Kapitoly z renesanční filosofie

TOMÁŠ NEJESCHLEBA

KAPITOLY Z RENESANČNÍ FILOSOFIE

CENTRUM PRO STUDIUM DEMOKRACIE A KULTURY

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Kapitoly z renesanční filosofie

SUMMARY STUDIES FROM RENAISSANCE PHILOSOPHY e present publication consists of twelve chapters exploring various areas of philosophical thought in the Renaissance period, the aim of which is not to offer a synthetic insight into Renaissance philosophy, but to delve into several different, yet closely related topics. Despite their inherent connection, the individual chapters may also be read separately, each providing links and references to other chapters where the issue concerned is further discussed or set into a different context. e �rst chapter introduces the topic of sympathy as one of the key concepts of Renaissance natural philosophy. e chapter examines ancient sources of the Renaissance theory on sympathy (or antipathy), originating from the Aristotelian, atomist, Hippocratic, stoic and Neoplatonist tradition, the diversity of which resulted in multiple approaches to this principle in the Renaissance period. e ambiguous concept of sympathy is documented in Chapter II which opens with a brief outline of various forms of the doctrine as existing in Renaissance times, namely Ficino’s and Fracastoro’s concept, dealing with several treatises produced in Wittenberg in the 16th century, namely orationes comprised in the corpus of works by Philipp Melanchthon, a writing by Caspar Peucer and �nally also a treatise by Johannes Jessenius, or Daniel Sennert. Chapter III discusses the approach to the philosophy of Phillipp Melanchthon from the perspective of its Aristotelian origins and the in�uence of the Lutheran doctrine. It maps out the principles of the reception of Aristotle’s work by Melanchthon, a reformer from Wittenberg, which also form the groundwork for the method of re�ecting on the theory of sympathy. Aside from Melanchthon’s natural philosophy, this chapter also explores his teachings on ethics and logic. Chapter IV addresses the philosophy of Marsilio Ficino and Girolamo Fracastoro whose works were discussed in Chapter I and Chapter II. is time, the focus turns to their different approach to wine as a medication, again in relation to the natural-philosophical theories of the Renaissance period.

Summary: Studies from Renaissance Philosophy

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e concept of sympathy re-emerges in Chapter V, which topicalizes the concept of analogy in Renaissance thought, speci�cally in the so-called occult sciences. is Chapter discusses the manner in which the Aristotelian theory of qualities (even hidden qualities), combines with the theory of sympathy and the principle of analogy. e function of analogy is here documented primarily in the work of Cornelius Agrippa of Nettesheim. Chapter VI offers a systematic insight into the relationship between philosophy and medicine in the Renaissance period, the partial aspects of which were examined in the preceding �ve chapters. Aside from the aforementioned context of natural philosophy, the chapter also deals with the methodology, logic and philosophical background of anatomy, whilst outlining two branches of Renaissance medicine, the so-called academic and the so-called empirical one. e second half of the publication opens with a chapter on Zoroaster, whose alleged writings were mentioned earlier among the sources of the doctrine on sympathy. Zoroaster is now studied in the context of the tradition of the so-called prisca sapientia, ancient wisdom, as one of its alleged initiators. e inclusion of Zoroaster in this tradition is illustrated using the concepts of Gemistus Pletho, Marsilio Ficino and Francesco Patrizi. e following chapter, Chapter VIII, further speci�es the role played by the tradition of prisca sapientia in the work of the latter, Francesco Patrizi, in dealing with the key metaphysical problem of the relationship between oneness and multiplicity. e chapter focuses especially on Panaugia and Panarchia, the two parts of his important work, Nova de universis philosophia. Francesco Patrizi’s philosophy is also the topic of Chapter IX, which attempts to grasp his method of approaching the issue of the immortality of the human soul. An analysis of particular sections of Patrizi’s Discussiones peripateticae and Pampsichie is employed to illustrate how his work re�ects on one of the most essential disputes in Renaissance philosophy, basically initiated by Pietro Pomponazzi, an Aristotelian thinker from Padua. Following the topic of the immortality of the human soul, Chapter X addresses the issue of human freedom, while being limited to two pivotal and, at the same time, apodictic concepts, the apotheosis of freedom in the work of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola on the one hand, and the rejection of the freedom of will in philosophical terms by Pietro Pomponazzi on the other. Chapters XI and XII in turn focus on the philosophy of Giordano Bruno. First, the content and meaning of Bruno’s so-called metaphysical dialogues are discussed only to turn to the topic of Bruno’s relationship to Copernicanism

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that is mentioned in the �rst of these dialogues, Ash Wednesday Supper. e publication concludes with an analysis of Bruno’s approach to geometry and mathematics. e Studies from Renaissance Philosophy draw on twelve studies produced between 2002 and 2012 during the work on several book publications on Renaissance philosophy.* Most of these papers were presented at conferences in the Czech Republic or abroad and subsequently published in conference anthologies, as speci�ed in the editor’s note. For the purposes of the book publication, these studies have been partially reworked, modi�ed and amended.

* Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, O důstojnosti člověka / De dignitate hominis [Oration on the Dignity of Man], transl. D. Sanetrník, Prague, Oikoymenh 2005; T. Nejeschleba, Jan Jessenius v kontextu renesanční �loso�e [Johannes Jessenius in the Context of Renaissance Philosophy], Prague, Vyšehrad 2008; Giordano Bruno, Dialogy [Dialogues], transl. J. B. Kozák, Prague, Academia 2008; P. Pomponazzi, Pojednání o nesmrtelnosti duše [On the Immortality of the Soul], transl. M. Petříček, Prague, Oikoymenh 2012.

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Ediční poznámka

EDIČNÍ POZNÁMKA Texty jednotlivých kapitol vznikly přepracováním původních článků nebo příspěvků na konferencích uveřejněných v následujících publikacích: kapitola první – Antické zdroje renesanční nauky o sympatii, in: Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis, Philosophica V, Olomouc 2003, s. 185–196; kapitola druhá – e eory of Sympathy and Antipathy in Wittenberg in the 16th Century, in: Centers and Peripheries in European Renaissance Culture, Szeged 2012, s. 135–144; kapitola třetí – Lutheránský aristotelismus – Philipp Melanchthon, in: Studia neoaristotelica, 2, 2005, č. 1, s. 67–82; kapitola čtvtá – Víno v renesanční �loso�i, in: Víno jako multikulturní fenomén, Uherské Hradiště 2009, s. 169–174; kapitola pátá – Analogie v okultních vědách v renesanci, in: P. Dvořák (vyd.), Analogie ve �loso�i a teologii, Brno 2007, s. 163–176; kapitola šestá – Renesanční medicína: academici versus practici, in: L. Fialová – P. Kouba – M. Špaček (ed.), Medicína v kontextu západního myšlení, Praha 2008, s. 38–48; kapitola sedmá Mýtus mága Zorostra v renesanci, in: J. Nechutová (vyd.), Druhý život antického mýtu, Brno 2004, s. 153–162; kapitola osmá – Unum, omnia a triády. K Panarchii a Panaugii Francesca Patriziho, in: M. Jabůrek (vyd.), Jednota a mnohost, Brno 2008, s. 110–119; kapitola devátá – Francesco Patrizi a diskuse o nesmrtelnosti lidské duše, in: M. Jabůrek – T. Nejeschleba (vyd.), Proměny vědění od Augustina k dnešku: Pavlu Flossovi k narozeninám, Brno 2010, s. 64–73; kapitola desátá – Svoboda v renesanční �loso�i (Mirandola a Pomponazzi), in: A. Havlíček (vyd.), Svoboda od antiky po současnost, Ústí nad Labem 2012, s. 80–91; kapitola jedenáctá – „Metafyzické“ dialogy Giordana Bruna, in: G. Bruno, Dialogy, Praha 2008, s. 367–378; kapitola dvanáctá – Giordano Bruno jako obhájce kopernikanismu? in: T. Nejeschleba – P. Floss – J. Michalík – E. Stehura (vyd.), Kosmologie v dějinách a současnosti �loso�e, Olomouc 2009, s. 37–50.

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Obsah

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KAPITOLA OSMÁ Unum, omnia a triády. K Panaugii a Panarchii Franceska Patriziho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

OBSAH

KAPITOLA DEVÁTÁ Předmluva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Francesco Patrizi a diskuse o nesmrtelnosti lidské duše . . . . 119

KAPITOLA PRVNÍ

KAPITOLA DESÁTÁ

Antické zdroje renesanční nauky o sympatii . . . . . . . . . . 8

Svoboda v renesanční filosofii: Mirandola a Pomponazzi . . 130

KAPITOLA DRUHÁ

KAPITOLA JEDENÁCTÁ

Teorie sympatie a antipatie ve Wittenberku v 16. století . . . . 27

„Metafyzické“ dialogy Giordana Bruna . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

KAPITOLA TŘETÍ

KAPITOLA DVANÁCTÁ

Lutheránský aristotelismus – Filip Melanchthon . . . . . . . . . 39

Giordano Bruno jako obhájce kopernikanismu? . . . . . . . 152

KAPITOLA ČTVRTÁ

Prameny a literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Analogie v okultních vědách v renesanci . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Summary: Studies from Renaissance Philosophy . . . . . . . 178

KAPITOLA PÁTÁ Víno v renesanční filosofii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Ediční poznámka

KAPITOLA ŠESTÁ

Jmenný rejstřík . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Renesanční medicína: academici versus practici . . . . . . . 79

KAPITOLA SEDMÁ Mýtus mága Zoroastra v renesanci

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