenomenon in bats and is characterized by complete lack of melanin, so that the skin is pale, fur is white, and eyes are red. Among all known occurrences, three species and ten individuals are members of the family Molossidae, and no reference was found for the genus Eumops. Herein we are describing the first case of true albinism in Eumops glaucinus. Our work increases to 40 the list of bat species with albinism, and to at least 67 the number of albino specimens recorded in the literature Key words: Albinism, Brazil, Eumops glaucinus, harem, Molossidae.

Complete or true albinism is a rare phenomenon in bats (e.g. Allen 1939, Herreid & Davis 1960, Quay 1970, Buchanan 1985, Uieda 2000), and is characterized by complete lack of melanin, so that the skin is pale, fur is white, and eyes are red (Quay 1970).

left outside a building, near downtown Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The bat was preserved in alcohol 70% and included as voucher specimen in the bat collection of the “Laboratório de Quirópteros do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de São Paulo” (no 544/00).

In his recent review of complete albinism in bats Uieda (2000) found records of at least 64 individuals of 38 species and eight families around the world. We found two more cases of albino bats in the literature, which were not listed by Uieda (2000). One of them is another case in Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831) from Canada (Brigham & James 1993), increasing the number of cases to four in this vespertilionid species. The other albino individual was recorded in Rhinoplylla pumilio Peters 1865, from French Guyana (Charles-Dominique et al. 2001). This albino bat was just photographed while roosting together with three other normally colored individuals in a tent roost (a leaf of Astrocaryum sciophilum - Arecaceae), and was the first case of albinism in this phyllostomid species, representing the second one for foliage-roosting species (see Uieda 2000). Among all occurrences, three species and ten individuals were members of the family Molossidae, and no reference was found in the genus Eumops. In their review of Eumops glaucinus (Wagner, 1843), Best et al. (1997) did not make any reference to albinism in this species. Therefore, in the present work, we are describing the first case of true albinism in E. glaucinus.

The albino bat had white skin and fur, and red eyes, as expected for any true albino animal in the literature (Quay 1970). Eumops glaucinus is known to live in small colonies located in urban buildings, palms and hollow trees (Best et al. 1997). In urban areas of São Paulo city, E. glaucinus was already found roosting in roofs and building joints (M.M. Sodre, unpublished data). In Campinas, Sazima & Uieda (1977) found E. glaucinus roosting only in roofs. According to health technicians from Campinas, it was not possible to find the colony of this albino bat after a complete search around its place of capture. The health technicians received no further information and/or complaints. Laboratorial examinations of this bat were negative for rabies infection (immunofluorescence and biological tests).

The young male albino bat observed was found alive during daytime on the 6th January 2000, inside a shoe

The fact that this albino bat was found outside its roost could have two explanations: 1) The young male did not find the entrance to its roost or the flyway back home, and it fell down on the floor and hid inside a shoe. During the summer, several young males of other molossid bats were frequently found on the floor after their night activities (Funasa 1996). 2) The young bat was expelled from the colony by the dominant male, and did not find another roost. According to Best et al.

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Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

(1997), a normal colony of E. glaucinus consists of a male and its harem; therefore this male (dominant) puts out every other male, including juveniles.

Charles-Dominique P., A. Brosset & S. Jouard. 2001. Atlas des chauves-souris de Guyane. Patrimoines Naturales 49: 1-172.

Our work increases to 40 the list of bat species with albinism, and to at least 67 the number of albino specimens recorded in the literature.

Funasa - Fundação Nacional de Saúde 1996. Morcegos em áreas urbanas e rurais: manual de manejo e controle. A. Bredt. (ed.).Brasília. 117p.

REFERENCES

Herreid C. F. II & R.B. Davis. 1960. Frequency and placement of white fur on free-tailed bats. Journal of Mammalogy 41: 117-119.

Allen G.M. 1939. Bats. New York, Dover Publ., 368p. Best T.L., Kiser, W.M. & Rainey, J.C. 1997. Eumops glaucinus. Mammalian Species 551: 1-6. Brigham M. & A. K. James. 1993. A true albino little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, from Saskatchewan. Blue Jay 51(4): 213-214. Buchanan G. D. 1985. Comments on frequency of melanism in Myotis lucifugus. Journal of Mammalogy 66: 178.

Quay W.B. 1970. Integument and derivatives. Pp. 1-56. In W. A. Wimsatt (ed.) Biology of bats. Vol. II, New York, Academic Press, 477p. Sazima I. & W. Uieda 1977. O morcego Promops nasutus no sudeste brasileiro (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Ciência e Cultura 29(3): 312-314. Uieda W. 2000. A review of complete albinism in bats with five new cases from Brazil. Acta Chiropterologica 2(1): 97-105.

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OBITUARY Valdir Antonio Taddei, a leading bat biologist widely recognized for his papers in reproduction and bat systematics, has passed away at the age of 62. He taught at the State of São Paulo University (UNESP), where he became professor of zoology, and curator of a key collection of Brazilian bats, which he assembled. He remained active in research until his death on August 8, 2004. He died peacefully at his home in São José do Rio Preto, southeastern Brazil, victim of lung cancer. His graduation work in bat reproduction is still a major reference, to which he added several publications related to systematics, and lately, genetics of the group. Currently he was coordinating the undergraduate program in environment and regional development, focusing on the subject area of biodiversity and sustainable development of the Pantanal, at the Uniderp University, in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. As a bat specialist in Brazil he was sought by a great number of Brazilian researchers in this area. His courtesy and kindness, as well as a frank, open and generous attitude made him very well liked by all. In recognition of an outstanding contribution in chiropteran studies in Brazil he received honors, in 1989, during the 11th International Bat Research Conference.

Ludmilla M.S. Aguiar Embrapa Cerrados

Albert Ditchfield Federal University of Espírito Santo

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Chiroptera Neotropical, 10(1-2), December 2004

CHIROPTERA NEOTROPICAL Contributions We would be most grateful if you could send us information on projects, research groups, events (congresses, symposia, and workshops), recent publications, activities of bat societies and NGOs, news items or opinions of recent events and suchlike, either in the form of manuscripts (double-spaced) or in diskettes for PC compatible text-editors (MS-Word or RTF files). Articles, not exceeding six pages, can include small black-and-white photographs, figures, maps, tables and references, but please keep them to a minimum.

Please send contributions to the editors: Ludmilla M. de S. Aguiar Ludmilla Aguiar - Editor BR 020 km 18 P.O. Box 08223 EMBRAPA Cerrados 73310-970 - Planaltina - DF - Brazil [email protected]

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