Major Quiz: Level 400

CENTRAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE (SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SECOND SEMESTER, 2014/2015 ACADEMIC YEAR CENG 482: WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING

Major Quiz: Level 400 Date: 15th May, 2015 (Answer ALL Questions) 1.

What is the significance of ‘hydrologic budget’ to Water Resource Management?

2.

The following yearly data were collected from a 2000 km2 catchment. Total precipitation is 620 mm, total combined loss due to evaporation and evapotranspiration is 350 mm, estimated groundwater outflow is 100 mm, and mean surface runoff is 150 mm. What is the change in volume of water (m3) remaining in storage in the catchment at the end of the elapsed year?

3.

A watershed with a drainage area of 450 km2 received 700 mm of rainfall in a given rainy three months. The average flow rate measured at the outlet of the watershed over these three months was 15 m3/s. Estimate the amount of water lost due to the combined effects of evaporation and transpiration, and groundwater storage. Assume the annual change in storage is zero

4.

The basis of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is that: a) Water is a strategic resource for the power of Nations and therefore requires the largest possible attention. b) More than 1 billion persons around the world still lack access to safe water and sanitation. c) There is a variety of uses of water resources that are interdependent. d) Water is needed to produce the energy required to sustain development.

Lecturer ; Ing. E. K Ackom

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5.

The fourth Dublin Principle states that “Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognized as an economic good as well as a social good”, this suggest us that: a) Water resources should be privatized, as this will ensure better management. b) Water users should always pay a very high cost for water, no matter their situation. c) Water users with the largest paying capacity should be first on the list to access and use water as much as they can pay for it. d) The value of water in alternative uses is important for the rational allocation of water as a scarce resource. In IWRM, the economic value of alternative water uses helps guide decision makers in prioritizing investments. Value and charges are two distinct concepts.

6.

The term “management” is used in relation to water as: a) Is used in its broadest sense, in that it highlights the need to not only focus on the development of water resources, but also to consciously manage water development that ensures sustainable use for future generations. b) Water is seen as an economic good and therefore needs to be managed. c) Water users need to be controlled and managed by someone above them. d) All water uses need to follow the exact same pattern.

7.

The second Dublin Principle states that “Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policy makers at all levels”, from an IWRM view, participation takes place when: a) Stakeholders follow decisions taken by their democratically elected leaders, but don´t really need to take part in the process or even be informed, water is just too complex. b) Men represent their families and carry their voices, needs, and knowledge, this simplifies participation and ensures representation. c) The economically stronger groups lead the management process, under a principle of equity and inclusion in representation of other groups. d) Where water is concerned, everyone is a stakeholder. Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach that draws on the principle of democratizing decision-making and gives recognition to the input of multiple stakeholders, including users, planners and policy makers at all levels.

Lecturer ; Ing. E. K Ackom

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8.

The strategy for making both women’s and men’s experiences and concerns an integral dimension of the design, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation in policies and programmes across political, economic, and social spheres, so that both women and men equally benefit is defined as: a) Gender-disaggregated data b) Gender analysis c) Gender mainstreaming d) Gender-responsive budgeting

9.

Integrated Water Resources Management is important for climate change as: a) Due to the expected impacts of climate change we need to ensure that people at least have drinking water during the times of crisis. b) Water is the first sector to be affected by changes in climate. Climate change leads to intensification of the hydrological cycle and has effects on the frequency and intensity of extreme events. Sea level rise, increased evaporation, unpredictable precipitation and prolonged droughts are just a few manifestations of climate variability directly impacting on availability and quality of water. c) By using the same tools and principles of IWRM we can revert the processes and causes which are leading to climate change. d) Is not really important, as climate change and water are not connected at all.

10.

Integrated Water Management tools and views can help coping with climate change as: a) IWRM makes it easier to respond to changes in water availability. Risks can be better identified and mitigated; stakeholder participation helps to mobilize communities and generate action. Water users can be stimulated to use the resource sustainably in the face of changing water conditions. b) IWRM sets a clear line of authority which persons must follow during a crisis. c) IWRM is funded in economic principles which have the capacity and power to allocate water resources. d) IWRM covers all environmental and social plans which societies need for the coming decades.

Lecturer ; Ing. E. K Ackom

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11.

Implementing IWRM needs to be anchored in: a) A strong political leader. b) Capacity development targeted to water professionals, they can drive change on their own. c) Concerted effort to integrate perspectives and divergent interests of various water users in the management framework and a formal set of mechanisms to ensure commitment at the various levels. d) Funding support from the UN and multilateral banks.

12.

Which statement below is correct about “human rights to water”? a) Human right to water can be provided and withdrawn by the state b) Human right to water refers to the necessity of water to satisfy human needs c) Human right to water is an entitlement for someone to use water for specific purpose d) Human right to water is a temporarily right

13.

The move towards “Water Integrity” makes reference to: a) It is a different way of talking about Integrated Water Resources Management, IWRM. b) It suggests that all water institutions should be integrated into a single one. c) It recognises a high level of various forms of corruption in the water sector which affect the poor, the environment, health, and development, and the need to establish a transparent, accountable, and honest set of water management and use practices. d) It states that water laws from neighbour countries should be uniform.

14.

Mention Five (5) Organizations and the corresponding hydrological data they provide in Ghana.

Lecturer ; Ing. E. K Ackom

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