Metodología docente para la formación de periodistas en el contexto de la convergencia de medios

/DV0HGLD(QWHUSULVHV\ODV,QGXVWULDV&XOWXUDOHV ,QYHVWLJDUOD&RPXQLFDFLyQ\ORV1XHYRV0HGLRV

!

Metodología docente para la formación de periodistas en el contexto de la convergencia de medios  ,UHQHGD5RFKD)RUW 0DUWD1DUEHUKDXV0DUWtQH] 8QLYHUVLWDW3RPSHX)DEUD (VSDxD  CURRICULUM VITAE ,UHQH GD 5RFKD )RUW /LFHQFLDGD HQ &RPXQLFDFLyQ DXGLRYLVXDO \ HQ 3XEOLFLGDG \ UHODFLRQHV S~EOLFDV 0iVWHU RILFLDO HQ 7HFQRORJtD HGXFDWLYD HOHDUQLQJ \ JHVWLyQ GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR \ 'LSORPD GH HVWXGLRV DYDQ]DGRV HQ &RPXQLFDFLyQ S~EOLFD 6X iPELWR GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ VH FHQWUDHQODFRQYHUJHQFLDGHPHGLRVODLQWHJUDFLyQGHUHGDFFLRQHVPXOWLPHGLDHLQQRYDFLyQ GRFHQWH $FWXDOPHQWH HV GRFHQWH GH OD 8QLYHUVLWDW 3RPSHX )DEUD GH OD DVLJQDWXUD ³7DOOHU LQWHJUDGRGHSHULRGLVPR´GHO*UDGRHQ3HULRGLVPR\GHOD8QLYHUVLWDW2EHUWDGH&DWDOXQ\DGH OD DVLJQDWXUD ³,QWURGXFFLyQ D OHV FRPSHWHQFLDV 7,&´ GHO *UDGR GH 5HODFLRQHV ODERUDOHV \ RFXSDFLyQ(OREWXYRHO3UHPLRDODLQQRYDFLyQLH[FHOHQFLDGRFHQWHGHJUDGRRWRUJDGR SRUHO&RQVHOO6RFLDOGHOD8QLYHUVLWDW3RPSHX)DEUD 0DUWD1DUEHUKDXV0DUWtQH]/LFHQFLDGDHQ+LVWRULDGHO$UWH\3HULRGLVPR\0jVWHUHQ(VWXGLRV $YDQ]DGRV HQ &RPXQLFDFLyQ 6RFLDO $QWHV GH LQLFLDU OD FDUUHUD DFDGpPLFD KD WUDEDMDGR HQ GLIHUHQWHV PHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQUDGLRWHOHYLVLyQSUHQVDHVFULWDHLQWHUQHW  $FWXDOPHQWH FRPELQDODLQYHVWLJDFLyQSDUDODWHVLVGRFWRUDO\ODGRFHQFLDFRQODFRODERUDFLyQRFDVLRQDOHQ PHGLRVORFDOHV/tQHDVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQpWLFD\SHULRGLVPRFDOLGDGLSURGXFFLyQLQIRUPDWLYD HQPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ\WHOHYLVLyQLQIDQWLO'RFHQFLDLPSDUWLGDHQODVDVLJQDWXUDV7DOOHU \ 5HGDFFLyQ GH 3UHQVD ž /LFHQFLDWXUD HQ 3HULRGLVPR  3UDFWLFXP ž /LFHQFLDWXUD HQ 3HULRGLVPR  7DOOHU ,QWHJUDGR GH 3HULRGLVPR ž *UDGR HQ 3HULRGLVPR  \ )XQGDPHQWRV GHO 3HULRGLVPRž*UDGRHQ3HULRGLVPR   RESUMEN &RQ OD UHYROXFLyQ GHO HFRVLVWHPD GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ ODV XQLYHUVLGDGHV GHEHQ DGDSWDU VX FXUUtFXOXP D OD QXHYD UHDOLGDG \ DGHPiV SURPRYHU HL QYHVWLJDU ODV QXHYDV GLQiPLFDV GH ODV UHGDFFLRQHVTXHD\XGDUDQDIRUPDUXQDQXHYDJHQHUDFLyQGHSHULRGLVWDVHMHUFLWDGRVGHEDVHHQ ODPXOWLPHGLDOLGDGODKLSHUWH[WXDOLGDG\ODLQWHUDFWLYLGDG8QDUHGDFFLyQLQWHJUDGDVHFRQVLGHUD DTXHOOD FDSD] GH QXWULU GH FRQWHQLGRV D GRV RP iV PHGLRV PHGLDQWH XQD ~QLFD XQLGDG GH SURGXFFLyQ(OFRQFHSWRGHUHGDFFLyQLQWHJUDGDVHHVWiGHEDWLHQGRHQHOFRQWH[WRFRPXQLFDWLYR DFWXDO HVSHFLDOPHQWH SRU HO PLHGR DT XH HVWD IRUPD GH WUDEDMR SXHGD JHQHUDU XQD HVSHFLH GH SHULRGLVWDRUTXHVWDSHULRGLVWDPyYLOSHULRGLVWDPRFKLODTXHVHSHUFLEHGHIRUPDQHJDWLYD HQODSURIHVLyQ/DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVSRVLWLYDVGHOFRQFHSWRVLQHPEDUJRGHVFULEHQXQSHULRGLVWD SROLYDOHQWH TXH SXHGH SDUWLFLSDU HQ XQD SURGXFFLyQ LQWHJUDGD \XQD  GLVWULEXFLyQ PXOWLSODWDIRUPD HOHPHQWRV FODYHV HQ PXFKRV JUXSRV PHGLiWLFRV DFWXDOHV 3DUD HOOR OD 8QLYHUVLWDW3RPSHX)DEUDKDGHVDUUROODGRODDVLJQDWXUD7DOOHU,QWHJUDGRGH3HULRGLVPRGH FUpGLWRV(&76TXHTXLHUHGDUUHVSXHVWDDHVWDVQHFHVLGDGHV (VWDFRPXQLFDFLyQSUHWHQGHPRVWUDUXQDPHWRGRORJtDGRFHQWHSDUDIRUPDUSHULRGLVWDVFDSDFHV GHWUDEDMDUGHIRUPDLQWHJUDGD\TXHWHQJDQHQFXHQWDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFODYHGHODFRQYHUJHQFLD GHPHGLRVFRPRODFRPXQLFDFLyQWUDQVPHGLiWLFDRODVDXGLHQFLDVDFWLYDV7UHVHMHVVHXQHQDOD LQWHJUDFLyQ GH PHGLRV SDUD GHVDUUROODU HVWH PRGHOR GRFHQWH LQQRYDGRU OD VLPXODFLyQ SURIHVLRQDOHOYtQFXORFRQHPSUHVDVPHGLiWLFDV\ODLQWHUQDFLRQDOL]DFLyQ  ABSTRACT :LWK WKH UHYROXWLRQ RI FRPPXQLFDWLRQ HFRV\VWHP XQLYHUVLWLHV PXVW DGDSW WKHLU FXUULFXOXP WR WKH QHZ UHDOLW\ DQG DOVR SURPRWLQJ DQG UHVHDUFKLQJ RQ QHZ G\QDPLFV RI QHZVURRPV WR KHOS WUDLQLQJ D QHZ JHQHUDWLRQ RI MRXUQDOLVWV EDVHG RQ FRQFHSWV OLNH PXOWLPHGLD K\SHUWH[W DQG LQWHUDFWLYLW\$QLQWHJUDWHGQHZVURRPLVFRQVLGHUHGRQHFDSDEOHRIQRXULVKLQJFRQWHQWRIWZR RUPRUHPHGLDWKURXJKDVLQJOHSURGXFWLRQXQLW7KHFRQFHSWRILQWHJUDWHGQHZVURRPLVEHLQJ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""! #$%&'!()!*+,*-!().!///!0'12&)-'!/1,)&1*+$'1*.!0'341$+*+$51!678!!9!!/:;?@A@BACDCAB@8BA?!

! !

6B8!

/DV0HGLD(QWHUSULVHV\ODV,QGXVWULDV&XOWXUDOHV ,QYHVWLJDUOD&RPXQLFDFLyQ\ORV1XHYRV0HGLRV

!

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yQLQWHJUDGDVLPXODFLyQSURIHVLRQDOPHWRGRORJtD GRFHQWH  KEY WORDS -RXUQDOLVPPHGLDFRQYHUJHQFHLQWHJUDWHGQHZVURRPVLPXODWLRQWUDLQLQJWHDFKLQJ PHWKRGRORJ\

   1. Introducción (VWDPRVVLHQGRWHVWLJRVGHFyPRODLQWURGXFFLyQGHLQWHUQHWHQQXHVWUDVYLGDVKDVXSXHVWR XQ FDPELR TXH KD UHYROXFLRQDGR OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ /D VLWXDFLyQ DFWXDO HV IUXWR GH XQ SURFHVR HYROXWLYRGHVDUUROODGRDORODUJRGHORV~OWLPRVYHLQWHDxRV'HVGHHODFFHVRPDVLYRGHLQWHUQHW HQ ORV KRJDUHV VH KD WUDQVIRUPDGR WDQWR OD IRUPD HQ TXH QRV LQIRUPDPRV FyPR QRV FRPXQLFDPRV\VHKDQJHQHUDGRQXHYRVPRGHORVGHQHJRFLRDOUHGHGRUGHODLQIRUPDFLyQ/DV HPSUHVDV SHULRGtVWLFDV HVWiQ UHGLVHxDQGR VXV HVWUXFWXUDV ODV UXWLQDV GH SURGXFFLyQ R ODV IyUPXODVGHQHJRFLR7RGRFRQHOILQGHUHYDORUL]DUVHDQWHORVFRQVXPLGRUHV\UHVSRQGHUDORV UHWRV GH OD HFRQRPtD GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR /D VRFLHGDG DFWXDO GHVFULWD FRPR VRFLHGDG UHG &DVWHOOV \ORVMyYHQHVTXHODIRUPDQFRQRFLGRVFRPRQDWLYRVGLJLWDOHVRLSHUVRQV IRUPDQ SDUWH GH XQD JHQHUDFLyQ TXH VH FDUDFWHUL]D SRU KDEHU FUHFLGR URGHDGD GH WHFQRORJtD GLJLWDOLQFRUSRUiQGRODHQVXGtDDGtDGHIRUPDQDWXUDO/RVTXHDKRUDPLVPRHVWiQHVWXGLDQGR VHHQFRQWUDUiQFXDQGRDFDEHQODFDUUHUDTXHHOSDQRUDPDVHUiPX\GLIHUHQWHDOTXHKDEtDKDFH GLH]DxRV8QQXHYRHQWRUQRTXHUHTXLHUHDSUR[LPDFLRQHVLQQRYDGRUDVTXHFRPSOHPHQWHQORV HOHPHQWRV HGXFDWLYRV \ VRFLDOHV TXH ORV WHQGUiQ TXH D\XGDU FRQ OD WUDQVLFLyQ KDFLD HO PXQGR ODERUDO  /D VLPELRVLV HQWUH ORV PHGLRV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ PDVLYRV \ OD WHFQRORJtD GH LQWHUQHW GHULYD KDFLD XQD VHULH GH QXHYDV FRQFHSFLRQHV WHUPLQROyJLFDV HVWUXFWXUDOHV \ IXQFLRQDOHV GHO SHULRGLVPR TXH HVWiQ FRQILJXUDQGR XQD QXHYD YHUWLHQWH FRQWHPSRUiQHD HO SHULRGLVPR LQWHJUDGR TXH HPDQD GH ODV VLQHUJLDV SURGXFLGDV HQWUH FRPXQLFDFLyQ \ WHFQRORJtD (Q OD DFWXDOLGDGH[LVWHXQQRWDEOHFRQVHQVRHQFRQFHELUODFRQYHUJHQFLDPHGLiWLFDFRPRXQIHQyPHQR VLVWpPLFR 7HQHU VX FRPSUHQVLyQ WRWDO H[LJH FRQVLGHUDU QR VyOR ORV DVSHFWRV SXUDPHQWH LQVWUXPHQWDOHVVLQRWDPELpQRWURViPELWRVFRPRHOFRQWH[WRRHOHQWRUQRVRFLDOTXHORFLUFXQGD