Imaginarios urbanos tecnológicos: los hilos de las construcciones socio-técnicas de la ciudad

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PAULA VERA

Imaginarios urbanos tecnológicos: los hilos de las construcciones socio-técnicas de la ciudad

HS- Horizontes Sociológicos- AAS- Año 4.- Número 8. Julio-Diciembre 2016.- Argentina.- ISSN: 2346-8645.- Pp. 143-160

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HS- Horizontes Sociológicos | AAS | Buenos Aires | Año 4 | Número 8 | Julio-Diciembre 2016 | ISSN 2346-8645 | pp. 143-160

143

PAULA VERA

Imaginarios urbanos tecnológicos: los hilos de las construcciones socio-técnicas de la ciudad

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144

PAULA VERA

Imaginarios urbanos tecnológicos: los hilos de las construcciones socio-técnicas de la ciudad

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HS- Horizontes Sociológicos | AAS | Buenos Aires | Año 4 | Número 8 | Julio-Diciembre 2016 | ISSN 2346-8645 | pp. 143-160

145

PAULA VERA

Imaginarios urbanos tecnológicos: los hilos de las construcciones socio-técnicas de la ciudad

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146

PAULA VERA

Imaginarios urbanos tecnológicos: los hilos de las construcciones socio-técnicas de la ciudad

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HS- Horizontes Sociológicos | AAS | Buenos Aires | Año 4 | Número 8 | Julio-Diciembre 2016 | ISSN 2346-8645 | pp. 143-160

147

PAULA VERA

Imaginarios urbanos tecnológicos: los hilos de las construcciones socio-técnicas de la ciudad

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148

PAULA VERA

Imaginarios urbanos tecnológicos: los hilos de las construcciones socio-técnicas de la ciudad

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149

PAULA VERA

Imaginarios urbanos tecnológicos: los hilos de las construcciones socio-técnicas de la ciudad

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