Hieroglyph multiplex: अयस् ayas \'alloymetal\' + भरती bharatī (fish + quail, partridge) as \'metal + copper, pewter, tin alloy\'

Hieroglyph multiplex: ayas 'alloymetal' + bharatī (fish + quail, partridge) as 'metal + copper, pewter, tin alloy' In Indus Script Corpora which is catalogus catalogorum of metalwork of Meluhha artisans, a hieroglyph is displayed on 26+ objects shaped like fish (all found at Harappa) and with a high frequency of 1241 as a 'sign' in Mahadevan corpus of about 2000 inscriptions. Variants of fish hieroglyhph occur within this set: áyas n. ʻ metal, iron ʼ RV.Pa. ayō nom. sg. n. and m., aya -- n. ʻ iron ʼ, Pk. aya -- n., Si. ya. ayaścūrṇa -- , ayaskāṇḍa -- , *ayaskūṭa -- .Addenda: áyas -- : Md. da ʻ iron ʼ, dafat ʻ piece of iron ʼ. (CDIAL 590)

Fish 381 Fish + four gills (short strokes) 279 Fish + inverted 'V' superscript 216 Fish + oblique cross line 188 Fish + circumgraph of 4 notches 29 Fish shaped objects 26 Fish + notch (See hieroglyph multiplex on Harappa h-73 seal) I agree with CJ Gadd that parenthesis ( ) hieroglyph component can be seen as split oval or lozenge. This split oval or lozenge is an ingot. Using ( ) as parenthesis, the circumscripted bird (quail, partridge) + fish hieroglyph multiplex can be seen as a descriptive pictorial motif of types of metal ingots: aya 'iron' + bharatI 'alloy of copper, pewter, tin'. Thus, the hieroglyph multiplex of parenthesis + fish + bird may signify the plain text: ingot of iron, alloy of copper, pewter, tin. This makes the portion of the text a descriptive metalwork catalogue of the metals turner (alloy mixer) from sangaR 'fortification'.

m495G

1

m1278

m107

m1169

2

m82

m446

m10

It is submitted that it is consistent to read the bird hierolyph as bharatI 'quail, partridge' Rebus: bharat 'alloy of copper, pewter, tin'. Together with aya 'fish' Rebus: ayas 'metal alloy', the 3

descriptive nature of the metalwork catalogue compiled on Indus inscription becomes a precise delineation of the artisan's competence in metallurgy. Rebus-metonymy cipher of hieroglyph-multiplexes with 'fish' hierolyph component: Fish + scales, aya s (amśu) ‘metallic stalks of stone ore’. Vikalpa: badhoṛ ‘a species of fish with many bones’ (Santali) Rebus: baḍhoe ‘a carpenter, worker in wood’; badhoria ‘expert in working in wood’(Santali) Fish + splinter, aya aduru ‘smelted native metal’ Fish + sloping stroke, aya ḍhāḷ ‘metal ingot’ This may explain the occurrence of three fish hieroglyph multiplexes in sequence in a hypertext, as metalwork descriptive determinants on Mohenjodro 0304 seal impression:

Text. Reading of glyphs on m0314 Seal impression. A notable featue of the sequencing of glyphs is the use of three variants of 'fish' glyphs on line 1 of the inscription. Each variant 'fish' glyph has been distinctively decoded as working with ore, metalwork (forging, turning) and casting. Rebus decoding of glyphs on the seal impression: Three lines of the inscription with glyphs can be read rebus from right to left -- listing the metallurgical competence of the artisans' guild: Line 1: Turner workshop; forge, stone ore, ingot; excellent cast metal Line 2: Metal workshop, ingot furnace, casting, riveting smithy,forge; Furnace scribe Line 3: Smithy, lump of silver (forging metal); Mint, gold furnace; Smithy/forge; Turner small workshop See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2011/11/decoding-longest-inscription-of-indus.html

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Text 1623/Text 2847 Sign 81 The bharatI bird (quail, partridge) within parenthesis denotes: ingot of bharat 'alloy of copper, pewter, tin' Decoding the identical inscription on Prism tablets m0494 and m0495 Line 1 Turner, mint, brass-work, furnace scribe, smelter, gridiron smithy, smithy/forge Line 2 Mineral (ore), furnace/altar, furnace scribe workshop; metal (a kind of iron), casting furnace; cast metal ingot; casting workshop Line 3 Furnace scribe workshop; cast bronze; kiln; gridiron; casting workshop; smithy (with) furnace; cast bronze; native metal; metal turner; furnace scribe. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2011/11/decoding-longest-inscription-of-indus.html

This indication of the occurrence, together, of two or more 'fish' hieroglyphs with modifiers is an assurance that the modifiers ar semantic indicators of how aya 'metal' is worked on by the artisans. ayakāṇḍa ‘’large quantity of stone (ore) metal’ or aya kaṇḍa, ‘metal fire-altar’. ayo, hako 'fish'; = scales of fish (Santali); rebus: aya ‘metal, iron’ (G.); ayah, ayas = metal (Skt.) 5

Santali lexeme, hako ‘fish’ is concordant with a proto-Indic form which can be identified as ayo in many glosses, Munda, Sora glosses in particular, of the Indian linguistic area. beḍa hako (ayo) ‘fish’ (Santali); beḍa ‘either of the sides of a hearth’ (G.) Munda: So. ayo `fish'. Go. ayu `fish'. Go (Z), (Z),, (A) {N} ``^fish''. Kh. kaDOG `fish'. Sa. Hako `fish'. Mu. hai (H) ~ haku(N) ~ haikO(M) `fish'. Ho haku `fish'. Bj. hai `fish'. Bh.haku `fish'. KW haiku ~ hakO |Analyzed hai-kO, ha-kO (RDM). Ku. Kaku`fish'.@(V064,M106) Mu. ha-i, haku `fish' (HJP). @(V341) ayu>(Z), (Z) (A) {N} ``^fish''. #1370. \\(L) {N} ``^fish''. #3612. ,,(LMD) {N} ``prawn''. !Serango dialect. #32612. ,,(D) {N} ``prawn''. #32622. (ZL) {N} ``a kind of ^fish''. *Or.. #32632. (LL) {N} ``a kind of ^fish''. #32642.(DL) {N} ``smoked fish''. #15163. Vikalpa: Munda: (L) {N} ``^scales of a fish, sharp bark of a tree''.#10171. So(L) {N} ``^scales of a fish, sharp bark of a tree''. Indian mackerel Ta. ayirai, acarai, acalai loach, sandy colour, Cobitis thermalis; ayilai a kind of fish. Ma.ayala a fish, mackerel, scomber; aila, ayila a fish; ayira a kind of small fish, loach (DEDR 191) aduru native metal (Ka.); ayil iron (Ta.) ayir, ayiram any ore (Ma.); ajirda karba very hard iron (Tu.)(DEDR 192). Ta. ayil javelin, lance, surgical knife, lancet.Ma. ayil javelin, lance; ayiri surgical knife, lancet. (DEDR 193). aduru = gan.iyinda tegadu karagade iruva aduru = ore taken from the mine and not subjected to melting in a furnace (Ka. Siddhānti Subrahmaṇya’ Śastri’s new interpretation of the AmarakoŚa, Bangalore, Vicaradarpana Press, 1872, p.330); adar = fine sand (Ta.); ayir – iron dust, any ore (Ma.) Kur. adar the waste of pounded rice, broken grains, etc. Malt. adru broken grain (DEDR 134). Ma. aśu thin, slender;ayir, ayiram iron dust.Ta. ayir subtlety, fineness, fine sand, candied sugar; ? atar fine sand, dust. அய.ர³ ayir, n. 1. Subtlety, fineness; நணசம. (த_வ_.) 2. [M. ayir.] Fine sand; நணமணல. (மலசலப. 92.) ayiram, n. Candied sugar; ayil, n. cf. ayas. 1. Iron; 2. Surgical knife, lancet; Javelin, lance; ayilavaṉ, Skanda, as bearing a javelin (DEDR 341).Tu. gadarů a lump (DEDR 1196)

Ayo ‘fish’; kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ See: loadstone. (Molesworth. Marathi)

[ ayaskānta ] m S (The iron gem.) The

Fish + circumgraph of 4 (gaNDa) notches: aya kāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ) The gloss kāṇḍa may also signify 'metal implements'. A cognate compound in Santali has: me~r.he~t khaNDa 'iron implements'.

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Mohenjo-daro Seals m1118 and Kalibangan 032, glyphs used are: Zebu (bos taurus indicus), fish, four-strokes (allograph: arrow).ayo ‘fish’ (Mu.) + kaṇḍa ‘arrow’ (Skt.) aya kāṇḍa ‘a quantity of iron, excellent iron’ (Pāṇ.gaṇ) aya = iron (G.); ayah, ayas = metal (Skt.) gaṆḌa, ‘four’ (Santali); Rebus: kaṇḍ ‘fire-altar’, ‘furnace’), arrow read rebus in mleccha (Meluhhan) as a reference to a guild of artisans working with ayaskāṇḍa ‘excellent quantity of iron’ (Pāṇini) is consistent with the primacy of economic activities which resulted in the invention of a writing system, now referred to as Indus Writing. poLa 'zebu' Rebus: poLa 'magnetite'. ‘Dotted circle’ is a sacred glyph. It is a hieroglyph.

Text 5477 Dotted circles + circumscribed fish + 'comb' motif. aya ‘fish’ (Mu.); rebus: aya ‘metal’ (Skt.) gaṇḍa set of four (Santali) kaṇḍa ‘fire-altar’ khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ‘ turner’ (G.) Alternative: Hindi k gherā m. ʻ caste of comb -- makers ʼ, °rī f. ʻa woman of this casteʼ. kāmsako, kāmsiyo = a large sized comb (Gujarati); Rebus: k sāri ʻpewterer’ (Bengali)

Comb motif + fish + arrow on Text 4604 Fish + notch: Sign 15 occurs togethe with a notch-in-fixed fish hieroglyph on Harappa 73 seal:

Harappa seal (H-73)[Note: the hieroglyph ‘water carrier’ pictorial of Ur Seal Impression becomes a hieroglyph sign] Hieroglyph: fish + notch: aya 7

'fish' + khāṇḍā m A jag, notch Rebus: aya 'metal'+ khāṇḍā ‘tools, pots and pans, metalware’. kuṭi 'water-carrier' Rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter'. [ khōṇḍā ] m A

bullcalf;

(p. 216) [khōṇḍa] m A young bull, a

of which one end is formed into a cowl or hood.

[

khōṇḍarūṃ ] n A contemptuous form of in the sense of -cowl (Marathi); kōḍe dūḍa bull calf (Telugu); kōṛe 'young bullock' (Konda) rebus: kõdā ‘to turn in a lathe’ (Bengali) [The characteristic pannier which is ligatured to the young bull pictorial hieroglyph is a synonym

'cowl' or 'pannier').

temporarily out of a

, to hold or fend off grain, chaff &c.) ]

young bull, a bullcalf.(Marathi) sense of

-cowl.

[ khōṇḍī ] f An outspread shovelform sack (as formed (p. 216) [ khōṇḍa ] m A

[ khōṇḍarūṃ ] n A contemptuous form of

[ khōṇḍā ] m A

in the

of which one end is formed into a cowl or

hood. [ khōṇḍī ] f An outspread shovelform sack (as formed temporarily out of a hold or fend off grain, chaff &c.) Hieroglyph: kōḍ 'horn' Rebus: kōḍ 'place where artisans work, workshop'

[

,

kundana, kōndana ] n act of turning (a thing) on a lathe; act of carving (Bengali) (p. 154) [ kātārī or kāntārī ] m (

, to

or

) A turner.(Marathi)

[ khōdakāma ] n Sculpture; carved work or work for the carver.

Rebus:

[ khōdagirī ] f Sculpture, carving, engraving: also sculptured or carved work.

[

khōdaṇēṃ ] v c & i ( H) To dig. 2 To engrave [ khōdīṃva ] p of Dug. 2 Engraved, carved, sculptured. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/04/excavations-at-dholavifra-19892005-rs.html The intimations of a metals turner as a scribe are also gleaned from the gloss: khōḍākhōḍa or ḍī ] f (

[

) Erasing, altering, interlining &c. in numerous places: also the

scratched, scrawled, and disfigured state of the paper so operated upon; ] p of

or [ khōḍīṃva

[ khōḍapatra

v c Erased or crossed out.Marathi).

] n Commonly . [ khōṭapatra ] n In law or in caste-adjudication. A written acknowledgment taken from an offender of his falseness or guilt: also, in disputations, from the person confuted. (Marathi) Thus, khond 'turner' is also an engraver, scribe. That a metals turner is engaged in metal alloying is evident from the gloss: [ khōṭa ] f A mass of metal (unwrought or of old metal melted down); an ingot or wedge. Hence 2 A lump or solid bit (as of phlegm, gore, curds, inspissated milk); any concretion or clot. or made of

, as

.

8

Composed

In addition, hierolyph multiplexes include 'fish': fish + bird within parenthesis; bird + fish within parenthesis. In the context of the water-carrier hieroglyph PLUS stars enclosed within parenthesis, CJ Gadd had rightly noted that these are determinatives that the writing system was hieroglyphic. By ligaturing hieroglyph components and by creating hieroglyph multiplexes such as fish + bird, the messaging system seeks to convey semantics of the technical specifications of metalwork catalogues.

With curved horns, the ’anthropomorph’ is a ligature of a mountain goat or markhor (makara) and a fish incised between the horns. Typical find of Gangetic Copper Hoards. At Sheorajpur, three anthropomorphs in metal were found. (Sheorajpur, Dt. Kanpur. Three anthropomorphic figures of copper. AI, 7, 1951, pp. 20, 29). One anthropomorph had fish hieroglyph incised on the chest of the copper object, Sheorajpur, upper Ganges valley, ca. 2nd millennium BCE, 4 kg; 47.7 X 39 X 2.1 cm. State Museum, Lucknow (O.37) Typical find of Gangetic Copper Hoards. miṇḍāl markhor (Tor.wali) meḍho a ram, a sheep (G.)(CDIAL 10120) Rebus: meḍh ‘helper of merchant’ (Gujarati) meḍ iron (Ho.) meṛed-bica = iron stone ore, in contrast to bali-bica, iron sand ore (Munda) ayo ‘fish’ Rebus: ayo, ayas ‘metal. Thus, together read rebus: ayo meḍh ‘iron stone ore, metal merchant.’ See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/01/meluhha-hieroglyphs-snarling-iron-of.html See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/05/composite-copper-alloy-anthropomorphic.html miṇḍāl markhor (Tor.wali) meḍho a ram, a sheep (G.)(CDIAL 10120) Rebus: meḍh ‘helper of merchant’ (Gujarati) meḍ iron (Ho.) meṛed-bica = iron stone ore, in contrast to bali-bica, iron sand ore (Munda) ayo ‘fish’ Rebus: ayo, ayas ‘metal. Thus, together read rebus: ayo meḍh ‘iron stone ore, metal merchant.’ 9

ayo ‘fish’ (Mu.); rebus: ayo ‘metal’ (Gujarati); ayas ‘alloy’ (Sanskrit) ayo kanka ‘fish+ rim-ofjar’ rebus: metal (alloy) account (kaṇakku) scribe. karNaka 'rim of jar' karava 'narrow neck jar' Rebus: karNI 'supercargo' karNIka 'scribe' karba 'iron' kharva 'nidhi, wealth'. kāruvu 'artisan' (Telugu) khār 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri)

Seal National Museum, Delhi. barad, barat 'ox' Rebus: bharat 'alloy of copper, pewter, tin'(Marathi) On a Mohenjo-daro seal, ayo 'fish' read rebus ayas 'metal'; ḍangar 'bull' read rebus ḍhangar 'blacksmith'; koṭ 'horn; red rebus: khoṭ 'alloy'; khoṇḍ 'young bull-calf' read rebus khuṇḍ '(metal) turner'. The ayo 'fish' hieroglyph thus adequately categorizes the metalware contents of a pot discovered in Susa.

Kalibangan 37, 34 Two Kalibangan seals show an antelope and fish glyphs as the inscription. Mẽḍha ‘antelope’; rebus: ‘iron’ (Ho.) ayo ‘fish’; rebs: ayo ‘metal’ (G.) [These are examples which clearly demonstrate that Indus script is a glyptic writing system and hence, all glyphs and glyptic elements have to be decoded.] miṇḍālmarkhor (Tor.wali) meḍho a ram, a sheep (G.)(CDIAL 10120) iron (Ho.) meṛed-bica = iron stone ore, in contrast to bali-bica, iron sand ore (Munda) meḍ ‘iron’. Matsya avatara in Hindu tradition, Fish hieroglyph ligatured to a man from Nimrud, Khorsabad artefacts and a Babylonian seal

10

11

12

Source for images: http://alternatewars.com/Mythology/Reliquary/Reliquary_Mermaid_Symbolism.htm

m1429C ayo ‘fish’ (Mu.); rebus: aya ‘(alloyed) metal’ (G.) kāru a wild crocodile or alligator (Te.) Rebus: khār a blacksmith, an iron worker (cf. bandūka-khār) (Kashmiri) ayakāra ‘blacksmith’ (Pali)

One side of a triangular terracotta tablet (Md 013); surface find at Mohenjo-daro in 1936. Dept. of Eastern Art, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

Hieroglyph: kamaḍha 'penance' (Prakrit) kamaḍha, kamaṭha, kamaḍhaka, kamaḍhaga, kamaḍhaya = a type of penance (Prakrit)

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Rebus: kamaṭamu, kammaṭamu = a portable furnace for melting precious metals; kammaṭīḍu = a goldsmith, a silversmith (Telugu) k ṛauṭ jeweller's crucible made of rags and clay (Bi.); kampaṭṭam coinage, coin, mint (Tamil) kamaṭhāyo = a learned carpenter or mason, working on scientific principles; kamaṭhāṇa [cf. karma, kām, business + sthāna, thāṇam, a place fr. Skt. sthā to stand] arrangement of one’s business; putting into order or managing one’s business (Gujarati) The composition of two hieroglyphs: kāru 'crocodile' (Telugu) + kamaḍha 'a person seated in penance' (Prakrit) denote rebus: khar ‘blacksmith’ (Kashmiri); kāru ‘artisan’ (Marathi) + kamaṭa 'portable furnace'; kampaṭṭam 'coinage, coin, mint'. Thus, what the tablet conveys is the mint of a blacksmith. A copulating crocodile hieroglyph -- kāru 'crocodile' (Telugu) + kamḍa, khamḍa 'copulation' (Santali) -- conveys the same message: mint of a blacksmith kāru kampaṭṭa 'mint artisan'.

m1429B and two other tablets showing the typical composite hieroglyph of fish + crocodile. Glyphs: crocodile + fish ayakāra ‘blacksmith’ (Pali) kāru a wild crocodile or alligator (Telugu) aya 'fish' (Munda) The method of ligaturing enables creation of compound messages through Indus writing inscriptions. kārua wild crocodile or alligator (Telugu) Rebus: khar ‘blacksmith’ (Kashmiri); kāru ‘artisan’ (Marathi). Pali: ayakāra ‘iron-smith’. ] Both ayaskāma and ayaskāra are attested in Panini (Pan. viii.3.46; ii.4.10). WPah. bhal. kamīṇ m.f. labourer (man or woman) ; MB. kāmiṇā labourer (CDIAL 2902) N. kāmi blacksmith (CDIAL 2900). Kashmiri glosses:

khār 1 । m. (sg. abl. khāra 1 ; the pl. dat. of this word is khāran 1 , which is to be distinguished from khāran 2, q.v., s.v.), a blacksmith, an iron worker (cf. bandūka-khār, p. 111b, l. 46; K.Pr. 46; H. xi, 17); a farrier (El.). This word is often a part of a name, and in such case comes at the end (W. 118) as in Wahab khār, Wahab the smith (H. ii, 12; vi, 17). khārabasta khāra-basta

-

।

&above; &below; ।

f. the skin bellows of a blacksmith. -büṭhü f. the wall of a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -bāy -

f. a blacksmith s wife (Gr.Gr. 34). -d kuru a sledge-hammer. -g ji or -güjü -

m. a blacksmith s hammer,

f. a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -hāl 14

। ।

f. (sg. dat. -höjü - &above; &below;), a blacksmith's smelting furnace; cf. hāl 5. kūrü

f. a blacksmith's daughter. -koṭu -

m. the son of a blacksmith, esp.

a skilful son, who can work at the same profession. -küṭü f. a blacksmith's daughter, esp. one who has the virtues and qualities properly belonging to her father's profession or caste. më˘ʦü 1 -

f. (for 2, see [khāra 3] ), blacksmith s earth, i.e. iron-ore. -

n cyuwu m. a blacksmith's son. -nay - । f. (for khāranay 2, see [khārun] ), the trough into which the blacksmith allows melted iron to flow after smelting. -ʦa wān

।

।

f.pl. charcoal used by blacksmiths in their furnaces. m. a blacksmith's shop, a forge, smithy (K.Pr. 3). -waṭh -

m. (sg. dat. -waṭas -

।

), the large stone used by a blacksmith as an anvil.

Thus, kharvaṭ may refer to an anvil. Meluhha kāru may refer to a crocodile; this rebus reading of the hieroglyph is.consistent with ayakāra ‘ironsmith’ (Pali) [fish = aya (G.); crocodile = kāru (Telugu)]

Lothal seal. L048 ibex

A fragment of a relief 'The spinner' made of bitumen mastic of Neo-Elamite period (8th cent. BCE-mid 6th cent. BCE) was found in Susa. This fragment displayed a well-coiffured woman being fanned by an attendant while the woman wearing bangles on both arms -- seated on a stool with feline legs -- held what may be a spinning device before a table with feline legs with a bowl containing a whole fish with six blobs assembled on top of the fish. Hieroroglyph: aya 'fish' Rebus: aya 'iron' (Gujarati) ayas 'metal' (Rigveda) kola 'tiger' Rebus: kolle 'blacksmith' kol 'working in iron'; kolhe 'smelter' kole.l 'smithy, temple'; kolimi 'smithy, forge' Hieroglyph: bhaTa 'six' Rebus: baTa 'furnace'. kAtI 'spinner' Rebus: kAtI 'wheelwright'

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Jasper cylinder seal with kneeling nude heroes, ca. 2220–2159 b.c.; Akkadian Mesopotamia Red jasper H. 1 1/8 in. (2.8 cm), Diam. 5/8 in. (1.6 cm) Metropolitan Museum of Art - USA Four flag-posts(reeds) with rings on top held by the kneeling persons define the four components of the iron smithy/forge. This is an announcement of four shops,

(Gujarati.

Marathi). 'rings' Rebus: shop .āra serpent Rebus; āra brass . karaḍa 'doubledrum' Rebus: karaḍa 'hard alloy'. Specific materials offered for sale/exchange in the shop are: hard alloy brass metal (ayo, fish); lokhaṇḍ (overflowing pot) 'metal tools, pots and pans, metalware'; arka/erka 'copper'; kammaṭa (a portable furnace for melting precious metals) 'coiner, mint' Thus, the four shops are: 1. brass alloys, 2. metalware, 3. copper and 4. mint (services). erãguḍu bowing, salutation (Telugu) iṟai (-v-, -nt-) to bow before (as in salutation), worship (Tamil)(DEDR 516). Rebus: eraka, eṟaka any metal infusion (Kannada.Tulu) eruvai 'copper' (Tamil); ere dark red (Kannada)(DEDR 446). puṭa Anything folded or doubled so as to form a cup or concavity; crucible. Alternative: ḍhālako = a large metal ingot (G.) ḍhālakī = a metal heated and poured into a mould; a solid piece of metal; an ingot (Gujarati) Allograph:

[ ḍhāla ] f (S through H) The grand flag of an army directing its march and

encampments: also the standard or banner of a chieftain: also a flag flying on forts &c.

[

ḍhālakāṭhī ] f m A flagstaff; esp.the pole for a grand flag or standard. 2 fig. The leading and sustaining member of a household or other commonwealth. 5583 ḍhāla n. ʻ shield ʼ lex. 2. *ḍhāllā -- . 1. Tir. (Leech) "dàl" ʻ shield ʼ, Bshk. ḍāl, Ku. ḍhāl, gng. ḍhāw, N. A. B. ḍhāl, Or. ḍhāḷa, Mth. H. ḍhāl m.2. Sh. ḍal (pl. °le) f., K. ḍāl f., S. ḍhāla, L. ḍhāl (pl. °lã) f., P. ḍhāl f., G. M. ḍhāl f. WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ḍhāˋl f. (obl. -- a) ʻ shield ʼ (a word used in salutation), J. ḍhāl f. (CDIAL 5583). They are four Glyphs: paṭākā 'flag' Rebus: āṭaka, four quarters of the village. k ḍ reed Rebus: kāṇḍa 'tools, pots and pans, metal-ware'. 1. Pk. kamaḍha -- , °aya -- m. ʻ bamboo ʼ; Bhoj. kōro ʻ bamboo poles ʼ. 2. N. kāmro ʻ bamboo, lath, piece of wood ʼ, OAw. kāṁvari ʻ bamboo pole with slings at each end for carrying things ʼ, H. k waṛ, °ar, kāwaṛ, °ar f., G. kāvaṛf., M. kāvaḍ f.; -- deriv. Pk. kāvaḍia -- , kavvāḍia -- m. ʻ one who carries a yoke ʼ, H. k waṛī, °ṛiyā m., G. kāvaṛiyɔ m. 3. S. kāvāṭhī f. ʻ carrying pole ʼ, kāvāṭhyo m. ʻ the man who carries it ʼ. 4. Or. kāmaṛā, °muṛā ʻ rafters of a thatched house ʼ; G. kāmṛũ n., °ṛī f. ʻ chip of bamboo ʼ, kāmaṛ -- koṭiyũ n. ʻ bamboo hut ʼ. 5. B. kāmṭhā ʻ bow ʼ, G. kāmṭhũ n., °ṭhī f. ʻ bow ʼ; M. kamṭhā, °ṭā m. ʻ bow of bamboo or horn ʼ; -- deriv. 16

G. kāmṭhiyɔ m. ʻ archer ʼ. 6. A. kabāri ʻ flat piece of bamboo used in smoothing an earthen image ʼ. 7. k bīṭ, °baṭ, °bṭī, kāmīṭ, °maṭ, °mṭī, kāmṭhī, kāmāṭhī f. ʻ split piece of bamboo &c., lath ʼ.(CDIAL 2760). kambi f. ʻ branch or shoot of bamboo ʼ lex. Pk. kaṁbi -- , °bī -- , °bā -- f. ʻ stick, twig ʼ, OG. kāṁba; M. k b f. ʻ longitudinal division of a bamboo &c., bar of iron or other metal ʼ. (CDIAL 2774).

[ kambaḍī ] f A slip or split piece (of a bamboo &c.)(Marathi) [ pēṇḍhēṃ ]

The rings atop the reed standard: loop or metal ring (as attached to the

of the

[ pēṇḍakēṃ ] n Weaver's term. A cordand to certain other fixtures).

[ pēṇḍēṃ

] n ( ) A necklace composed of strings of pearls. 2 A loop or ring. Rebus: (Gujaráthí word.) A shop (Marathi) Alternative: koṭiyum [koṭ, koṭī neck] a wooden circle put round the neck of an animal (Gujarati) Rebus: ācāri koṭṭya = forge, kammāra āle (Tulu)

The four hieroglyphs define the four quarters of the village smithy/forge: alloy, metalware, turner's lathe-work, cruble (or, ingot). ayo 'fish' Rebus: ayo 'metal, alloy' [ kāṇḍamu ] kānḍamu. [Skt.] n. Water. (Telugu) kaṇṭhá -- : (b) ʻ water -channel ʼ: Paš. kaṭāˊ ʻ irrigation channel ʼ, Shum. xãṭṭä. (CDIAL 14349). lokhãḍ 'overflowing pot' Rebus: ʻtools, iron, ironwareʼ (Gujarati) arká1 m. ʻ flash, ray, sun ʼ RV. [√arc] Pa. Pk. akka -- m. ʻ sun ʼ, Mth. āk; Si. aka ʻ lightning ʼ, inscr. vid -- äki ʻ lightning flash ʼ.(CDIAL 624) அ

அ

ணந

(த

.

arukkaṉ, n. < arka. Sun;

ய .

ய . 3, 1).(Tamil) agasāle goldsmithy

(Kannada) [ agasāli ] or aga āli. n. A goldsmith. . (Telugu) erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Kannada) cf. eruvai = copper (Tamil) eraka, er-aka = any metal infusion (Ka.Tu.); erako molten cast (Tulu) Rebus: eraka = copper (Ka.) eruvai = copper (Ta.); ere - a dark-red colour (Ka.)(DEDR 817). eraka, era, er-a = syn. erka, copper, weapons (Ka.) erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Kannada) akka, aka (Tadbhava of arka) metal; akka metal (Te.) arka = copper (Skt.) erako molten cast (Tulu) Alternative: kunda 'jasmine flower' Rebus: kunda ʻa turner s latheʼ. kundaṇa pure gold. The image could denote a crucible or a portable furnace: kammaṭa 'coiner, mint, a portable furnace for melting precious metals (Telugu) On some cylinder seals, this image is shown held aloft on a stick, comparable to the bottom register of the 'standard device' normally shown in front of a one-horned young bull. Alternatives: puṭa Anything folded or doubled so as to form a cup or concavity; crucible. Ta. kuvai, kukai crucible. Ma. kuva id. Ka. kōve id. Tu. kōvè id., mould. (DEDR 1816). Alternative: Shape of ingot:

[daḷamu] daḷamu. [Skt.] n. A

leaf. . A petal. A part, . dala n. ʻ leaf, petal ʼ MBh. Pa. Pk. dala -- n. ʻ leaf, petal ʼ, G. M. daḷ n.(CDIAL 6214). (MP) {N} ``^branch, ^twig''. *Kh.(D) `dry leaves when fallen', ~, ~ `twig', Sa., Mu., ~ `big branch of a tree', ~ `a twig or small branch with fresh leaves on it', So. `branch', H., B., O., Pk.. %7811. #7741.(Munda etyma) 17

Rebus: ḍhālako = a large metal ingot (G.) ḍhālakī = a metal heated and poured into a mould; a solid piece of metal; an ingot (Gujarati). http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2014/01/meluhha-overflowing-pot-hieroglyph.html S. Kalyanaraman Sarasvati Research Center August 13, 2015

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