Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship succesful application - HumanScapes - H. Orengo

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PEOPLE MARIE CURIE ACTIONS Intra-European Fellowships (IEF) Call: FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF

PART B

“HumanScapes”

THE ORIGINS OF INTENSIVE PASTORALISM AND THE CREATION OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES IN NORTH-EASTERN SPAIN

HumanScapes

Part B - Table of Contents

B1. RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY (MAXIMUM 8 PAGES) B1.1. RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY, INCLUDING ANY INTERDISCIPLINARY AND

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MULTIDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF THE PROPOSAL B1.2. APPROPRIATENESS OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH B1.3. ORIGINALITY AND INNOVATIVE NATURE OF THE PROJECT, AND RELATIONSHIP TO THE 'STATE OF THE ART' OR RESEARCH IN THE FIELD B1.4. TIMELINESS AND RELEVANCE OF THE PROJECT B1.5. HOST RESEARCH EXPERTISE IN THE FIELD B1.6. QUALITY OF THE GROUP/SCIENTIST IN CHARGE

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Bibliography B2 TRAINING (MAXIMUM 2 PAGES) B2.1. CLARITY AND QUALITY OF THE RESEARCH TRAINING OBJECTIVES FOR THE RESEARCHER B2.2. RELEVANCE AND QUALITY OF ADDITIONAL RESEARCH TRAINING AS WELL AS OF

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TRANSFERABLE SKILLS OFFERED B2.3. MEASURES TAKEN BY THE HOST FOR PROVIDING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE MENTORING/TUTORING

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B3 RESEARCHER (MAXIMUM 7 PAGES INCLUDES CV AND A LIST OF MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS) B3.1 RESEARCH EXPERIENCE B3.2 RESEARCH RESULTS B3.3 INDEPENDENT THINKING AND LEADERSHIP QUALITIES B3.4 MATCH BETWEEN THE FELLOW’S PROFILE AND PROJECT B3.5. POTENTIAL FOR REACHING A POSITION OF PROFESSIONAL MATURITY B3.6. POTENTIAL TO ACQUIRE NEW KNOWLEDGE List of three main achievements

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B4 IMPLEMENTATION (MAXIMUM 6 PAGES) B4.1. QUALITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE/FACILITIES AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS OF HOST B4.2. PRACTICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT B4.3. FEASIBILITY AND CREDIBILITY OF THE PROJECT, INCLUDING WORK PLAN B4.4. PRACTICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS AND SUPPORT FOR THE HOSTING OF THE FELLOW B4.5. PRODUCTS/REPORTING OF THE PROJECT

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B5 IMPACT (MAXIMUM 4 PAGES) B5.1 POTENTIAL OF ACQUIRING COMPETENCIES B5.2 CONTRIBUTION TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT B5.3 CONTRIBUTION TO EUROPEAN COMPETENCE AND EUROPEAN COMPETITIVENESS B5.4 BENEFIT OF THE MOBILITY TO THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA B5.5 IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED OUTREACH ACTIVITIES

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B6 ETHICS ISSUES (No page limit) ETHICS ISSUES TABLE

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B1. Research and Technological Quality (maximum 8 pages) B1.1 Research and technological quality, including any interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary aspects of the proposal State of the art The shaping of cultural landscapes has been studied by adopting many research approaches. The human factor has generally been acknowledged as being a primary agent of landscape change during the Holocene while, conversely, natural processes in many instances have also been identified as determining socio-cultural changes. Numerous studies, however, have shown that these processes are complementary in nature, acknowledging the dual and reciprocal interaction between humans and the environment they inhabit (Ayala and French 2005). Landscape change is often irreversible. Some human activities, such as intensive herding or farming, quarrying or mining can involve processes of major vegetation change, erosion or the loss of soil nutrients that are very difficult, if not impossible, to reverse (Thornes 1987). Mountainous areas have frequently been identified as environments significantly affected by human activities (Ejarque et al. 2009, 2010; Ejarque and Orengo 2009). Several ecological factors, such as their steep slopes, high precipitation or low quality soils, have played an active role in this characterisation. Mountain environments are highly sensitive to human impact (especially erosive processes), as pointed out by numerous international organisations and, particularly, by the special Mountain Chapter in the United Nations Agenda 21, “Managing Fragile Ecosystems - Mountain Sustainable Development”. Pastoralism has played a decisive role in this human shaping of mountain landscapes. High mountain anthropogenic deforestation episodes, the purpose of which was to create and maintain pastoral grasslands, have been documented since the Middle Neolithic (Orengo 2010). Although these deforestation episodes have been attributed to small-scale, local pastoral activity of restricted impact, they triggered lasting landscape changes (Ejarque 2009), proving the importance of pastoralism in the shaping of mountain cultural landscapes. One of the most important expressions of intensive pastoralism is the development of transhumance. Long-distance seasonal transhumance, involving movement of flocks and herders between upland summer and lowland winter pastures, is known from the recent past in many parts of the Mediterranean and, as many studies have indicated, has contributed substantially to the shaping of Mediterranean cultural landscapes (Barker 1995, Orengo et al. 2008). However, understanding of the ecological and cultural causes and consequences of Mediterranean transhumant pastoralism is limited due to firstly, a traditionally narrow research approach lacking integrated multidisciplinary studies, and secondly, to disputes regarding its antiquity. Some researchers argue that pastoral transhumance first developed in later prehistory, while others regard the emergence of market economies as a precondition (e.g. Cherry 1988, Halstead 1987, 1991, 1996). Halstead and Lewthwaite also regard large-scale deforestation, followed by development of grassland in upland areas, as a precondition for long-distance pastoral transhumance. In this respect, understanding the origin of pastoral transhumance means understanding the origin of Mediterranean mountain cultural landscapes. Research objectives Background to the project: The Garraf Massif (Baix Llobregat, north-eastern Spain) is a mountainous coastal region designated a Natural Park. Centuries of uninterrupted human occupation together with frequent wild fires have transformed this calcareous and highly karstic Mediterranean massif to an eroded landscape where shrub vegetation is dominant. The research area concentrates on a small upland zone of around 30 km2 at a height of about 500 m.a.s.l. (figure 1). Lack of water, highly precipitous slopes, and dramatic erosive processes characterise the extreme natural setting of the study area. Although the Garraf Massif has the administrative status of a Natural Park, its long-term human exploitation qualifies this area as a singularly important cultural landscape. The importance of sheep and goat herding activities in the Garraf Massif has been identified at Can Sadurní cave for the Neolithic through to the Roman period (Edo et al. 1986, 35). Regional palynological records (Riera 2003) and local and regional charcoal analyses from caves are suggestive of a process of forest degradation affecting the Garraf Massif throughout this broad period. Human activity (agricultural and livestock grazing) has been Part B - page 3 of 31

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acknowledged as an important driving force behind this process (Riera 2003; Riera 2005; Riera and Esteban 1994).

Figure 1. Location of the study area

In support of this hypothesis, discussion has centred on the cultural and chronological ascription of large dry stone enclosures found on some of the Garraf’s ridges. Ceramics from the seventh century BC have been excavated at one of them, suggesting the possible earlier development and use of these structures (Cebrià et al. 2003, 315–316). Also, preliminary surveys at the Puig de la Mola enclosure (2.29 ha) have revealed Iron Age Iberian (sixth to first century BC) ceramics (Miret and Miret 1981, 190-1), which indicates the existence of important livestock economies in the study area and its surroundings during the Iberian period, when settlements are well documented across the Garraf Massif (Miret 2003). The proximity of the enclosures to Iberian settlements together with their link to transit routes (documented in the medieval period as transhumance routes) implies simultaneous and complementary occupation. Accordingly, it would seem that this area might well have been heavily traversed and integrated within regional and local herding management at this early stage. Research aims: This project is designed to address two groups of long-standing research questions on the origin of cultural landscapes and the role of large-scale pastoralism and transhumance: 1. Human-environment interactions-related questions such as to what degree is large-scale pastoralism related to the first large-scale human modifications of Mediterranean landscapes: are large-scale deforestation and development of grassland in upland areas a precondition for long-distance pastoral transhumance or are they, on the contrary, a consequence of large-scale pastoralism? 2. Temporal and cultural questions such as when these large-scale pastoral-related impacts are documented for the first time and to which extent are these related to the emergence of market economies, considered by Halstead and other researchers as a prerequisite for large-scale pastoralism. Relevance of the chosen study case: In this respect the study area offers a unique combination of factors, rendering it ideally suited to approach these questions: several large (2.29 to 3.9 ha) Iron Age livestock enclosures have been found within this area; it lies within short distance to several important Iron Age settlements to which pastoral activities can be related; it is relatively close to littoral wetland areas that may have been used as grazing areas; it has soils with low acidity that allow the preservation of biological remains in archaeological contexts; abundant published palynological records and zooarchaeological reports referring to the study area are available; sedimentary cones cut up by deep gorges facilitate the study of the erosive history of the area. As such, the Garraf Massif offers a unique opportunity for comparison with the results obtained by the applicant in the high mountain Pyrenees in the course of his Part B - page 4 of 31

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PhD research. Coastal low mountain systems, largely overlooked so far, offer a rare and ideal study area of early intensive pastoralism owing to their combination of human settlement, littoral wetlands and altitude grazing lands. Objectives: The research objectives build upon the results of previous studies and interpret them within the general framework outlined above with a novel approach: RO1. To identify all surviving and visible enclosures in the Garraf Massif. The large size, typology, location and associated materials of those already attested hint at their association with the long term pastoral history of this area, also rendering them unique archaeological elements since no similar structures have been documented elsewhere. Locating all these unique elements is therefore essential not only to their further study but also to ensure their conservation and cultural management. Their systematic cataloguing will be indispensable to obtain a complete picture of pastoral activities in the area. RO2. To date the enclosures located in the Garraf Massif. Preliminary ceramic typological analysis suggests possible protohistoric use. The accurate radiocarbon dating of archaeological occupation levels will be essential in obtaining a much-needed chronology for these enclosures. Precise dates for their construction and use will enable their meaningful historical and cultural contextualisation. It will also allow analysis of their landscape impact in relation to existing palaeoenvironmental data. Confirmation of a protohistoric origin for these structures will provide new evidence on the origins of transhumant pastoralism and the first large-scale shaping of mountain cultural landscapes in North-Eastern Spain. RO3. To investigate the potential function(s) of the enclosures in relation to pastoral practices. These enclosures are indicative of clearly large-scale pastoral activity. However, pastoral practices are diversified and complex and, consequently, can have variable landscape impact. Therefore, it is important to define the type of pastoral practices linked to the development of the Garraf Massif enclosures. RO4. To relate the use of the enclosures to landscape changes as represented by phases of deforestation and landscape erosion. This is key to understanding the role of pastoralism in the development of cultural landscapes, both in general and for the Garraf in particular. RO5. To place evidence of pastoralism into a wider historical context. Relating any development of pastoral specialisation to development of lowland towns and trade will be essential in order to test widely discussed theories on the advent of transhumant pastoralism (e.g. Cherry 1988, Halstead 1987, 1991, 1996). B1.2. Appropriateness of research methodology and approach An integrated multidisciplinary research methodology will be adopted, using different techniques to achieve the research objectives. RM1. In order to locate all possible enclosures within the Garraf Massif, all aerial photographic series available for the study area will be collected and analysed by GIS-based photointerpretation procedures (Orengo and Palet 2010). Given their size, the enclosures can easily be located in aerial photographs. Parts of the Garraf Massif, however, are nowadays covered by vegetation and thus require the use of several photographic series taken in different years. Of particular importance will be the 1985 and 1996 photographs taken after wildfires burned large areas of the massif, allowing better visibility of the surface. After locating all possible enclosures by photo-interpretation, these structures and their surrounding areas will be surveyed to assess their possible pastoral function and characteristics such as number, size and shape of sub-enclosures (usually related to management practices), preservation of sediments within the enclosures, construction techniques, and structural preservation. This survey will also allow the documentation of associated structures (not visible from the aerial photographs) and the collection of surface material that will help to evaluate the enclosures’ potential to yield data regarding the early pastoral exploitation of the study area. RM2. The chronology of the enclosures will be tested by C14 radiometric dating of well contextualised organic material recovered from occupation layers related to the original use of the structures. In order to retrieve the organic material, an archaeological test pit will be excavated in each structure. These test pits will also retrieve contextualised ceramic material suitable for yielding relative chronological frameworks for the structures and indications of their cultural associations. Part B - page 5 of 31

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RM3. The material recovered during test pit excavations will allow the generation of hypotheses on the type of pastoral economy practised. The recovery of animal bones and teeth will have particular importance to the development of the project. Animal remains will provide zooarchaeological data on livestock composition (taxonomic and demographic), broad diet (see below), and mobility (using isotopic data e.g. Mashkour et al. 2005). Bone biometrical analyses will be applied to investigate changes livestock breeds or nutritional standards (Albarella et al. 2006, 2008) and, together with species composition and mortality patterns will be used to distinguish large-scale pastoral management from small-scale herding in the context of mixed farming (Halstead 1996). Finally, the analysis of dental microwear will be employed to clarify livestock diet and, particularly (because of its relevance to landscape impact and the scale of herding), the relative importance of browsing and grazing and the possible use of arboreal (leaf) fodder (Mainland 1998; Mainland and Halstead 2005). RM4. In order to analyse the impact of intensive pastoral practices on the Garraf landscape, two main approaches will be employed: geoarchaeology and palynology. Geoarchaeological approaches have previously produced satisfactory results in Mediterranean mountain areas. These techniques are able to document erosional phases related to human activities such as pastoralism (Ayala and French 2005). Sedimentological profiles will be excavated in alluvial cones related to the areas where enclosures have been located. The profile will be studied in order to relate erosional phases to the pastoral activity associated with the enclosures. Multiple pollen records exist for the study area (Riera 1994, Riera 2000a and 2000b, Riera and Peña 1998). These published data will be collected and compared with the results obtained from the excavation of test pits and sedimentological profiles associated with the enclosures. RM5. Meaningful contextualisation of the data gathered in the study area requires a regional historic approach. A first step will be to query the Catalan Archaeological Sites Record (IPAC) and import all the historical and archaeological data that it contains for the study area and its environs into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The combination of the data gathered in the Garraf with that offered by the IPAC for a larger area will allow testing of the hypotheses regarding the emergence of large-scale pastoralism and transhumance. It will be especially relevant to compare the dates of the enclosures to the emergence of protohistoric nuclei with market economies. Least Cost Route Analysis, a GIS-based technique aimed at predicting the most probable route between two points (Orengo and Ejarque 2008: 823, Fiz and Orengo 2008), will allow analysis of the connections between the different nuclei and the enclosures, thus providing an indirect means of relating them to known regional centres. The inclusion of the IPAC data and its query and analysis by means of GIS will enable contextualisation of the Garraf data in wider geographical and historical trends, but full understanding of the role of pastoralism in ancient societies will also demand use of modern analogues for pastoral landscape use (Halstead 1990a and 1996, Albarella et al. 2007). These will enable development of models of protohistoric pastoral exploitation and landscape use that would fit the data gathered and permit meaningful economic inferences about past societies. B1.3 Originality and innovative nature of the project, and relationship to the 'state of the art' or research in the field Although many projects have attempted to identify large-scale pastoral activities such as transhumance, this project is original in its integrated multidisciplinary approach and in the particular methodologies selected to meet the research objectives. Zooarchaeological techniques have hitherto been mainly applied to individual archaeological sites, with the aim of investigating local economy and foodways. Despite their huge potential for the study of pastoral practices, they have rarely been integrated within landscape archaeology to study anthropogenic environmental change. This research project will, for the first time, integrate zooarchaeology with geoarchaeology, test pit excavation, GIS, historical and archaeological databases and ethnoarchaeological models in the study of the creation and development of pastoral cultural landscapes. This set of tools has been selected taking into account the researcher’s profile and training needs but also their appropriateness to the research at hand. Methodologically, therefore, this project is highly innovative and well-focused. It is also innovative in its underlying concept: the study of large-scale pastoralism is, in this proposal, linked to its capacity to modify the landscape. This perspective adds to the proposal a clear commitment to the analysis of cultural landscapes, and therefore it has a Part B - page 6 of 31

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strong practical and social application (see sections B1.4, B5.3 and B5.5). The selection of the study area is also innovative. Research on the origin of transhumant-type large-scale pastoral practices has focused on high mountain areas, assuming that early prehistoric herding will resemble well-documented medieval transhumance. However, occupation traces are absent in the high mountains of both the Pyrenees and Alps before the medieval period (Orengo 2010). A low mountain range with evidence of intensive pastoral practices, close to both emerging Iron Age urban centres and littoral wetlands, requiring a much shorter-distance movement, is a more plausible place to look for an early large-scale pastoralism, which, according to some researchers (see B1.1), might be associated to the first market economies and presents thus an innovative approach to the selection of the study area. Therefore, the proposed research has the potential to radically alter the state of the art not only by testing a new set of techniques never before jointly applied to this topic but by changing the focus from high mountain settings to littoral low mountain ranges. The adoption of a landscape change approach will also provide a new perspective to the analysis of pastoralism beyond the classical socio-economic analysis typically adopted by previous studies, offering significant new insights into this field of research. B1.4. Timeliness and relevance of the project The importance of the study of cultural landscapes has been widely accepted during the last years. The European Landscape Convention defines "Landscape" as an area, as perceived by people, the character of which is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors. It further identifies landscapes as an essential component of people’s surroundings, an expression of the diversity of their shared cultural and natural heritage, and a foundation of their identity. Mountain landscapes, being highly sensitive to human action, as established by the United Nations Agenda 21, "Managing Fragile Ecosystems - Mountain Sustainable Development", are especially endangered and should be the focus of specific research actions in order to preserve their particular cultural and natural value. In this context, the Garraf Massif has undergone extremely destructive human activities during the last decades, such as unplanned development and intensive quarrying. It has also housed the rubbish tip for Barcelona and the surrounding area for over 30 years, with refuse piled over 100 meters deep in some places. This project addresses important questions regarding the origin of the Garraf Massif landscape and its cultural significance, aiming thus to provide tools for its cultural management, protection and planning but also to develop a much needed social awareness of its cultural values. This, in turn, in collaboration with the Garraf Natural Park authorities and local and regional cultural entities, could result in increased cultural tourism, development of products with traditional added values, etc. In the context of the Spanish economic recession, the need to develop sustainable economic resources such as cultural landscapes, is not just timely but absolutely essential. The implementation of new culturally conscious landscape management tools will also play an active role in restricting landscape degradation activities and unplanned urban development currently taking place in the Garraf Massif. This project endeavours to create the necessary tools for the identification, analysis, management and development of cultural landscapes in line with recommendations made by the European Landscape Convention. However, the results of this research can only be implemented by involving local and regional communities and authorities. The experiences obtained at community level are essential in the developing of landscape policies, which can then be tested and applied at a larger scale and in different geographical settings. B1.5 Host research expertise in the field The Department of Archaeology at the University of Sheffield was founded in 1976, and is now the largest archaeology department in the country outside London. The most recent national review of university teaching in 2001 rated the Department’s teaching as ‘excellent’ and it has been placed in the top ten among UK departments in all Research Assessment Exercises (RAE) since 1992, including RAE 2008, in which 25% of its research activity was judged world-leading, and 35% internationally excellent This proposal aligns closely with departmental research interests and expertise at different levels: Part B - page 7 of 31

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Cultural landscapes have been the focus of research by several researchers and their doctoral students, in projects ranging across temperate and Mediterranean Europe (including the mountains of northwest Greece and central Italy), and are also the focus of its MA in Landscape Archaeology; related issues of conservation and sustainable management are addressed in a new MA programme in Cultural Heritage Management, run jointly with the Schools of Law and Management. Pastoralism and its degree of integration with urban markets, has been the focus of research by departmental staff and doctoral students both in the Mediterranean (Prof. Halstead, Dr. Albarella) and in temperate Eurasia. This research has embraced both ethnographic and ethnoarchaeological studies of herding (and high-altitude crop husbandry) practices and also archaeological and zooarchaeological studies of the history of pastoralism. The development of bio- and geo-archaeological methods for investigation of pastoralism and of its impact on cultural landscapes, is the focus of much current research conducted through the departmental ‘Zooarchaeology Laboratory’ and the ‘Sheffield Centre for Archaeobotany and Ancient Land-Use’; and the joint Archaeology-Geography ‘Sheffield Centre for International Drylands Research’ (coordinated by Dr. Ayala). Methodological research includes biometric, demographic and isotopic analysis of faunal remains; tree-ring analysis of woodland management; particle-size and geochemical analysis of sediments. Dr. Ayala (with which the candidate was trained in basic geoarchaeological methods, see ‘Awards and research fellowships’ under section B3.1), has widely published on the impact of human practices, including pastoralism, in Mediterranean mountain environments, using geoarchaeological techniques. The impact of early urbanism and colonialism on changing land use patterns has been the particular focus of field research in southern Greece, central Italy and the Black Sea littoral. Drs. Albarella, Minniti and Valenzuela are collaborating in the study of the relationship between changing patterns of animal husbandry and Romanisation in Britain, Italy and Iberia. This project thus overlaps strongly, in terms of both aims and methodology, with the research interests and strengths of this department. The Department is keen to support this project intellectually, while the zooarchaeological, archaeobotanical, palynological and geoarchaeological laboratories (which currently support the MSc programmes in ‘Environmental Archaeology and Palaeoeconomy’ and in ‘Geoarchaeology’) will provide the necessary specialist facilities; the Robert Kiln Laboratory for Landscape and Aerial Archaeology will likewise provide appropriate facilities for mutual exchange of expertise in cultural landscape analysis. Finally, ethnography, ethnoarchaeology and experimental archaeology are central to much departmental research in bioarchaeology. The Sheffield Department thus offers an ideally suitable environment also for this aspect of Dr. Orengo’s proposed project. In addition to a wide range of relevant expertise and essential facilities, the Sheffield Department of Archaeology can offer a diverse, supportive and friendly environment for young researchers. It currently houses around a dozen post-doctoral research fellows, with several more due to arrive in the next few months. The department has extensive experience of hosting European projects including current Marie Curie Fellowships in zooarchaeology (2) and material culture studies (2), a Marie Curie Transfer of Knowledge programme in archaeobotany (2007-2009) and the ‘Geopro’ Training and Mobility Network in ceramic analysis (1998-2002); Sheffield is also a full partner in the multi-national ‘Narnia’ Marie Curie training network in materials analysis (2010-2014). B1.6 Quality of the group/scientist in charge Prof. Paul Halstead, BA, MA, PhD, Professor of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, has been a worldclass leading scientist in the fields of zooarchaeology and ancient pastoral land use over the last 30 years. He has a wide experience in teaching, training and project management. He joined the Department of Archaeology at the University of Sheffield in 1984. In the course of these years, he has contributed to making the University of Sheffield one of the world leading centres in zooarchaeology, supported in this by Dr. Umberto Albarella, another renowned zooarchaeologist and teacher in the department. With a vibrant community of Masters and PhD students, post-doctoral researchers, research visitors and external collaborators, the Sheffield zooarchaeology team is second to none in the world, as demonstrated by the range of its projects, activities and publications. Part B - page 8 of 31

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Prof. Halstead’s research interests include early farming societies and Bronze Age redistributive systems of Greece and the Mediterranean. Current research projects include excavation and faunal analysis in Greece and ethnoarchaeological studies in Greece and Spain. His publications on the advent of transhumant pastoralism (Halstead 1987, 1991, 1996) are important texts in international debate on this subject. His numerous methodological contributions to zooarchaeology, landscape analysis and ethnoarchaeology, including many peer-reviewed international publications, have had significant impact on these fields. A selection of relevant publications includes: P. Halstead 2009. Studying the past in the present: archaeological engagement with modern Greece. In M. Llewellyn et al. (eds.) Scholars, Travels, Archives, 201-15. British School at Athens. P. Halstead 2005. Resettling the Neolithic: faunal evidence for seasons of consumption and residence at Neolithic sites in Greece, in D. Bailey, A. Whittle and V. Cummings (eds.) (Un)settling the Neolithic . Oxford, Oxbow, 38-50. I. Mainland and P. Halstead 2005a. The diet and management of domestic sheep and goats at Neolithic Makriyalos, in J. Davies et al. (eds.) Diet and Health in Past Animal Populations: Current Research and Future Directions, 104-12. Oxford: Oxbow. I. Mainland and P. Halstead 2005b. The economics of sheep and goat husbandry in Norse Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 42, 103-120. P. Halstead 2004. Farming and feasting in the Neolithic of Greece: the ecological context of fighting with food, Documenta Praehistorica 31, 151-61. M. Pappa, P. Halstead , K. Kotsakis and D. Urem-Kotsou 2004. Evidence for large-scale feasting at Late Neolithic Makriyalos, N Greece, in P. Halstead and J. Barrett (eds.) Food, Cuisine and Society in Prehistoric Greece (Sheffield Studies in Aegean Archaeology 5). Oxford: Oxbow. E. Kotjabopoulou, Y. Hamilakis, P. Halstead, C. Gamble and P. Elefanti (eds.) 2003. Zooarchaeology in Greece: Recent Advances . London: British School at Athens. P. Halstead 2003. Texts and bones: contrasting Linear B and archaeozoological evidence for animal exploitation in Mycenaean southern Greece, in E. Kotjabopoulou, Y. Hamilakis, P. Halstead, C. Gamble and P. Elefanti (eds.) Zooarchaeology in Greece: Recent Advances. London: British School at Athens: 257-61. P. Rowley-Conwy, P. Halstead and P. Collins 2003. Derivation and application of a Food Utility Index (FUI) for European wild boar (Sus scrofa L.), Environmental Archaeology 7: 77-87. P. Halstead 2002. Texts, bones and herders: approaches to animal husbandry in late bronze age Greece, in J. Bennet and J. Driessen (eds.) A-NA-QO-TA: Studies Presented to John T. Killen. Minos 3334 [1998-99]: 149-189. P. Halstead, P.Collins and V. Isaakidou 2002. Sorting the sheep from the goats: morphological distinctions between the mandibles and mandibular teeth of adult Ovis and Capra, Journal of Archaeological Science 29: 543-53. V. Isaakidou, P. Halstead, J. Davis and S. Stocker 2002. Burnt animal sacrifice at the Mycenaean 'Palace of Nestor', Pylos, Antiquity 76: 86-92. P. Halstead 2001. Mycenaean wheat, flax and sheep: palatial intervention in farming and its implications for rural society, in S. Voutsaki and J. T. Killen (eds) `Economy and politics in the Mycenaean palace states', Proceedings of Cambridge Philological Society supp. vol. 27: 38-50. P. Halstead and C. Frederick (eds.) 2000. Landscape & Land Use in Postglacial Greece. Sheffield Academic Press. M. Charles and P. Halstead 2000. Biological resource exploitation: problems of theory and method, in D.R. Brothwell and A.M. Pollard (eds.) Handbook of Archaeological Sciences : 365-78. Wiley. P. Halstead 1999. Missing sheep: on the meaning and wider significance of o in Knossos SHEEP records. Annual of the British School at Athens 94: 145-66. P. Halstead 1998a. Ask the fellows who lop the hay: leaf-fodder in the mountains of northwest Greece. Rural History 9: 211-34. P. Halstead 1998a. Mortality models and milking: problems of optimality, uniformitarianism and equifinality reconsidered. Anthropozoologica 27: 3-20. Part B - page 9 of 31

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P. Halstead 1998b. Linear B evidence for the management of sheep breeding at Knossos: production targets and deficits in the KN Dl(1) and Do sets. Minos 31-32: 187-99. P. Halstead 1996. Pastoralism or household herding? Problems of scale and specialisation in early Greek animal husbandry. World Archaeology 28: 20-42. P. Halstead 1995. Plough and power: the economic and social significance of cultivation with the oxdrawn ard in the Mediterranean. Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture 8: 11-22. P. Halstead 1990a. Present to past in the Pindhos: specialisation and diversification in mountain economies. Rivista di Studi Liguri 56: 61-80. P. Halstead 1990b. Waste not, want not: traditional responses to crop failure in Greece. Rural History 1: 147-164. P. Halstead and J. O'Shea (eds.) 1989. Bad Year Economics: Cultural Responses to Risk & Uncertainty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. P. Halstead and G. Jones 1989. Agrarian ecology in the Greek islands: time stress, scale & risk. Journal of Hellenic Studies 109: 41-55. P. Halstead 1987. Traditional & ancient rural economy in Mediterranean Europe. Journal of Hellenic Studies 107: 77-87. Bibliography (Halstead's publications can be found in the previous section, Orengo's publications can be found in section B3.1) Albarella, U., Johnstone, C. & Vickers, K. 2008. The development of animal husbandry from the Late Iron Age to the end of the Roman period: a case study from south-east Britain, Journal of Archaeological Science, 35: 1828-1848. Albarella, U., Manconi, F., Vigne, J.-D., Rowley-Conwy, P. 2007. The ethnoarchaeology of traditional pig husbandry in Sardinia and Corsica, in U. Albarella et al. (eds.) Pigs and Humans: 10,000 years of interaction. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 285-307. Albarella, U., A. Tagliacozzo, K. Dobney and P. Rowley-Conwy 2006. Pig hunting and husbandry in prehistoric Italy: a contribution to the domestication debate, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 72: 193-227. Ayala, G. & French, C. 2005. Erosion modeling of past land-use practices in the Fiume di Sotto di Troina river valley, north-central Sicily.” Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 20 (2): 149-167. Cebrià, A., Esteve, X. & Mestres, J. 2003. Enclosures a la serra del Garraf des de la protohistoria a la Baixa Antiguitat, in Guitart, J. Palet, J.M., Prevosti, M. (eds.), Territoris Antics a la Mediterrània i a la Cossetania oriental. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya: 313-316. Cherry, J.F. 1988. Pastoralism and the role of animals in pre- and proto-historic economies of the Aegean, in C.R. Whittaker (ed.) Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge: 6-34. Edo, M., Millán, M., Blasco, A. & Blanch, M. 1986. Resultats de les excavacions de la Cova de Can Sadurní (Begues, Baix Llobregat), Tribuna d’Arqueologia. 1995 - 1986: 33-41. Mainland, I.L. 1998. Dental microwear and diet in domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus): distinguishing grazing and fodder-fed ovicaprids using a quantitative analytical approach, Journal of Archaeological Science, 25: 1259-1271. Mashkour, M., Bocherens, H. & Mousa, I. 2005. Long distance movement of sheep and goats of Bakhtiari nomads tracked with intra-tooth variations of stable isotopes (13C and 18O), in J. Davies et al. Diet and Health in Past Animal Populations: Current Research and Future Directions. Oxbow: 113-124. Ejarque, A. 2009. Génesis y configuración microregional de un paisaje cultural pirenaico de alta montaña durante el Holoceno: estudio polínico y de otros indicadores paleoambientales en el valle de Madriu-Perafita-Claror (Andorra). Tesis doctoral inédita, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Riera, S. 2000a. Evolució de la vegetació al massís del Garraf a partir de l’anàlisi pol.línica de sediments procedents de les basses de Can Grau i Can Planes. III Trobada d’Estudiosos del Garraf. Monografies 30. Museu de Gavà: 11-16. Riera, S. 2000b. El paisatge del Garraf fa milers d’anys. La Sentiu, 25 - 26: 91 - 105. Riera, S and Peña, J.C. 1998. La història dels incendis i de les pertorbacions: estudiar el passat per entendre el present. Anàlisi d’un registre fósil de cinc mil anys d’antiguitat a Cubelles. II Trobada d’Estudiosos del Garraf. Monografies, 26. Diputació de Barcelona: 115-9. Part B - page 10 of 31

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B2 Training (maximum 2 pages) B2.1 Clarity and quality of the research training objectives for the researcher The applicant’s PhD research incorporated a wide range of archaeological techniques in the investigation of ancient pastoral practices: survey and test pit excavation, GIS, palynology, and charcoal analysis. Although this research enabled the applicant to identify pastoral practices and the way in which these modified the landscape, it did not provide dating of the origins of transhumant pastoralism or information on livestock composition, management practices, or diet. Lack of a substantial body of modern pastoral analogues further restricted the research to purely archaeological data. The project is set to complete the applicant’s "landscape archaeology toolbox" providing him with a solid training in zooarchaeology, advanced geoarchaeology and the use of ethnographic models for archaeological interpretation, which will further strengthen the applicant’s abilities as project manager and team leader. The main training objectives can be summarised as follows: TO1: To provide an understanding of the nature of zooarchaeological data and how they can best be applied to the study of pastoral practices. Training in zooarchaeological methods will be carried before and during the analysis of zooarchaeological remains (which will take place under the supervision of the scientist in charge) between the seventh and eleventh month of the project (five months in total). Additional training on the application of isotope analysis from animal remains to study pastoral movement will be provided by the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory. TO2: To strengthen the applicant's skills in geoarchaeology (in which he has already acquired the basics during a four-month research visit to the University of Sheffield in 2008-2009). Training in geoarchaeological methods will take place between the second and fourth month of the project (three months in total). TO3: To allow a thorough understanding of the nature of ethnoarchaeological interpretation and how it can be applied to the analysis of archaeological data in building pastoral land-use models. Training in the archaeological application of such models will be carried out before starting the process of interpretation of the pastoral record obtained by the project, between the fifteenth and sixteenth month of the project (two months in total). TO4: To develop further the applicant’s skills in teaching, research presentation, research management and leadership through regular presentation of research in seminars and teaching opportunities (see below B2.2 and B2.3) but, mainly, through the specific career development programmes of the University of Sheffield (see below B2.3). The achievement of these objectives will be highly beneficial to the development of an independent research career for the fellow. From a research perspective, he will be equipped with a unique comprehension of a suite of techniques that are rarely employed in conjunction, allowing him to design and direct highly innovative multidisciplinary research projects in his future research. Developing his project at Sheffield will also broaden his personal, management and leadership skills, placing him at an advantageous position for future research opportunities, as well as allowing him to develop and become part of a network of European researchers with who potential future collaborations for interdisciplinary, innovative research will be pursued. B2.2 Relevance and quality of additional scientific training as well as of transferable skills offered In the framework of the interdisciplinary activities of the host institution, apart from the specialised training offered, there is a real opportunity for the fellow to be actively involved in teaching and other didactic activities carried out in the Department of Archaeology of the University of Sheffield. Although the above-mentioned objectives are those more specific to the scientific training of the applicant, the less methodologically oriented training that the applicant will receive from the general work environment are equally important. First, he will have the opportunity to improve his English and to practise the language in a highly stimulating research environment. He will be encouraged to give Part B - page 11 of 31

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presentations of his work in the form of seminars and discussion sessions and to contribute to the departmental research team by organising activities and participating in various laboratory and project management tasks. In addition to formal seminar presentations, the project will be monitored through regular meetings, which will give the opportunity to the applicant to think critically throughout the course of the project, and also to present and be exposed to questions and ideas on a regular basis. Furthermore, the applicant will actively participate to international conferences and will submit publications to international peer-reviewed journals. The applicant will also participate to teaching of the MA in Landscape Archaeology, MA in Archaeology of the Classical Mediterranean, and the MA in Cultural Heritage Management, which will provide him with valuable experience and strengthen his teaching skills, an essential need for his future incorporation in research centres or universities where extensive teaching experience is highly valued. All the training and experience will provide solid foundations for the applicant to further develop landscape archaeology in Spain upon his return, and actively contribute to integrating this sub-discipline within the framework of broader archaeological and historical questions. B2.3. Measures taken by the host for providing quantitative and qualitative mentoring/tutoring The University of Sheffield is committed to postdoctoral career development and has a suite of programmes designed to deliver this objective. Transferable skills training, career planning, commercial awareness and public outreach are important aspects of training provision and some of the ways in which the University provides this are described below. All fellows and research assistants participate in the Researcher Development Programme (http://www.shef.ac.uk/ris/pgr-support/rsd), which is a coherent framework of skills training provision for early career research staff. A wide variety of development opportunities for research staff is provided by different departments across the University, including training in personal effectiveness, project management, career planning and teaching. Training sessions range from specialised courses for research staff to development workshops on transferable skills. Participants choose which sessions to attend on the basis of their individual needs. Tailored support is provided by the delivery team, which includes Research and Innovation Services, Human Resource Management, the Careers Service, and active researchers from across the University. The objectives of the programme are closely aligned to those of Vitae, which is the UK Researcher Development organisation. In addition, all staff members have access to the University’s Personal and Management Development Courses (https://www.shef.ac.uk/hr/development/pmd/topiclist.html) that are a combination of on line self-teaching modules and workshops. These focus on managerial skills, leadership, personal organisation and self-management and communication skills. Paul Halstead, the scientist in charge of this project, has a great deal of experience in teaching and student supervision at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. He has trained many researchers now professionally active in archaeology. The quality of his teaching is attested by positive feedback from students throughout his career. The success of many of his former students in the international research community is evidence of his track record of training and motivating first class researchers. In terms of specialist training in the Department of Archaeology, the applicant researcher will initially join Masters and Doctoral Development laboratory classes and seminars in zooarchaeology (led by Dr Albarella and Prof Halstead) and geoarchaeology (led by Dr Ayala). ‘Base-line’ skills will then be developed further by participation in the regular in-house zooarchaeological discussion forum for postgraduate and post-doctoral researchers (‘ZAP’), in field classes and research work in landscape archaeology, in formal research seminars and informal discussions on ethnoarchaeology, pastoralism, upland land use, urban and colonial impacts on Mediterranean land use, etc. Such activities will involve active intellectual contact with almost all members of the Dept. of Archaeology. In addition, the researcher will gain teaching experience by contributing his own specialist expertise to Sheffield Masters programmes in Landscape Archaeology (e.g., GIS and remote sensing applications), in Management of Cultural Heritage (on contribution to management plan for Garraf Natural Park), and in Archaeology of the Classical Mediterranean (research into Iberian centuriation and irrigation schemes and development of pastoralism). Part B - page 12 of 31

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B3. Researcher (maximum 7 pages includes CV and a list of main achievements) B3.1. Research experience The applicant has been actively involved in full-time research at post-graduate level during the past seven years. Upon completion of his PhD thesis (Orengo 2010), entitled ‘The archaeology of a Pyrenean high mountain cultural landscape. The occupation dynamics of the Madriu-Perafita-Claror valley (Andorra)' in November 2010, the candidate was successful in obtaining a six-month post-doctoral research contract at the GEOLAB (UMR 6042, CNRS), University of Limoges (France). He has recently (July 2012) been awarded a highly competitive Nottingham Advance Research Fellowship in the Department of Archaeology of the University of Nottingham. Academic achievements July, 2012: Nottingham Advance Research Fellow at the University of Nottingham (UK). This is an independent research fellowship awarded with extra research money totalling €11307. 2012: Honorary Visiting Lecturer at the University Rovira i Virgili (Tarragona, Spain). 2011: Postdoctoral researcher at the GEOLAB (UMR 6042, CNRS), University of Limoges (France). 2010: Associated researcher at the Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology (ICAC, Spain). 2010: PhD in Classical Archaeology with Honours (cum laude). 2007: DEA with maximum qualification (equivalent to a Masters Degree) in Classical Archaeology. 2005: Bachelors Degree with Honours in History, specialised in Archaeology. List of professional activities Research contracts 2010-2011: Development of historic cartography on water use in Barcelona from the Roman to the Modern period. Contractor: Museum of the History of Barcelona. 2010: Reconstruction of the ancient topography of the Born area, Barcelona. Contractor: Institute of Culture of Barcelona. 2009: Cataloguing of the archaeological sites in the municipality of Turís. Contractor: Turís City Council. 2008-9: Team director and responsible for GIS and databases. Contractor: Actium s.l. 2008: Development of a GIS-linked geodatabase to manage the urban archaeology of the city of Barcelona. Contractor: Museum of the History of Barcelona. 2007: Survey and landscape analysis of the hinterland of la Carència, an Iron Age/Roman oppidum. Contractor: Museum of Prehistory of Valencia. 2006: Analysis and classification of archaeological material obtained from the site of Torre Bargallona. Contractor: Atics, s.l. 2006: Survey and landscape analysis of the hinterland of la Carència Iron Age/Roman oppidum. Contractor: Museum of Prehistory of Valencia. 2006: Excavation of archaeological features at the site of Torre Bargallona. Contractor: Atics, s.l. 2006: Survey and landscape analysis of the hinterland of la Carència Iron Age/Roman oppidum. Contractor: Museum of Prehistory of Valencia. Participation in research projects 2009-2012: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCyT), I+D project CGL2009-12676-C02-02. 2006-2010: Department of Universities, Research and Information Society (DURSI), project 2006EXCAVA-00015. 2006: DURSI, project 2006-ACOM-00072. 2005: DURSI, project 2005-ACOM-00011. 2003-2007: MCyT, I+D project BHA2003-08526. 2004-2005: DURSI, project ACOM 2004. 2002: McyT-FEDER, project FEDER IFD97-1207-C02-01 and IFD97-1207-C02-02. Other relevant information Part B - page 13 of 31

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Membership of learned societies and scientific advisor 2011: Member of the Program Committee of the Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA). 2011: Member of the CAA Review College. 2010: Scientific advisor for the Museum of the History of Barcelona. 2009: Member of the Research Group on Landscape Archaeology and GIS (GIAP) 2009: Advisor for the International Postgraduate School of the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC). Invited speaker. 2012: Invited long paper for the CAA conference, Archaeological Computing Research Group, University of Southampton (UK). 2011: Workshop at the Laboratory of Environmental Archaeology and History, Genoa (Italy). 2011: Workshop at the Institut für Klassische Archäologie, Freie Universität, Berlin (Germany). 2009: Workshop at the Université Toulouse II – Le Mirail, (France). 2008: Workshop at the Karman Center for advanced Studies in the Humanities and Institute of Archaeology of the University of Berna (Switzerland). Chair of Session. “Feeding the beast: integration and analysis of new data types into GIS” on the XXXVI conference of “Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology” Budapest, April 2008. Undergraduate and Postgraduate teaching 2008 to present: Contributing lecturer for the 'International Seminars on Classical Archaeology', taught at the Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology. 2012: University of Nottingham, Department of Archaeology. Contributing lecturer to the modules: Research methods in Archaeology (MA) and Sustainability in the Arts and Humanities (BA). 2011: Centre d’Investigacions Arqueològiques d’Osona (CIAO). Contributing lecturer to the 4th Scientific and technical course. New technologies in Archaeology: Recent trends and applications (IT and GIS). 2008: Rovira i Virgili University, Department of History and Art History. Contributing lecturer to the MA module Landscape Archaeology. 2007: Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain), Department of Antiquity and Medieval Sciences. Convenor of the MA module Digital Archaeology: the application of GIS to archaeological research. 2007: University of Barcelona, Department of Prehistory Ancient History and Archaeology. Contributing lecturer to the BA module Landscape Archaeology. 2007: Rovira i Virgili University, Department of History and Art History. Contributing lecturer to the MA modules: Landscape Archaeology and Digital Archaeology. 2006: Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain), Department of Antiquity and Medieval Sciences. Convenor of the MA module Digital Archaeology: the application of GIS to archaeological research. 2005: Kingston University, Department of Criminology and Sociology. Contributing lecturer to the BA module Forensic Archaeology. PhD supervision: co-supervisor of the PhD thesis 'Archaeology of the Montseny Massif Cultural Landscapes. Historic Dynamics from the Prehistory to the Medieval Period' by Arnau Garcia-Molsosa at the University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona (Spain) (due to completion September 2012). Awards and research fellowships 01/07/2012-present: Nottingham Advanced Research Fellowship, University of Nottingham, UK 01/04/2010-30/09/2010: postdoctoral research fellowship in the GEOLAB, University of Limoges, France . 01/02/2009-30/04/2009: research grant from the Pyrenees Work Community Network (AIRE-CTP) for a short research placement at the FRAMESPA laboratory, Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail (France). 01/10/2008-31/01/2009: research grant from the Catalan Government (AGAUR) for a short research placement at the Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield (UK). Part B - page 14 of 31

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1/05/2007-31/07/2007: research grant from the Catalan Government (AGAUR) for a short research placement at the Centre of Historical Research, Government of Andorra (Andorra). 1/10/2005-30/09/2007: Initial Research Training Grant, Beca d’Iniciació a la Recerca (BIR) at the Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology, Rovira i Virgili University (Tarragona, Spain). 1/09/2004-30/06/2005: Sócrates-Erasmus grant from the University of Valencia to study at the School of Archaeology & Ancient History, University of Leicester (UK) for one academic year. August 2004: Award from the University of Barcelona (Spain) to participate to the “International Seminars of Archaeology of Kerkouane (Tunisia)”. 1/09/2003-30/06/2004: Seneca grant from the University of Valencia (Spain) to study at the Faculty of Geography and History of the University of Barcelona (Spain) for one academic year. 1/04/2003-15/05/2003: Research grant of the Department of Prehistory and Archaeology of the University of Valencia (Spain) to collaborate in the research project “Archaeological research at the la Falguera shelter”, directed by Prof. Joan Bernabeu (University of Valencia, Spain) 2001-2002: Sócrates-Erasmus grant from the University of Valencia to study at the School of Archaeology & Ancient History, University of Leicester (UK) for one academic year. B3.2. Research results Books: Orengo, H.A. In press. Arqueología de un paisaje cultural pirenaico de alta montaña. Dinámicas de ocupación del valle del Madriu-Perafita-Claror (Andorra). Tarragona and Andorra, Institut Català d'Arqueologia Clàssica and Govern d’Andorra. Palet, J.M.; Orengo, H.A. & Nadal, J. 2009. La arqueología y la recuperación patrimonial. Barcelona, Fundació per a la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Riera, S., Orengo, H.A. & Ejarque, A. (eds.) 2008. Autoaprendizaje basado en la investigación. La historia del paisaje cultural del Massís del Garraf a partir de la resolución de casos. Barcelona, Dipòsit Digital de la UB. Selected Articles: Orengo, H.A. 2012. 'The Impact of Agricultural Practices and Water Management in the Eastern Spanish Coast during the Iron Age and Roman Periods: Methodological Approaches and First Results' eTopoi. Journal for Ancient Studies, 3: 1007-1014. Palet, J.M. & Orengo, H.A. 2011. ‘The Roman centuriated landscape: conception, genesis and development as inferred from the Ager Tarraconensis case’ American Journal of Archaeology, 115 (3): 383-402. Palet Martínez, J.M.; Orengo, H.A. & Riera Mora, S. 2011. ‘Centuriación del territorio y modelación del paisaje en los llanos litorales de Barcino (Barcelona) y Tarraco (Tarragona): una investigación interdisciplinar a través de la integración de datos arqueomorfológicos y paleoambientales’ Agri Centuriati, 7 (2010): 113-129. Orengo, H.A.; Fiz, J.I. & Macias, J.M. 2011. ‘Restitución 3D de la topografía de la antigua ciudad de Tarraco en un entorno SIG: propuestas metodológicas y primeros resultados’ Anejos del Archivo Español de Arqueología, LIX: 717-726. Palet, J.M.; Orengo, H.A. & Fiz, J.I. 2011. ‘Integración de metodologías SIG para el estudio del territorio en época romana: aplicación a las centuriaciones del Ager Tarraconensis’ Anejos del Archivo Español de Arqueología, LIX: 631-650. Prevosti, M.; Orengo, H.A.; de Soto, P. & Abela, J. 2011. ‘Integración de tecnologías SGDB, SIG y GPS en la planificación, desarrollo y análisis de las prospecciones intensivas del ager tarraconensis’ Anejos del Archivo Español de Arqueología, LIX: 61-68. Palet, J.M.; Orengo, H.A.; Ejarque, A.; Euba, I.; Miras, Y. & Riera, S. 2010. ‘Formas de paisaje de montaña y ocupación del territorio en los Pirineos orientales en época romana: estudios pluridisciplinares en el valle del Madriu-Perafita-Claror (Andorra) y en la Sierra del Cadí (Cataluña)’ Bollettino di Archeologia on line, 1 (2010): 67-79. Part B - page 15 of 31

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Orengo, H.A. & Palet Martínez, J.M. 2010. ‘Methodological Insights into the Study of Centuriated Field Systems: a Landscape Archaeology perspective’ Agri Centuriati, 6 (2009): 171-185. Miras, Y.; Ejarque, A.; Orengo, H.A.; Riera, S.; Palet, J.M. & Poiraud, A. 2010. ‘Prehistoric impact on landscape and vegetation at high altitudes: an integrated palaeoecological and archaeological approach in the eastern Pyrenees’ Plant Biosystems, 144 (4): 946-961. Miró, C. & Orengo, H.A. 2010. ‘El cicle de l’aigua a Barcino. Una reflexió entorn a les noves dades arqueològiques’ Quaderns d’Arqueologia i Història de la Ciutat de Barcelona, 6: 108-133. Orengo, H.A.; Ejarque, A. & Albiach, R. 2010. ‘Remote Sensing and GIS applied to the study of an Iberian Iron Age oppidum’s hinterland: La Carència project (Valencia, Spain)’ in B. Frischer (ed.) Making History Interactive. Proceedings of the 37th annual international conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, Williamsburg, Virginia (USA). Ejarque, A.; Miras, Y.; Riera, S.; Palet, J.M. & Orengo, H.A. 2010. ‘Testing microregional variability in the Holocene shaping of high mountain cultural landscapes: a palaeoenvironmental casestudy in the Eastern Pyrenees’ Journal of Archaeological Science, 37 (7): 1468-1479. Ejarque, A.; Julià, R.; Riera, S.; Palet, J.M.; Orengo, H.A.; Miras, Y. & Gascón, C. 2009. Tracing the history of highland human management in the Eastern Pre-Pyrenees (Spain): an interdisciplinary palaeoenvironmental approach. The Holocene, 19 (8): 1241-1255. Palet, J.M.; Fiz, I. & Orengo, H.A. 2009. ‘Centuriació i estructuració de l’ager de la colònia Barcino; anàlisi arqueomorfològica i modelació del paisatge’ QuarHis, 5: 106-123. Ejarque, A. & Orengo, H.A. 2009. ‘Legacies of change: the shaping of cultural landscapes in a marginal Mediterranean range, Garraf Massif, North-eastern Spain’. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 28 (4): 425-440. Orengo, H.A. & Robinson, D.W. 2008. ‘Contemporary Engagements within Corridors of the Past. Temporal Elasticity, Graffiti and the Materiality of St Rock Street, Barcelona', Journal of Material Culture, vol. 13 (3): 267-286. Orengo, H.A. & Fiz, I. 2008. ‘The application of 3D reconstruction techniques in the analysis of ancient Tarraco’s urban topography’ in Posluschny, A.; Lambers, K. y Herzog, I. (eds.) Layers of Perception. Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), Berlin, Germany, April 2-6, 2007. Bonn, Habelt. Ejarque, A.; Orengo, H.A. & Agustín, J.M. 2008. “Estratigrafia i evolució conceptual d’un paisatge de muntanya al massís del Garraf: la Maçana – Rovirós – Térmens (Begues)” in J. Hernández, J. Grau y J. Melero (Coords.) V Trobada d’estudiosos del Garraf. Barcelona, Diputació de Barcelona: 137-146. Fiz, I. & Orengo, H.A. 2008. ‘Simulating communication routes in Mediterranean alluvial plains’ in Posluschny, A.; Lambers, K. y Herzog, I. (eds.) Layers of Perception. Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), Berlin, Germany, April 2-6, 2007. Bonn, Habelt: 316 – 321. Ejarque, A.; Miras, Y.; Julià, R.; Riera, S.; Palet, J.M.; Orengo, H.A. & Euba, I. 2008. Genesis and Holocene evolution of a high mountain cultural landscape in the Eastern Pyrenees: a microregional and interdisciplinary case-study in the Madriu Valley. Terra Nostra, 2008 / 2: 73. Palet, J.M.; Ejarque, A.; Miras, Y.; Riera, S.; Euba, I.; & Orengo, H.A. 2007. ‘Formes d'ocupació d'alta muntanya a la serra del Cadí (Alt Urgell) i la vall de Madriu-Perafita-Claror (Andorra): estudi diacrònic de paisatges culturals pirinencs’ Tribuna d'Arqueologia, 2006: 229-253. Miras, Y.; Ejarque, A.; Riera, S.; Palet, J.M.; Orengo, H.A. & Euba, I. 2007. ‘Dynamique holocène de la végétation et occupation des Pyrénées andorranes depuis le Néolithique ancien, d’après l’analyse pollinique de la tourbière de Bosc dels Estanyons (2180 m, Vall del Madriu, Andorre)’ Comptes Rendus Palevol, 6 (4): 291-300. Articles in press: Orengo, H.A.; Palet, J.M.; Ejarque, A.; Miras, Y. & Riera, S. Submitted. 'Shifting dynamics of Neolithic high mountain occupation in the Madriu-Perafita-Claror valleys (Andorra)' Quaternary International. Servera, G.; Paradis, S.; Orengo, H.A., Julià, R.; Miras, Y.; Riera, S.; Palet, J.M.; Garcia, A.; BalSerin, M-C. & Allée, Ph. Submitted. 'Tracing the land-use history and vegetation dynamics in the Mont Part B - page 16 of 31

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Lozère (Massif Central, France) during the last 2000 years: the interdisciplinary study-case of Countrasts peat bog' Quaternary International. Orengo, H.A.; Palet, J.M.; Ejarque, A.; Miras, Y. & Riera, S. Under review. 'Pitch production during the Roman period: an intensive mountain industry directed towards long distance trade?' Antiquity. Orengo, H.A. & Cortés, A. Under review. 'The Augustan temple and forum of the colony of Barcino: a 90 degrees turn' American Journal of archaeology. Orengo, H.A. & Miró, C. Under review. 'Reconsidering the water system of Roman Barcino from supply to discharge' American Journal of Archaeology. Orengo, H.A. In press. 'Combining terrestrial stereo-photogrammetry, DGPS and GIS-based 3D voxel modelling in the volumetric recording of archaeological features' ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Orengo, H.A.; Palet, J.M.; Ejarque, A.; Miras, Y. & Riera, S. In press. 'The historical configuration of a UNESCO World Heritage Site: the Cultural Landscape of the Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley' Archeologia Postmedievale, 16. Orengo, H.A. & Cortés, A. In press. 'El templo de Augusto de Barcino. Nuevas perspectivas de estudio' Empúries, 56. Selected book Chapters: Miró, C. & Orengo, H.A. 2012. 'La topografia de l'aigua a època romana' in M. Guàrdia (ed.) La revolució de l'aigua a Barcelona. De la ciutat preindustrial a la metròpoli moderna, 1867-1967. Barcelona, Ajuntament de Barcelona: 14-20. Orengo, H.A. & Miró, C. 2011. ‘Following Roman waterways from a computer’s screen. GIS-based approaches to the analysis of Barcino’s aqueducts’ in J.W.H. Verhagen, A.G. Posluschny, A. Danielisova (eds.) Go Your Own Least Cost Path. British Archaeological Reports, Archaeopress, Oxford: 47-53. Orengo, H.A.; Abela, J.; Prevosti, M. & de Soto, P. 2011 ‘3.2 L’aplicació de tecnologies SGBD, SIG i GPS en la planificació de les prospeccions’ in M. Prevosti & J. Guitart (dirs). Ager Tarraconensis 2. El poblament / The population. Tarragona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans / ICAC: 112-116. Palet, J.M.; Fiz, I. & Orengo, H.A. 2010. ‘Modelación y conceptualización del paisaje romano en el Ager Tarraconensis: Tarraco y la centuriación del territorio’ in Corsi, C. & Vermeulen, F. (eds.) Changing Landscapes. The impact of Roman towns in the Western Mediterranean. Bolonya, Ante Quem: 167-184. Palet, J.M. & Orengo, H.A. 2010. ‘4. The centuriations of the Ager Tarraconensis: spatial organisation and conceptualisation’ in M. Prevosti & J. Guitart (dirs.) Ager Tarraconensis 1. Historical aspects and natural setting. Tarragona, Institut d’Estudis Catalans / ICAC. Orengo, H.A. 2009. ‘Tecnologías digitales aplicadas a la obtención, el tratamiento y el análisis de los datos arqueológicos’, in Palet, J.M.; Orengo, H.A. & Nadal, J. La arqueología y la recuperación patrimonial. Barcelona, Fundació per a la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya: 75-99. Palet, J.M. & Orengo, H.A. 2009. ‘El paisaje arqueológico’, in Palet, J.M.; Orengo, H.A. & Nadal, J. La arqueología y la recuperación patrimonial. Barcelona, Fundació per a la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya: 16-43. Palet, J.M.; Nadal, J. & Orengo, H.A. 2009. ‘El yacimiento y la excavación arqueológica’, in Palet, J.M.; Orengo, H.A. & Nadal, J. La arqueología y la recuperación patrimonial. Barcelona, Fundació per a la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya: 44-58. Riera, S.; Curras, A.; Palet, J.M.; Ejarque, A.; Orengo, H.A.; Julià, R. & Miras, Y. 2009. ‘Variabilité climatique, occupation du sol et gestion de l’eau en Espagne de l’Âge du Fer à l’époque médiévale: intégration des données paléo-environnementales et archéologiques’, in E. Hermon (ed.) Changements climatiques dans une perspective historique et systémique des interactions société-environnement naturel dans l'empire romain. Québec: Université Laval. Orengo, H.A. & Ejarque, A. 2008. ‘Metodología aplicada en el análisis del paisaje en el Massís del Garraf’, in S. Riera, H.A. Orengo & A. Ejarque (eds.) Autoaprendizaje basado en la investigación. La historia del paisaje cultural del Massís del Garraf a partir de la resolución de casos. Barcelona, Dipòsit Digital de la UB: 81-86. Part B - page 17 of 31

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Orengo, H.A.; Ejarque, A. & Agustín, J.M. 2008. ‘La Maçana: análisis arqueológico de un paisaje exhausto’, in S. Riera, H.A. Orengo & A. Ejarque (eds.) Autoaprendizaje basado en la investigación. La historia del paisaje cultural del Massís del Garraf a partir de la resolución de casos. Barcelona, Dipòsit Digital de la UB: 87-119. Participation at conferences: The applicant has presented 65 papers in international conferences and workshops and was the first author on 23 of them. B3.3 Independent thinking and leadership qualities The researcher has seven years of professional experience in landscape archaeology and in particular in mountain archaeology and the study of pastoral and agricultural landscapes. In the course of his pre- and post-doctoral career he has gained substantial experience in the study of cultural landscapes. His main geographic area of investigation is Spain, but he has also worked in Greece, France, UK, Andorra and Tunisia. Within landscape archaeology he has particular expertise in GIS, remote sensing and archaeological excavation but he has also ventured into other disciplines, such as geoarchaeology and historic document analysis. He pioneered the landscape archaeology application of multiband satellite images and photogrammetrical 3D analyses in Spain and, as founding member of GIAP (Landscape Archaeology Research Group) and teacher in multiple higher education modules, has trained new researchers in these techniques. Some of these have successfully pursued a research career under his supervision. Over the years Dr. Orengo has successfully become a recognised international expert in landscape archaeology, as a researcher and project manager. His leadership in this field is demonstrated by the multiple invited talks in international workshops and conferences he has given but also by his role as an international reviewer for the CAA, the main conference on digital techniques applied to archaeology. His success in obtaining a Nottingham Advance Research Fellowship (with additional funding of €11307) shows his capacity for independent, original thinking and directing research projects. His work has resulted in more than 50 papers in national and international journals, conference proceedings and books. In many of these publications, the applicant is the first author, highlighting his qualities of leadership and team-worker. Hector Orengo has directed 14 international archaeological campaigns ranging from landscape survey to site excavations and is currently directing the landscape section of three international projects in Spain, France and Greece proving his capacity to organise and lead large teams of researchers. He is also one of the Spanish landscape archaeologists with the greatest experience outside his country, which he would like to develop further with this fellowship. B3.4 Match between the fellow’s profile and project The applicant's multidisciplinary PhD thesis (Orengo 2010) combined techniques of landscape archaeology (aerial and field survey, test pitting, archival research, GIS modelling) and palaeoecology (pollen, NPP and microcharcoal analyses), integrated through high-resolution chronological models and spatial correlation, to map human activity and landscape impact in the Spanish Pyrenees from the Mesolithic to the modern period. Intensive deforestation and expansion of alpine grasslands at 2000 m were identified as early as the Middle Neolithic, but attributed to local pastoral activity of restricted mobility. Using similar methodologies and complementary expertise (zooarchaeological, geoarchaeological, ethnographic) in the Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, the applicant will be uniquely suited to explore the origins of large-scale transhumant pastoralism in Northeastern Spain. Furthermore, the applicant is the best possible person to undertake this project because of his substantial experience in landscape archaeology. He has great experience in mountain Mediterranean archaeology and the proto-historic and Roman periods in particular, and he has worked with a variety of research teams in Europe, with which he still maintains scientific relations. He has also briefly worked with the scientist in charge of the project, and the two have an excellent working relationship. Consequently, the applicant is at the ideal stage to interpret the archaeological record of the study area, with the help of new Part B - page 18 of 31

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methodological approaches and in the research environment of a foreign institution at the cutting edge of this type of research. B3.5 Potential for reaching a position of professional maturity The applicant is already an experienced researcher and it is now at a stage in his career at which he needs to take his work one step further in order to become a research leader not just in his native country but also in the international research community. His skills together with the training and additional skills that the host institution can offer will broaden the researcher's knowledge and will offer him research independence to develop his projects. Equally important, from the perspective of improving his international research profile, is prolonged exposure to the academic and research culture of a country other than the applicant’s native Spain. The researcher will benefit from the breadth of expertise and facilities of the host institution, particularly through training in bio-, geo- and ethno-archaeological methods for investigating pastoral practices and its impact on cultural landscapes. Expertise in this range of complementary specialisations is an essential corrective to the fragmentary nature of landscape archaeological evidence and will greatly facilitate the applicant's reintegration into the Spanish academic research system. A precondition for applying to the majority of the existent Spanish and Catalan post-doctoral research contracts aimed at the reintegration of researchers in the Spanish research system, such as Juan de la Cierva, Ramon y Cajal and Beatriu de Pinós, is that the researcher has held a research contract abroad of at least one year (with some requiring a minimum of two). This specific condition of the Spanish research system renders a Marie Curie IntraEuropean Fellowship for Career Development an extremely important landmark in the applicant’s career. B3.6 Potential to acquire new knowledge Dr. Orengo has already demonstrated this potential in the course of his career. His previous experience in Britain, France, Andorra, Greece and Spain has prepared him to fit in comfortably in international work environments and in each of these collaborations he has acquired new and important skills for his research. The applicant is keen to work in the British environment and in one of the most prominent world institutions in the field of landscape archaeology. The access to specialised facilities such as the Zooarchaeology Laboratory, the Geoarchaeology laboratory and the Robert Kiln Laboratory for Landscape and Aerial Archaeology will greatly improve the researcher's learning possibilities and expertise in the field. Considering that previous short research stays were extremely productive for his career and reinforced joint research efforts and avenues of international collaboration, there is every reason to believe that an extended residence and a more substantial joint research project will provide him with the opportunity to take his research to a new level and establish him permanently in the international research community. List of main achievements 1: PhD in Classical Archaeology, awarded cum laude. This PhD is now in press and will be the first monograph on high mountain landscape archaeology. From this PhD also stem many of the articles (now in press) in major international journals to be published during 2012 and 2013. 2: Obtaining two highly competitive international post-doctoral research fellowships (outside the candidate's home country) straight after the completion of his PhD in the GEOLAB of the University of Limoges (UMR 6042, CNRS) and as an Advance Research Fellow of the University of Nottingham, UK. These reflect the candidate's strong research record and allowed him to develop an independent research career. His attempt at last year’s Marie Curie IEF fellowship resulted in a total score of 85.9, a very high mark that pushed him forward to a new attempt. 3: Dr. Orengo has become one of the most prominent emerging figures in European landscape archaeology as proved by his strong publication record, his multiple invitations to international landscape forums and his roles as a member of learned societies, as a scientific advisor and as a scientific reviewer. Part B - page 19 of 31

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B4 Implementation (maximum 6 pages) B4.1 Quality of infrastructure/facilities and international collaborations of host Over the last decade, the University of Sheffield has invested approximately €197m in research capital infrastructure. Research offices, exhibition areas and networking spaces have been built to accommodate a vibrant research culture. For example, €1.9 million was spent on the award winning Humanities Research Institute, which is dedicated to interdisciplinary work. Research fellows and associates are welcome to contribute to the seminar series hosted by the institute and make use of meeting room facilities and conference suites. In 2007, the iconic ‘Information Commons’ building was opened to provide flexible working space for both students and staff needing to use print and digital resources simultaneously. Silent study areas and group collaborative areas are available to book and use when required. The University of Sheffield encourages international collaboration where appropriate to a research programme. It is a founder member of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), which is a partnership of 17 research led universities in Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America. It aims to make an impact on the exploration of topics of global concern by developing international research platforms that involve staff/student exchanges and joint research programmes. Two of these programmes include ‘The Global Plant Stress Initiative’ and the ‘World Heritage Media Initiative.’ In addition to this network, “communities of interest” are being fostered that focus on key regions such as China, Korea and India. The University of Sheffield manages research applications and fellowships through its International Student Support Services (ISSS) (http://www.shef.ac.uk/ssd/international). This office is responsible for the advice, help and official paperwork related to foreign research fellows. The incoming researcher will have full access to the wide range of academic facilities provided by the university. These include computer networks and software, a world class academic library, financial services and excellent research training and support from dedicated graduate and post-doctoral research offices. The University of Sheffield has recently submitted an application for HR Excellence in Research, in recognition of its supportive environment for researchers, and the results of the submission will be announced in September 2012. The Department of Archaeology at the University of Sheffield (see http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/index.html) has more than 10 collaborative programmes with Universities in the United Kingdom, and also relevant scientific collaborations with archaeologists, conservators, museologists and other professionals in over 80 institutions in 20 countries. It is the largest Department of Archaeology outside London and has become a pole of attraction for many researchers, from undergraduate students to postdoctoral and senior researchers. The national (UK) review of university teaching rated the Department of Archaeology teaching as 'excellent', and also the research programmes undertaken, that involve collaboration with colleagues in the UK, Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. The department has an active research school that currently includes 48 research students. Staff and post-graduate students from the department are actively involved in organising and participating in international conferences, and the department has a full calendar of academic meetings, workshops and conferences. The department publishes “Assemblage” an on-line journal run by post-graduate students, and many of the department’s staff are involved in editing and reviewing for world class journals. The archaeology department offers top quality laboratory space and equipment for a range of disciplines and an experienced and knowledgeable team of technicians. It also owns licences for large numbers of specialised IT software, and employs a full time IT technician. The department has a wide range of laboratories supporting research in Landscape and Environments: it houses the zooarchaeological, archaeobotanical, palynological and geoarchaeological laboratories. These laboratories will provide the necessary specialist facilities. The zooarchaeological laboratory will play an important role in the development of RM3 (see B1.3) and TO1 (see B2.1). The Robert Kiln Laboratory for Landscape and Aerial Archaeology will likewise provide appropriate facilities for the development of RM1 and RM5 (see B1.2). The Robert Kiln Landscape Laboratory is one of the centres of the department’s research in ancient landscape reconstruction. It offers facilities for advanced training and analysis in GIS, cartographic and aerial photographic analysis. Research facilities for the scientific analysis of ancient environments are provided in the well-equipped geoarchaeology and environmental Part B - page 20 of 31

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archaeology laboratories necessary for the adequate development of RM4 (see B1.2) and TO2 (see B2.1). The latter houses extensive facilities for the preparation and analysis of pollen, seeds and other archaeobotanical materials, as well as one of the best reference collections in the world. The former contains high-class facilities for a range of sedimentary and soil analyses (including magnetic susceptibility, loss on ignition, and soil micromorphology), and additional facilities are available through our research and teaching collaborations with colleagues in the Department of Geography Finally, ethnography, ethnoarchaeology and experimental archaeology are central to much departmental research in bioarchaeology (Drs Albarella and Charles, Profs Halstead and Jones) and in material culture studies; the Sheffield Department thus offers an ideally supportive environment also for this aspect of the applicant’s proposed project. The Department of Archaeology at the University of Sheffield will provide any necessary practical arrangement for the satisfactory execution and management of the project, such as office space, with a personal phone line and the necessary computer equipment. In addition, any software, hardware and office materials needed for the research will also be made available. B4.2 Practical arrangements for the implementation and management of the project The applicant has already established contact with the Garraf Park authorities, with the local agents responsible for the park management and with the local agents responsible for cultural and patrimonial resources. These agents are willing to collaborate as this project provides them with a great opportunity to obtain new tools to develop better management policies, taking account of the cultural value particular to the Garraf. They are also interested in developing outreach activities directed towards wide dissemination of the project results and towards a better social awareness of the Garraf’s historical and patrimonial value. The applicant also has contacted the Catalan Autonomous Government Culture Department and started the procedure for obtaining the necessary permits for survey and excavation to carry out the project. The applicant has access to survey and excavation equipment and premises at the Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology (ICAC), Tarragona, Spain. J.M. Palet, the nominated referee of this proposal, his PhD supervisor and director of the Landscape Archaeology Research Group (a group of archaeologists specialised on human-directed landscape change housed at the ICAC), will provide a fieldwork team for the survey and test pit excavation campaigns. The ICAC will also be in charge of the administrative requirements for the export of the archaeological material for its study in Sheffield. Prof. Santiago Riera (University of Barcelona, Spain) has already provided all the results of the analyses of palaeonvironmental sequences in the Garraf area and surroundings. The applicant has already contacted the Cartographic institute of Catalonia (ICC) which will supply the aerial photographs of the study area through a WMS server. The ICC is also willing to provide free of charge all cartographic material necessary for the development of the project. The applicant will seek funding for survey and excavation fieldwork and radiocarbon dating from the Catalan and Spanish Governments by applying to two different funding schemes: Department of Culture funding for support of archaeological interventions and a Batista Roca grant for collaboration between Catalan and British institutions in the Humanities. Additional funding is also available from the Garraf Massif Natural Park. Isotope analysis will be carried out at the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory in Keyworth, Nottinghamshire where NERC Isotope Geosciences Steering Committee Support Grants are available to fund project costs. Members of the candidate's current research environment at the University of Nottingham (UK) have already contacted the laboratory staff and been briefed about the procedures to follow and as a result, an application, including samples from the Garraf, is already under preparation. B4.3 Feasibility and credibility of the project, including work plan The proposed project is well planned and very feasible as it draws on established methods of field- and laboratory-based analysis and conceptual approaches (diachronic analysis of cultural landscapes, heuristic application of understandings derived from ethnography); some of these methods and approaches have been developed in Sheffield, some in other European centres, and some by the applicant and his Part B - page 21 of 31

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collaborators in Spain. All of these have been commonly employed by researchers based in the Department of Archaeology at Sheffield, where specialised equipment and laboratories exist that will allow the applicant to successfully complete his project. The project’s timing is well thought of since it addresses specific research issues by a strategy focused on collection of samples and does not involve extensive excavation of archaeological structures, which would notably increase the project's duration. The proposal is strongly innovative in that it will integrate these diverse and richly complementary methods and approaches into a single research project. As to the importance of this proposal, both academic and applied, the management of cultural heritage is a pressing concern for regional and national administrations. Cultural landscapes represent a significant part of this heritage that has been relatively neglected, posing particular problems of conservation and management, and playing a crucial role in perceptions of regional identity. Such cultural landscapes are cumulative products of human (pre)history and must be understood as such. Dr. Orengo’s project thus, has great potential for practical applications in regional conservation and development plans. Academically, its focus on pastoral land use addresses a set of human practices that have played a central role in shaping southern European cultural landscapes. The project also has great potential to transform historical enquiry by applying analytical methods and approaches developed in the context of palaeoecology and prehistoric archaeology to the historical context of the advent of urbanism and large-scale pastoralism in North-eastern Spain. Work plan The work plan (figure 2) will be as follows: First Year Months 1-2: The researcher undertakes a departmental induction programme to be introduced to the staff and methods of working. The planning of the research starts with discussion of the methodologies to be employed and practical demonstrations based on previous work. Final arrangements for survey and excavation permits and access to material and infrastructures are made including the acquisition of aerial photographs. Requests for additional funding to cover radiocarbon dating (see section B4.2) will also be made during this period. Months 3-4: Advance training in geoarchaeological methods, started at the second month, will continue thorough months 3 and 4. The analysis of the study area begins with the analysis of the aerial photographs in a GIS environment to locate all extant pastoral structures. Months 5-6: Field survey will be directed towards analysing the structures previously located through aerial photograph analysis. This 15-day survey will allow identification of the structures most likely to yield significant archaeological materials (dating material, artefacts and animal remains). The survey will also be aimed at locating suitable spots for sedimentological profiling. The next step will be the excavation of test pits and sedimentological profiles in the selected structures and spots. The excavation of small test pits will aim to obtain organic material for C14 dating and zooarchaeological analysis; extensive excavation is beyond the limits of the project, therefore a month and a half will allow enough time to test a significant sample of the enclosures in the Garraf Massif. Months 7-11: The researcher will be trained in zooarchaeological methodologies for the study of ancient pastoral activities. Months 10-11: The applicant will apply his new knowledge of zooarchaeological methods to analyse the material recovered during the archaeological excavations. These analyses will be supervised by the scientist in charge and therefore will also form part of the applicant training. During this period he will also conduct at the University of Sheffield sedimentological analysis of the samples recovered from the sedimentological profiles under the supervision of Dr Ayala. Second year Months 12-14: During this period the applicant, directed by the scientist in charge, will evaluate the results of the archaeological campaign comparing them with data from previous studies and other types of evidence. In this intermediate stage the evaluation will serve to assess the results obtained by the project Part B - page 22 of 31

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and to plan a second archaeological campaign (month 14) in order to complete the analysis of the study area and obtain more archaeological and environmental data. Months 15-18: The results obtained during the second field campaign will be analysed using the techniques previously employed and its results discussed with the scientist in charge. All the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental evidence, together with the archaeological and historical data gathered from the IPAC and the relevant archaeological literature, will be integrated to develop a model of the history of pastoral exploitation of the study area. Months 18-24: The results obtained will be prepared in collaboration with the scientist in charge for submission to specialised peer-reviewed archaeological journals. Dissemination and outreach activities such as conferences and web-based documents (see B4.5) to be released on the internet for the public at large will be prepared during this period. Finally, plans for future collaborations between the fellow and the host institution will be made, including the preparation of new project applications. The applicant will continue working on dissemination activities and specialised publications derived from the project’s results during the years following the end of the fellowship. Training and teaching These activities will be developed throughout the year according to the schedule (not yet available for 2014-15) of the training programs and the different Masters courses on which the researcher will teach. Activities

Months

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4

Arrival and integration at the Host Institution Programming and planning of research Funding applications Training in Geoarchaeological methods Acquisition of aerial photographs and treatment in a GIS environment Analysis of aerial photographs of the study area Archaeological survey of the study area Test pit excavation of selected structures Sedimentological profile excavations Training in zooarchaeological methods Analysis of recovered archaeological and environmental materials Comparison of the data set with other evidence and literature Discussion of comparison with researcher in charge Planning of a second campaign according to the results of the previous Training in the application of ethnographic models in archaeology Application of ethnographic models to the analysis of the pastoral record Conference participation, dissemination and outreach activities Writing of papers to submit for publication Wrapping up of the project Plans for future projects in collaboration with the host institution Researcher Career Development & Training Programme Personal and Management Development Courses Participation in Teaching, seminars and discussion sessions Figure 2. Outline of the work plan described above. Part B - page 23 of 31

HumanScapes Specific activity period Low intensity activity

B4.4 Practical and administrative arrangements and support for the hosting of the fellow Each new member of staff is given an induction programme that gives practical advice on how to live and work in Sheffield. International colleagues have access to a range of additional services such as being met from the airport and access to an orientation programme (day trips of the area, tours of the University and social events) if desired. Since the applicant will be moving to Sheffield, support will be provided regarding appropriate housing and health care. There are 2,552 postgraduate students employed at Sheffield, who are not from the U.K. and so there is a good support network for those joining the institution from overseas. The University provides central support for running European Framework Projects. Members of the University Research and Innovation Services and a dedicated section of the Research Finance Department have many years’ experience in the administrative and legal requirements relating to European Community and Marie Curie programmes. The team will provide guidance and assistance in the following areas: • Financial, legal and contractual advice • Guidelines on financial participation • Business planning • Dissemination and training activities • Preparation of financial statements and appropriate record keeping requirements • Distribution of all payments received from the Commission • Co-ordination and management of all audit requirements • Provision of good practice guidelines in all areas of Framework 7 • Attendance at Project Management meetings where appropriate The researcher will also benefit from support specific to the department. He will be introduced to all members of the department and, to make sure that staff are familiar with his work, at an early stage of his stay in Sheffield will give a seminar on aspects of his research. It is also the tradition of the department to greet new staff with a celebratory drink to which other staff are invited. He will be assigned an office – to be shared with one or two other researchers – and a desk with a computer. Specific laboratory space for his needs will be defined. He will be able to rely on scientific as well as moral support from the scientist in charge and has identified other senior members of the Department who will provide advice. Once a year (therefore twice in the course of the project) he will take part, with all other members of the department, in the Staff Review and Development Scheme (SRDS), which will provide an opportunity for reflection and feedback on his project and forward planning for the following years. This review will be carried out by a senior member of the department, rather than the scientist in charge. B4.5 Products/Reporting of the project Professional Publication: Several articles discussing the findings of this research will be written and submitted to international peer-reviewed journals, such as Antiquity, American Journal of Archaeology, Current Anthropology, Journal of Archaeological Science or Cultural Geographies. All publications will acknowledge the financial support of the European Union and the 7th Framework Programme. Presentation of the Research: It is intended that the results will be presented in local, regional, national, and international meetings. This includes the annual Workshop of European Mountain Landscapes, the Landscape Archaeology Conference or the European Archaeology Association conference but also more methodologically oriented congresses such as that for Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods Part B - page 24 of 31

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in Archaeology. All presentations will acknowledge the financial support of the European Union and the 7th Framework Programme. Generation of official reports: A report will be prepared for the Department of Culture of the Catalan Autonomous Government in which the precise location and nature of the investigated structures will be described. This report will serve to protect under the Catalan cultural scheme the Garraf pastoral enclosures. They will also be included in the Catalan Sites and Monuments Record (IPAC), thus ensuring their knowledge and protection. A second report will be delivered to the Garraf Natural Park authorities detailing the project’s results. This report will be aimed at the implementation of new management policies directed towards the cultural exploitation of the study area as a valuable cultural landscape in accordance with the European Landscape Convention recommendations. Finally, a third report will be generated for the Institut Català del Paisatge (Catalan Landscape Institute). This institution is in charge of implementing the European Landscape Convention recommendations in Catalonia. As part of this task the Institut Català del Paisatge has created a series of landscape catalogues whose aim is to identify, analyse and protect Catalan cultural landscapes. The report on the Garraf Massif will form part of these catalogues, thus ensuring, further knowledge and protection of the Garraf cultural landscape. All official reports will acknowledge the support of the European Union and the 7th Framework Programme. Outreach activities: In addition to specialised archaeological publications, the project’s results will be published in local newspapers and in the Garraf Natural Park webpage for the attention of the public at large. These documents will aim at explaining how these results are relevant to the general public. It is also intended to update the "Macizo del Garraf" (Garraf Massif) Wikipedia page to include the project’s results within a comprehensive narrative of the history of the Garraf Massif. A multilingual (Catalan, Spanish and English) web page dedicated to the project will also be created, where the project’s results will be presented in an amenable and clear way by using multimedia and interactive material. This webpage will also be linked to the Garraf Massif Natural Park’s webpage and to those of other local institutions related to cultural resource management. All outreach activities will acknowledge the support of the European Union and the 7th Framework Programme.

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B5 Impact (maximum 4 pages) B5.1 Potential of acquiring competencies Due to his background and competence, Dr. Orengo is ideally suited to develop the proposed project in this Marie Curie application. In undertaking the project, the fellow researcher will combine his previous experience with new approaches and questions in which he is relatively inexperienced. The host institution will offer the fellow a range of seminars and activities to develop related transferable skills both within and external to academia. These are available through the Researcher Development Programme (http://www.shef.ac.uk/ris/pgr-support/rsdand) and the University’s Personal and Management Development Courses (https://www.shef.ac.uk/hr/development/pmd/topiclist.html). Attendance of a choice of teaching modules focused on managerial skills, leadership, personal effectiveness and communication skills is scheduled in the applicant’s work programme. As a consequence, his competence will be much increased and this will put him in a position to understand and manage archaeological projects in a more innovative and integrated way. Because of his skills and natural abilities, already demonstrated in many publications and other project outputs, he will be able to reach a position of professional maturity and independence, as well as contribute to the progress of research not only at national but also at a European level. The project’s results will be made available to the academic community through regular conference attendance and the presentation of interim results. In this way the fellow will also acquire further practice in communicating and presenting in English and also in dealing with a diversity of audiences. B5.2 Contribution to career development The project will significantly improve the fellow researcher’s expertise, providing him with an impressive background that will facilitate greatly his future involvement in European scientific and scholarly activities. Besides granting him a two-year experience in a research leading foreign research centre, the project will provide new knowledge in another British academic environment, which will be a valuable asset when applying for research grants to national and international research bodies. He will also benefit from preparing joint publications with respected and well-known researchers in the field, and from having been based at a renowned research centre. It is clear that the Marie Curie fellowship will increase his opportunities as well as competence to manage similar projects in the future. The fellow researcher will combine his current expertise in landscape analysis with new approaches and techniques that have so far been foreign to him. The project will give him the opportunity to understand and use new methods that will allow him to work more efficiently and effectively in the future. In addition, the project will lead to various outputs that will enhance the researcher’s standing in the field. Presentation of the results of the project will increase his visibility at international conferences, while the main results of the project will be submitted to major academic journals and will further enhance the applicant’s already impressive profile. The research subject is currently one of great potential and the ambitiousness of the project will grant the resulting publications wide distribution at an international level. This will undoubtedly result in a substantial increase in the researcher’s international profile and prestige. The applicant's participation in the Researcher Development Programme and the University’s Personal and Management Development Courses will aim at improving his capacities to manage and lead projects and research teams while his participation in the research seminars and the teaching of Master courses will improve his presentation and communication skills contributing significantly to a successful career development. Equally important for the researcher’s career development will be the prestige attached to the award of a Marie Curie Fellowship, significantly improving his possibility to be re-integrated into the Spanish research system. B5.3 Contribution to European competence and European competitiveness Livestock rearing has been one of the main productive activities in Europe since the Neolithic. Nowadays, one of the challenges is to develop sustainable and competitive husbandry policies in Europe. To address this issue, a ‘Study on the Functioning of Land Markets in the EU Member States under the Influence of Part B - page 26 of 31

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Measures Applied under the Common Agricultural Policy’ (CAP) was undertaken by the Centre for European Policy Studies in 2001. It stated that strong economic performance goes hand in hand with ‘the sustainable use of natural resources’. The Lisbon Strategy Conclusions, confirmed in Thessaloniki in June 2003, stated the importance of the rural constituency in Europe, and the need to make use of opportunities from improved local infrastructure and environmental land management, such as integrating farms into rural tourism (http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rur/leader2/rural-en/euro/p1-0.htm). The applicant is aware of the need for the Humanities to contribute to European excellence and the transfer of knowledge in Europe. Therefore, one of the main potential contributions of Archaeology is the improvement of the quality of life by making citizens feel part of a long history that can be traced through the landscapes they inhabit. The project’s results will be of importance in providing present-day livestock owners and managers with an important historical perspective. This is expected to give greater value to their work, and also provide them with ideas about sustainable and historically grounded husbandry practices. The proposed project will benefit not only scholarly landscape archaeology, but also landscape management by providing better tools to analyse and manage cultural landscapes. As a result, this project proposal carries special significance since it complies with the Article 6 of the European Landscape Convention (http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm), and in particular with the necessity to (1) identify cultural landscapes inside the different European territories, (2) analyse their characteristics and the forces and pressures transforming them and (3) take note of changes. The Garraf Massif Natural Park authority will incorporate the project's results into revised management and conservation policies recognising the massif as a cultural landscape with a long anthropogenic history that radically alters the rationale for and methods of management, conservation and cultural tourism development. The working methodologies developed by this project could, through its dissemination at a European level (see section B5.5), be applied to other Mediterranean, low to middle mountain ranges, such as the Cicolano mountains and other areas of the Apennine Mountains in Italy, the Pindus Mountains in mainland Greece, the Lozère and Massif Central in France or different mountain bodies in Mediterranean islands such as Crete, Sardinia, Corsica or Mallorca where similar research questions on the origins of transhumance and/or the analysis of large-scale pastoralism have been raised in previous studies. Equally, from a research perspective, the results of this project will serve as important comparative material in the advance of this research topic. From a heritage perspective the research on the Garraf can provide a much-needed case study that will highlight the cultural importance of Mediterranean mountain areas, as well as set an agenda and create a best-practice guide for their culturally conscious management. The implementation of mountain management plans in Mediterranean Europe is not just timely but necessary given the yearly destruction of thousands of hectares by several causes, such as widespread unplanned development and summer wildfires (for instance, the 2009 Mediterranean Wildfires). The present project will offer a holistic approach that will be undertaken within one of the most active landscape research groups in the world. European landscape research has a prominent role in the world of research, but what is still partly missing is inter-fertilization of ideas between European countries, which has led to cases of isolation. By interpreting landscape archaeology as a discipline that knows no national boundaries, we intend to contribute to the solution of this very problem, and in doing so to increase further the level of European competence and competitiveness in this field. The project will finally contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of animal husbandry innovation, in the context of demographic pressure and cultural exchange. B5.4 Benefit of the mobility to the European Research Area The experience and high level of expertise of the research team at the University of Sheffield will guarantee that appropriate training is provided and that the project is rigorously and successfully carried out. Once the researcher is reincorporated into the Spanish research system the training he will receive in Sheffield will translate to an important transfer of expertise, particularly in relation to highly specialised techniques, such as the analysis of dental microwear to determine cattle dietary practices and the application of stable isotope analysis to the study of cattle movement, which have not been applied previously in Spain. Equally, the applicant would bring new expertise, particularly in remote sensing and Part B - page 27 of 31

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GIS study of montane pastoral landscapes, to the Department of Archaeology at the University of Sheffield. Since these exchanges of expertise will be achieved through a mobility scheme and by working as part of a highly international team, there is no question that this will be achieved fully in the spirit of the European Research Area (ERA) and its principles of exchange and cooperation. The researcher has developed all his research career in research centres and has been little exposed to the Spanish University system. His participation in focused and research-directed Master courses will be very beneficial for him since Masters-level training has only recently been introduced to the Spanish teaching system and is still very general in scope. The eventual reintegration of the researcher into the Spanish University system will permit the transfer of expertise in teaching from a country with a long tradition in Masters and post-graduate courses to another in which this expertise is much needed. In this respect the success of this project is entirely dependent on the mobility of the fellow researcher. Although the researcher and host institution can successfully co-operate by working at a distance in their respective countries, this would not offer the same opportunities that the mobility scheme can provide. Not only would the researcher not have access to some of the techniques, methods and facilities that he could familiarize himself with and use while in Sheffield, but also he would miss the intellectual exposure to a research environment which operates in a spirit and with an approach that are very different from what he is used to in his own country. As has been already emphasised, training plays a key role in the proposed project and is indispensable for the fulfilment of the scientific goal: that is why the mobility and specifically to the University of Sheffield is necessary. This project is not just about researchers from different countries working together, but rather about two schools of research coming together to generate a common approach that goes beyond the limits of national traditions. B5.5 Impact of the proposed outreach activities The Garraf Massif is the natural park with the least visitors in Catalonia. The park’s marginalisation becomes more evident given its proximity to Barcelona (see figure 1), an urban centre with more than 3.5 million inhabitants. Intensive quarrying, frequent wildfires and intensive erosion have rendered the Garraf landscape unattractive for the potential visitor. The proposed outreach activities are aimed at providing cultural alternatives to the current perception of the area as a degraded and marginal landscape. Specialised archaeological publications (see section B4.5) will be aimed at those journals with higher impact factors (in accordance with the internationally acknowledged Thomson-Reuters Impact Factor List). Participation in international conferences will be aimed at specialised venues were the methods and results of the project could achieve the maximum possible outreach. This will ensure the international visibility of the project in research and academic circles, thus causing a strong impact. The generation of official reports (see section B4.5) will have a strong local and regional impact since it will ensure the protection of the archaeological heritage documented by the project and the correct management and culturally conscious development of the Garraf Natural Park in accordance with the European Landscape Convention recommendations. These outcomes will not only help preserve the area and its cultural features but they will improve the life conditions of its inhabitants by contributing to the halt of destructive landscape practices and also by promoting cultural and rural tourism and sustainable traditional activities. In addition to specialised archaeological publications and official reports, the project’s results will be published in local newspapers and in the Garraf Natural Park webpage for the attention of the public at large. These documents will aim at explaining how these results are relevant to the general public, promoting cultural tourism and increased awareness of the historical importance of the area. It is also intended to update and improve with new research-led material the Spanish, Catalan and English Garraf Massif Wikipedia webpages to include the project results within a comprehensive narrative of the Garraf Massif history. A new Wikipedia page for the Garraf Massif will be created in the French Wikipedia, since French-speaking cultural tourism is particularly prominent in Catalonia. Part B - page 28 of 31

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A multilingual (Catalan, Spanish and English) Dreamweaver-designed webpage dedicated to the project will also be created, where the project’s results will be presented in an attractive and clear way by using multimedia and interactive material (interactive maps, videos, 3D models of the area, 3D reconstructions of archaeological structures, virtual tours and maps with cultural routes inside the park), linked to the webpages of the Garraf Massif Natural Park and of other local institutions related to cultural resource management. This multilingual webpage will also aim at interesting and attracting cultural tourism at a national and international level. The proximity of the park to the tourist-attractive city of Barcelona helps incorporation of the Garraf Natural Park in its tourist routes. The outreach activities will be developed during months 18 to 22 of the project (see section B4.3). They will be carried out in collaboration with the Garraf Natural Park authorities, local cultural entities and the Department of Culture of the Catalan Autonomous Government. These will attempt to promote the idea that the Garraf Massif is better understood as a ‘cultural legacy’, which physically encapsulates and preserves past human conceptions of space and place. In this respect, the proposed outreach activities comply with the European Landscape Convention recommendations since they are aimed at the recognition of the Garraf Massif "as an essential component of people’s surroundings, an expression of the diversity of their shared cultural and natural heritage, and a foundation of their identity" (article 5.a). Therefore, these outreach activities will contribute "to increase awareness among the civil society, private organisations, and public authorities of the value of landscapes, their role and changes to them" (article 6.A).

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B6 Ethics issues (No page limit) No ethics issues are raised by this proposal. Ethics issues table Research on Human Embryo/ Foetus * * * * *

Does the proposed research involve human Embryos? Does the proposed research involve human Foetal Tissues/ Cells? Does the proposed research involve human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs)? Does the proposed research on human Embryonic Stem Cells involve cells in culture? Does the proposed research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells involve the derivation of cells from Embryos? I CONFIRM THAT NONE OF THE ABOVE ISSUES APPLY TO MY PROPOSAL

Research on Humans * * * *

Page

YES

YES

Page

Does the proposed research involve children? Does the proposed research involve patients? Does the proposed research involve persons not able to give consent? Does the proposed research involve adult healthy volunteers? Does the proposed research involve Human genetic material? Does the proposed research involve Human biological samples? Does the proposed research involve Human data collection? I CONFIRM THAT NONE OF THE ABOVE ISSUES APPLY TO MY YES PROPOSAL

Privacy Does the proposed research involve processing of genetic information or personal data (e.g. health, sexual lifestyle, ethnicity, political opinion, religious or philosophical conviction)? Does the proposed research involve tracking the location or observation of people? I CONFIRM THAT NONE OF THE ABOVE ISSUES APPLY TO MY PROPOSAL

Research on Animals

*

YES

Does the proposed research involve research on animals? Are those animals transgenic small laboratory animals? Are those animals transgenic farm animals? Are those animals non-human primates? Are those animals cloned farm animals? I CONFIRM THAT NONE OF THE ABOVE ISSUES APPLY TO MY PROPOSAL

Research Involving Developing Countries Does the proposed research involve the use of local resources (genetic, animal, plant, etc)? Is the proposed research of benefit to local communities (e.g. capacity building, access to healthcare, education, etc)? I CONFIRM THAT NONE OF THE ABOVE ISSUES APPLY TO MY PROPOSAL

Dual Use Research having direct military use Research having the potential for terrorist abuse I CONFIRM THAT NONE OF THE ABOVE ISSUES APPLY TO MY PROPOSAL

YES

Page

YES

YES

Page

YES

YES

Page

YES

YES

Page

YES Part B - page 30 of 31

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ENDPAGE

PEOPLE MARIE CURIE ACTIONS Intra-European Fellowships (IEF) Call: FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF

PART B

“HumanScapes”

THE ORIGINS OF INTENSIVE PASTORALISM AND THE CREATION OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES IN NORTH-EASTERN SPAIN

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