Foothills Parkway Section 8B Final Environmental Report, Volume 2, Appendices A-C
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
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Foothills Parkway Section 813 Final Environmental Report
Volume
2
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MARTIN/
Appendices
A-C
Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geologic Impacts Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-. . ..- Soil Sumey Report Appendix C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Water Quality Studies ~
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July 1999
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MANAGEDANDOPERATEDBY LOOKHEED MARllN ENERGYRESEARCH CORPORATION FORTHEUNITEDSTAT= DEPARTMENT OFENERGY ORNL-27 (3-96)
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Preparedfor T%eNational Park Service DenverServiceCenterand The Great Smolq MountainsNational Park
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DISCLAIMER This repofi was prepared as an account of work sponsored byanagency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or ‘ otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
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DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document.
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VOLUME 2 SUMMARY
In 1994, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) was tasked by the National Park Service (NPS) to prepare an Environmental Report (ER) for Section 8B of the Foothills Parkway in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). Section 8B represents 27.7 km (14.2 miles) of a total of 115 km (72 miles) of the planned Foothills Parkway and would connect the Cosby community on the east to the incorporated town of Pittman Center to the west. The major deliverables for the project are listed below. Study Plan
August 1994
First Field/Progress Report
October 1994
Second Progress Report
February 1995
Third Progress Report
June 1995
Draft Environmental Report
April 1997
Final Environmental Report
July 1999
From August 1995 through October 1996, NW, GSMNP, and ORNL staff interacted with Federal Highway Administration stal%to develop a conceptual design plan for Section 8B with the intent “ of protecting critical resources identified during the ER process to the extent possible. In addition, ORNL arranged for bioengineenng experts to discuss techniques that might be employed on Section 8B with NPS, GSMNP, and ORNL staff during September 1996. For the purposes of this EN there are two basic alternatives under consideration: (1) a build alternative and (2) a no-build alternative. Within the build alternative are a number of options including constructing Section 8B with no interchanges, constmcting Section 8B with an interchange at SR416 or U.S. 321, constructing Section 8B with a spur road on Webb Mountain, and considering operation of Section 8B both before and after the operation of Section 8C. The no-build alternative is considered the no-action alternative and is not to construct Section 8B. This volume of the E~ which consists of Appendices A, B, and C, assesses the potential geologic impacts of the proposed Section 8B construction, presents the results of the Section 8B soil survey, and describes the water quality studies and analyses petiormed for the ER. The following summary sections provide information for geolo~, soils, and water quality.
APPENDIX k
GEOLOGIC IMPACTS
During 1994 and 1995, existing information on geology and soils along the proposed right-of-way (ROW) was compiled and evaluated, and supplemental information was collected to characterize the existing environment in order to evaluate potential environmental impacts of the proposed project. The geology and soils investigation was presented in the April 1997 and this final ER. Specific completed objectives of the geology and soils assessment areas follows:
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verified and augmented published geological and structural data along the proposed rout% mapped soils within the ROW using National Cooperative Soil Survey Standards and mapped bodies of colluvium and alluvium along the ROW to identifi potential problem areas related to slope stability and hydrologically important areas and wetlands; collected data on fi-acture systems present in the bedrock and commented on particular ROW segments that might be tiected by combinations of surface dip due to fractures, bedding/cleavage, and rock typq and provided impact assessment of engineering properties of the different bedrock types, brittle faults that might cause problems, potential construction hazards in karst areas and relationships to groundwater systems, and pyritic zones which could contribute to stream acidification.
For the analysis of potential geologic impacts, Section 8B was subdivided into nine segments defined solely on the basis of bedrock, surficial, and engineering geological factors. The analysis of these segments resulted in the foIlowing recommendations: 9
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employ all necessary engineering practices (including bioengineering techniques) to all build options to maintain slope stability, control pyritic material, accommodate deeply weathered rock, and to avoid brittle fault zones; construct Section 8B as soon as fbnds can be made available, including minor adjustments in the locations of the center line of the roadway (to avoid construction on steep slopes> complete Sections 8E and 8F as a first priori~, and complete the sections of the Foothills Parkway that can be completed economically with minimal impact on the environment to fiuther the basic intents of the parkway concept.
APPENDIX B: SOIL SURVEY REPORT As part of the investigation, detailed soil mapping of the entire ROW was completed by a soil mapping expert. The goals of the soil survey-which are similar to and interconnected with those of the geological surveys-were to locate, map, and evaluate (1) the presence or lack of pyritic materials, (2) the extent of pyritic materials, (3) the extent of potentially unstable colluvial soils and areas where slumps have occurred close to the parkway centerline, (4) the faults that cross the ROW, (5) the potential erosion hazard of the natural undisturbed soils and the disturbed soils during construction, and (6) areas where there are wetlands. Appendix B details the results of the investigations and surveys designed to meet these goals.
APPENDIX C: WATER QUALITY STUDIES Thirty stations located on 21 streams were selected for water quality sampling at intervals ranging from monthly to twice during the period from July 1994 to June 1995. This baseline itiormation was used to evaluate the potential for major deterioration of water quality in some areas (particularly surface water acidification as a result of exposure of pyritic materials). A l-year study (1994-95) of water quality in the area of “tie Section 8B ROW was conducted to characterize existing, baseline conditions. For streams that cross the ROW but originate outside of i$ sampling stations were located at sites upstream and downstream of the ROW (primarily streams in the
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Pittman Center and Rocky Flats areas). For streams that originate within the ROW, a downstream station was selected (e.g., streams draining Webb Mountain and Big Ridge). Early results fkom the monthly sampling showed somewhat higher sulfate levels in the three streams draining the central portion of Webb Mountain than in the other streams sampled. Therefore, a one-time survey sampling of streams draining Webb Mountain was conducted on March 20, 1995 (some stations were collected again in June 1995). In addition to the routine water quality sampling, several instances of storm flow were sampled to evaluate short-term water quality changes resulting from stormflow in selected streams (changes that would not be detected in results from the monthly sampling). Water quality parameters measured included water temperature, electrical conductance, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended sediments, major cations and anions, ammonium, nitrite plus nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus, trace metals, and mercury. The trace metals and mercury measurements were made quarterly at each station (September, December, March, June) and for one or two storms at each storm sampling station. The water quality measurements were designed to allow inferences regarding (1) conditions for fish and other aquatic bioa (2) current effects of agriculture and other human activities in the catchments of these streams, (3) the likelihood of the presence of pyritic materials in the ROW, and (4) potential effects of parkway construction and operation on the surface waters. Details of field and laboratory water quality analysis procedures, da@ and quality assurance/quality control considerations are hcluded in Appendix C.
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Appendix A GEOLOGIC IMPACTS
Mark Carter University of Tennessee Knoxville, Temessee Robert T). Hatcher University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this report is to describe the geology along the proposed Foothills Parkway, Section 8B that extends from Pittman Center to Cosby, Tennessee (Fig. A. I). Geologic data (Figs. A.2 and A.3) and analyses described in this report were collected and made by Mark W. Carter and Robert D. Hatcher, Jr., from January through June 1995. These data include description and distribution of rock units exposed along the 8B.right-of-way, orientations of prominent structural features that might al%ectenvironmental impact during and after construction (bedding, cIeavage, joints, and faults), and a segment-by-segment analysis of potential impacts. Geologic data in this report can also be integrated with geotechnical data that impact engineering design of the proposed roadway and related land-use options.
The following is a summary of the original goals for geologic work on this projec~ augmented by comments on progress made toward attainment of each goal. Several of the comments and data presented in this summary are discussed in greater detail in the sections that follow:
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Veri& contacts between bedrock and surficial geologic units; augment existing published USGS geologic and s&uctural data along the proposed route. Section 8B right-of-way lies wholly within an area in which the geology was previously mapped by Hamilton (1961) at a scale of 1:24,000. Several modifications of his work have been made that include refinement of rock units, and locations of contacts between several rock units, and several new, albeit minor, faults. These refinements are the result of 1:12,000-scale mapping, and collection of new stratigraphic and structural data from new roadcuts that were not available and along foot traverses not made by Hamilton.
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Locate pyritic zones in slates that might cause problems either with long-term stability of construction materials and cuts, or contribute to stream pollution. The Pigeon Siltstone, the clay slate sequence on top of this uni~ and the Great Smoky Group rocks of Webb Mountain and Big Ridge along the proposed route contain small amounts of pyrite and related sulfide minerals. Several thin, traceable, or interbedded sulfidic slates occur in the clay slate unit and in the Great Smoky Grouy rocks. Additionally, the right-of-way transects unconsolidated Quatemary colluvium and landslide deposits composed of blocks of sandstone and other rock types derived from the Great Smoky Group from either Webb Mountain or Greenbrier Pinnacle, which also contain minimal amounts of pyrite and other sulfide minerals.
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ORNL-DWG
El ❑ ❑ pz
Middle Cambrian and younger
... .. . Lower Cambrian Chilhowee Group, : ; Rome Formation, and Shady Dolomite
pre- or synmetamorphic faults
postrnetamorptric faults
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‘~. Great Smoky GIoup
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;:10 m) and areal extent (from a few hectares to >10 krn2. The water
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ORNL-DWG
95M-8720
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Dunn Creek fault (premetamorphic) Low-angle thrust fault (postmetamorphic)
Walden Creek Group
Wilhite Fm
High-angle thrust fault (postmetamorphic)
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Strike and dip of bedding WY
Strike of vertical bedding +47
Strike and dip of overturned bedding
and, (4) Walden Creek Group rocks underlie Chilhowee Group rocks south of Chilhowee, English, and Stone Mountains, Tennessee (Sections 8A, 8B, and 8F) (Fig. A. 1). The Snowbird Group consists of clean to unclean sandstone (feldspathic sandstone to graywacke), shale, and siltston~ the Great Smoky Group consists of medium to massive beds of unclean sandstone and conglomerate (mostly graywacke), and dark shale (appreciably pyritic); and the Walden Creek Group consists of siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate, and limestone.
Hamilton (1961) concluded that the earliest structures in the vicinity of Section 8B were map-scale E–W trending folds @l) that were obliquely cut by slaty cleavage. The rocks underlying Webb Mountain were deformed by early folds, thus Webb Mountain is a topographic expression of one of these early structures. Several major faults, including the Dunn Creek and Greenbrier faults (Fig. Al), are thought to have formed before or during this early folding even~ because they are also overprinted by regional metamorphism and cleavage (Hamilton 1961; Hadley and Goldsmith
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1963; IGng 1964). During metamorphism, the dominant axial-planar slaty cleavage formed synchronous with NE-SW trending folds in this region (F2 structures). Later major brittle faults transported the entire mass westward over Valley and Ridge rocks, followed by brittle strike-slip faults of the Gatlinburg-Pigeon Forge fault system, which displaced all previously formed structures. The last stmctures to form in this region were joints. * Local Geology Along Section 8B
The 8B right-of-way is underlain by the Pigeon SiltStone [uppermost Snowbird Group], a clay shale that we conclude is part of the Pigeon Siltstone (previously described by Hamilton 1961, as fine-grained rocks of Webb Mountain), the Yellow Breeches Member of the Wilhite Formation (Walden Creek Group), and Great Smoky Group sandstones that underlie Webb Mountain and Big Ridge (Fig, A.2). King and others (1958) chose not to formally correlate the Webb Mountain and Big Ridge rocks to any Ocoee unit because the stratigraphic relations between these rocks and the three groups were not clear to them. Because of compositional and textural similarities with Great Smoky Group rocks (Hamilton 1961; Woodward and others 1991), however, we have correlated the rocks of Webb Mountain and Big Ridge with that group.
Regionally, the Pigeon Siltstone consists dominantly of greenish-gray laminated to thinly banded (~ cm), locally calcareous metasiltstone, very fine-grained sandstone, and minor coarse sandstone (Hamilton 1961; Hadley ~d Goldsmith 1963; King 196% Keller 1980). Subordinate rock iypes include massive metasikstone, slate, medium- to coarse-grained micaceous feldspathic metasandstone, and rare limestone interbeds (Hamilton 1961). In the vicinity of the 8B right-ofway, the Pigeon consists of medium to dark gray thinly (= cm) banded metasiltstone and subordinate massive metasikstcme. Except for faint laminations locally, primary bedding features are typically absent within massive medium gray metasiltstone. Both rock types are irregularly interbedded (in zones ~0 fl thick) vertically as well as apparently laterally gradational. Upon weathering, both rock types disintegrate along cleavage surfaces into small (-9 cm2 x 5 mm thick) chips. At its type-section along the Lhtle Pigeon River north of Pittrnan Center, the unit may be greater than 3,000 m thick (Hamilton 1961).
Hamilton (1961) recognized two mappable divisions in the rocks of Webb Mountain and Big Ridge: a unit dominated by thin-to medium-bedded (~.5 m), medium-grained feldspathic
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metasandstone with interbeds of dark gray massive to evenly laminated slate and sandy metasiltstone, and a second unit to the southeast characterized by thinner (25–90 cm) beds of dark gray clay slate and metasiltstone with minor impure feldspathic metasandstone and graphitic (pyritic) slate. Detailed (1:12,000-scale) mapping along the 8B right-of-way on Webb Mountain supports Hamilton’s (1961) two-fold subdivision, but we interpret the finer-grained unit as part of the Pigeon Siltstone and separated from the other unit by faults (Fig. A.3).
%ratigraphically above the Pigeon Siltstone, the clay slate unit consists of an interbedded medium gray laminated slate to thinly (= cm) banded rnetasiltstone and free- to medium-grained feldspathic metasandstone. Weathered laminated slate and metasiltstone consist of alternating very light gray and darker gray thin (1
Starting at position 1
5 Calibration standards
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Number of samples (must be programmed
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analysis) >6
Starting at position 6
H@
Highest concentration
standard position
Number of repetitions L G@ E
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4.5.7 4.5.8 4.6
Lowest concentration
standard position
Gain (Highest peak on the chart) End
Change the sample number in the tray protocol and wait for the message at the top of the screen indicating that the tray protocol has been modified. Enter F6 to write the change onto the disk. The computer will say that the file exists and ask you if you want to copy over the existing file. Enter F6 again and the computer will indicate that the tile was saved. The tray protocol can be modified in other ways, though usually this is not necessary. See the Operation Manual, pages 3-24 through 3-29. Enter F4 twice to Exit
Preparing the chart 4.6.1 To activate the chart printout, return to the Chart and Run function (F4) 4.6.2 Enter F9 to activate the chart 4.6.3 Enter 1 for the channel 4.6.4 Enter 30 inches/hour for chart running speed 4.6.5 The channel reading once the reagents have reached the flow cell should be between 5.0 and 9.0. The base line can be altered in order to change the channel readings. Enter F4 and VBl (View Baseline, channel 1). The baseline number indicates increments on the chart. Type F4 and CB1
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(space) (base reading) to change the baseline. CB1 is the command for Change Baseline, channel 1. Change the base reading by one number until the channelreading is within the acceptablerange. The gain, or highest peak on the chart, can be checkedby sampling the highest standardand observing the chinnel reading as the sample appears on the chart. This step is usually necessaryonly when new reagents are made. 4.6.6.1 Enter F4 and SS. The sampleprobe will move to Cup 1, which is the 80pg-N/L standard. 4.6.6.2 After 30 seconds, enter F4 and SW to remove the probe from cup 1. 4.6.6.3 Enter F4 and S1to return the sample tray to its original position. 4.6.6.4 The channel readings should show between 50.0 and 60.0 and the chart should show a rise of 50-60% of the chart span within five minutes . If not, adjust the gain. Use the command F4 and VG1 (View Gain, chaunel 1) to see the gain chart increments. The command F4 and CG1 (space) (gain reading) changes the gain.
4.7
Starting the analysis 4.7.1 While in the Chart and Run function, select the command F7. This will begin the analysis. The printer must be on and the chart running to begin a run (See 4.6). 4.7.2 The computerwill prompt you for the program name (N03), the operator’s name, necessaryrevisions to the comments, and the file name to save the chart (N031, N032, etc.) . 4.7.3 Delete the previous chart 4.7.4 Enter Control B after the baseline is stable. This will initiate the program to begin running. 4.7.5 After all of the samples have been run, the computer will ask you if you want to delete the previous text . Type Y for yes.
4.8
Printing the dlbration curve 4.8.1 After the program has finished, return to the GATEWAYmenu and select F5, Retrieve. 4.8.2 Enter the tile name for the run (F6 can be used to retrieve a chart file). 4.8.3 Enter F9 for the Calibration Curve and RETURN to view the Calibration Curve 4.8.4 To print the curve, select PRINT SCREEN 1.
4.9
Shutting the instrument down 4.9.1 Disconnectthe cadmium coil horn rest of the reagent lines. 4.9.2 Run the wash solution through the reagent tubes for at least five minutes. 4.9.3 Take all the tubes out of solutions (includingthe DI water tubes) and the sampleprobe out of its cup. Let the system pump until all liquid is out of
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the tubes. Turn off the console and the sampler and turn down the contrast on the computer. 4.9.4
Turn the nitrogen gas off.
4.10 Notes: 4.10.1 Change the tubing about every month. Record any adjustments in the TR4ACS logbook (white loose-hsafnotebookon the shelf to the left of the printer) for your own information. 4.10.2 Ensure that the air pressure to the instrument is around 20 psi. Look inside the left side of the instrument to see the gauge. 4.10.3 If the programs are being read from the hard drive instead of from the disk, the data path needs to be changed. Return to the Gatewaymenu and then to DOS (Fl). Type DATAPATH OFF. Information will now read off of the disk. You can tell that this is a problem in the Edit (F2) mode. When trying to recall a program, the red light will come on the computer instead of the disk drive. The program that comes to the screen will not have standardsprogrammedin and the tray protocol will be different. 4.10.4 If the disk is fti, erase unnecessaryfiles. Go back to DOS (FI at the Gatewaymenu) and type &b. Write down iiles that can be erased. DO NOT erase the .INP files. These files are the programs for the analyses. To delete a file, me del b:file name. “ 4.10.5 Off scale samples: Any sample that goes off scale needs to be diluted. A 1:10 dilution is ofien sufficient. Put !hnls of MQ water in a sample tube and lrnL of sample. Mix thoroughly by inverting the covered sample tube. 4.10.6 When switching from one analysis to another, ensure that (l.) The sample line is switched(2.) The wash line is switched. (3.) The proper air line is in the pinch valve (4.) The correct light filter is in place. 4.10.7 To reprint the data after a run is complete, use the Reanalyze Functioxi (F6) on the Gatewaymenu. Basically, you trick the computer into thinking it is reanalyzingdata, when it is only reprinting. When prompted by the computer, type the chart name of the run to be reprinted. The computer then asks for the file. Type the same file that you used to run the analysis (In the case of a nitrate run, the file will be N03). The computer essentially reanalyzes the data using the same program, so you get identical data as the original. 4.10.8 The data from a run can be reanalyzed using a different protocol. An example of a time when this might be necessary is when a run is complete and one of the CaIibrantsis different from its expectedvalue. The protocol can be altered to reanalyzethe data without the erroneous calibrant. The ilrst step is to change the tray protocol to skip the dlbrant. Go into Edit(l%?)on the Gatewaymenu and call up the program to be changed. Look in the TIUACS manual (pages 3-24 through 3-29) to learn more about changing the tray protocol. Save theeditedj7k under a dijferent name (example N03R). The second step is to go into the Reanalyze Function
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(F6) and rerun the data with the edited file.
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Results Results are reported as nitratehdrite in pg-N/L.
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Records The analytical results should be kept in the laboratory notebook, with one copy kept in another safe location.
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Purpose To measure ammonium concentrations in water samples by the phenol hypochlorite
method as described in the Technicon Traacs 800 @eration Manual, Method 804-86T. 2
Scope This procedure applies to all samples taken as part of the Foothills Parkway Segment 8B water quality survey.
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Equipment and Materials -3.1 Technicon Traacs 800 instrument 3.2 Ammonium Sulfate 3.3 Brij-35, 30% Solution 3.4 Chloroform 3.5 Phenol 3.6 Sodium Citrate 3.7 Sodium Hydroxide, 50% w/w Solution 3.8 Sodium Hypochlorite, 5%, Commercial Grade 3.9 Sodium Nitroprusside 3.10 Sulfuric Acid, 95-98% 3.11 MQ Water (or 2X water)
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Procedures 4.1 Instrument Set-up 4.1.1 The ammonia process uses four reagents: completing agent, sodium nitroprusside, sodium hypochlorite, and alkaline phenol.
4.1.1.1
The completing agent and sodium nitroprusside can be
4.1.1.2
used multiple times over a period of approximately one month. Refer to the procedure in the flont of the operations manual for instructions on reagent preparation. Do not refrigerate completing agent. The sodium hypochlorite solution must be made on the day of the analysis with 20ml of sodhnn hypocholrite (VWR SXO61O-2)into 100IuI volumetric flask of MQ water. The most effective preparation method for the alkaline
4.1.1.3
phenol solution comes-from &e University of Virginia.
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TITLE Measuring Amonium in Water Samples.
Because the solution changes color over time, it is recommended that the solution be made at least every two weeks. To make 125mL of alkaline phenol, dissolve 11.5 mL of liquid phenol and 22.5 mL of 20 % sodium hydroxide into 125 mL vohunetric flask of MQ water . Prepare the alkaline phenol in the hood! The 20% sodium hydroxide solution can be made by dissolving 36g of sodium hydroxide into 180 mL of MQ water. Allow NaOH solution to cool before using. The sodh.un hydroxide solution can be stored over time. 4.1.2 To make standards, first make a stock solution using 10mL of NH4
prepared standard at a concentration of 10 pg-N/mL, in a 100mL volumetric flask. Fill the flask to the limewith 2X water. Label the stock soiution Solution A. 4.L3
Make five working standards, at 80pg-N/1, 60pg-N/1, 40~g-N/1, 20pg-N/1, and 10pg-N/l. Use 8ml, 6mL, 4mL, 2mL, and lmL of the stock Solution A, respectively, in 100mL volumetric flasks. Fill the flack to the line with 2X water. The working standards can be used for two or three weeks. 4.1.4 To make a 40 pg-N/L audit sample, use 1 mL of the NH4 prepared standard (lOpg-N/mL) in 250 mL volumetric flask. Fill to the line with MQ water. 4.L5 The ammonia procedure is run on the right hand channel of the Technicon Traacs 800, or Channel 2. Be sure that all tubing lines are properly attached using the correct tubing. Tubing is marked by color tabs to indicate different sizes. Ensure that the air line is tightly fit into the pinch valve, the sample line is conneeted to the sample probe, and the sample probe is lowered to fit into the rinse cup. 4.1.6 Position the metal wheel cover over the tubing holder. Place the two black clips in a vertical position over the metal wheel cover to hold the cover securely in plaix. 4.1.7 Make sure that a filter is in the filter slot at the top of the TRAACS instrument. For ammonia analysis, use the 630 nm wavelength. 4.2
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Computer Set-up “ 4.2.1 Turn on the computer, TRAACS instrument, and the automatic sampler . 4.2.2 Type TRAACS and enter. (This step is not necessary if the computer is already in the TRAACS dnectory. The prompt should appear as follows: C:\TRAAC= > ).
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4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5
4.3
4.4
Type DATE and enter, to check for the correct date. Type TIME and enter, to check for correct time. Type GATEWAY to get to the TlL4ACS menu. Select F4 for Chart and Run program. 4.2.6 The following commands link the three components of the TRAACS (computer, TFL4ACS instrument, and automatic sampler) together. 4.2.6.1 Press F4, me B1 and enter. B1 with a O under it will appear on the screen and the sample needle will raise and lower to indicate communication. 4.2.6.2 Press F4, type CK and enter. CK with a O under it will appear on the screen. 4.2.6.3 Press F4, type DLO and enter. DLO with a O will appear on the screen. 4.2.6.4 Press F4 , type DMO and enter. DMO with a O will appear on the screen. 4.2.7 If the computer responds to the CK command with any number. besides O, download the program. Washing the instrument lines 4.3.1 fie reagent tubes must first be washed with BRIJ-35 solution. Add 10 drops of BRIJ-35 solution to approximately 150mL of 2X water in a flask. Place the four reagent lines into the wash solution. Ensure that the two DI lines are in the DI water (the green/green wash line and orange/blue DI water line) , the debubbler line and waste line are in the waste flask, and the sample probe is lowered into the wash cup. 4.3.2 To turn the pump onto begin pumping the wash solution into the tubing, press F4 and OP1 (for Open Pump 1). Pump 1 is used for both channels of the TRAACS. Allow the wash solution to pump into the instrument for at least five minutes. 4.3.3 Observe the bubble pattern moving through the coils. A consistent pattern with consistent size bubbles should be observed. If not, check tubing for leakage and ensure that the air line is secure in the pinch valve. (It takes longer for the water to pump through the orange/blue DI water line than the rest of the @bes. If the bubble pattern is not consistent as a result of the DI line, be patient.) 4.3.4 After the bubble pattern is stabibd, place the reagent tubings in the respective flasks: completing agent, sodium nitroprusside, sodium hypochlorite, and alkaline phenol. AI1ow the bubble pattern to become stable again before starting the analysis (approximately 5 to 10 minutes). Placing the samples in the sample tray
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4.4.1 While the instrument is stabilizing, place the samples in the sample
4.5
tray. Use 15 X 85 mm disposable culture tubes that have been ashed. Place the tubes with the standards in the first five cups, from highest to lowest concentration. Place a tube with the 40 pg-N/L blind sample behind the standards, followed by a tube with 2X water. Place the samples in the tray. Behind the samples, place a tube with 2X water and at least one tube with the 40pg-N/L bliid sample or other audit sample. If samples of different origins are being analyzed, place a tube with 2X water between the different sets. 4.4.2 Arrange the tubes beginning at the upper right cup and proceeding toward the left. When the first row is fill, fill the second row from left to right. If necessary, the third row is filled right to left and the fourth row is filled left to right. programming the computer for analysis 4.5.1 The n~mber of s-mples to be ~ must be programmed into the computer. At the Gateway menu, select F2 to edit the computer program. 4.5.2 Enter the file name as NH4. 4.5.3 Select F5 to read the file from the disk. 4.5.4 Use the Page Down key to move to the next screen. 4.5.5 The number of samples is located in the tray protocol, which appears as follows:P,5C, > 1,25S, > 6,W@l,2,L@4,G@l,E P Peak (the sample with the highest concentration) 5C 5 Calibration standards >1 Starting at position 1 25 Number of samples (must be programmed with each analysis) >6 Starting at position 6 H@ Highest concentration standard position “ 2 Number of repetitions Lowest concentration standard position w G@ Gain (Highest peak on the chart) E End 4.5.6
4.5.7
Change the sample number in the tray protocol (see 4.5.6.4) and wait for the message at the top of the screen indicating that the tray protocol has been modified. Enter F6 to write the change onto the disk. The computer will say that the file exists and ask you if you want to copy over the existing file. Enter F6 again and the computer will indicate that the file was saved. The tray protocol can be modified in other ways, though usually this
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4.5.8 4.6
4.7
is not necessary. See the Operation Manual, pages 3-24 through 329. Enter F4 twice to Exit
Preparing the chart
4.6;1 T; activate the chart printout, return to the Chart and Run function (F4) 4.6.2 Enter F9 to activate the chart 4.6.3 Enter 2 for the channel 4.6.4 Enter 30 #inches/hourfor chart running speed 4.6.5 The channel reading once the reagents have reached the flow cell should be between 5.0 and 9.0. The base line can be altered in order to change the channel readings. Enter F4 and VB2 (View Baseline, channel 2). The baseline number indicates increments on the chart. Type F4 and CB2(space)(basereading) to change the baseline. CB2 is the command for Change Baseline, channel 2. Change the base reading by one number until the channel reading is within the acceptable range. 4.6.6 The gain, or highest peak on the chart, can be checked by sampling the highest standard and observing the channel reading as the sample appears on the chart. This step is usually necessary only when new reagents are made. 4.6.6.1 Enter F4 and SS. The sample probe will move to Cup 1, which is the 80pg-N/L standard. 4.6.6.2 After 30 seconds, enter F4 and SW to remove the probe from Cup 1. 4.6.6.3 Enter F4 and S1to return the sample tray to its original position. 4.6.6.4 The channel readings should show between 50.0 and 60.0 and the chart should show a rise of 50-60% of the chart span within five minutes . If not, adjust the gain. Use the command F4 and VG2 (View Gain, channel 2) to see the gain chart increments. The command F4 and CG2 (space) (gain reading) changes the gain. Starting the analysis 4.7.1 While in the Chart and Run fhnction, select the command F7. This will begin the analysis. The printer must be on and the chart ruining to begin a run (see 4.6). 4.7.2 The computer will prompt you for the program name (NH4), the operator’s name, necessary revisions to the comments, and the file name to save the chart (NH41, NH42, etc.) .
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4.7.3 4.7.4
4.8
Delete the previous chart Enter Control B after the baseline is stable. This will initiate the program to begin running. 4.7.5 After all of the samples have been run, the computer will ask you if you want to delete the previous text . Type Y for yes. Printing the calibration curve
4.8.1 After the program has finished, return to the GATEWAY menu and selekt F5, Retrieve. 4.8.2 Enter NH4CH as the chart name. (I?6can be used to retrieve a chart file). 4.8.3 Enter F9 for the Calibration Curve and RETURN to view the Calibration Curve 4.8.4 To print the curve, select PRINT SCREEN 1. 4.9
Shutting the instrument down 4.9.1 Run the wash solution throught the reagent tubes for at least five minutes. 4.9.2 Take all the tubes out of solutions (including the DI water tubes) and the sample probe out of its cup. Let the system pump until all liquid is out of the tubes. Turn off the console and the sampler and tum down the contrast on the computer. 4.10 Notes: 4.10.1 Change the tubing about every month. Record any adjustments in the TRAACS logbook (white loose-leaf notebook on the shelf to the left of the printer) for your own information. 4.10.2 Ensure that the air pressure to the instrument is around 20 psi. Look inside the left side of the instrument to see the gauge. 4.10.3 If the programs are being read from the hard drive instead of from the disk, the data path needs to be changed. Return to the Gateway menu and then to DOS (Fl). Type DATAPATH OFF. Information will now read off of the disk. You can tell that this is a problem in the Edit (F2) mode. When trying to recall a program, the red light will come on on the computer instead of the disk drive. The program that comes to the screen will not have stadards programmed in and the tray protocol will be different. 4.10.4 If the disk is full, erase unnecessary files. Go back to DOS (F1 at the Gateway menu) and type dm:b. Write down files that can be erased. DO NOT erase the .INP files. These files are the programs for the analyses. To delete a file, type del b:file name. 4.10.5 Off scale samples: Any sample that goes off scale needs to be diluted. A 1:10 dilution is often sufficient. Put 9mls of MQ water in a sample tube and lmL of “sample. Mix thoroughly by inverting the
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PrOCedUreS TITLE: Measuring Amoniumin
REVISION DATE:
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Water Samples.
covered sample tube. 4.10.6 When switching from one analysis to another, ensure that 1. The sample line is switched 2. The wash line is switched. 3. The proper air line is in the pinch valve 4. The correct light filter is in place. 4.10.7 Error messages can be found on page 3-7 of the Technicon manual.
5
Results Results are reported in pg-N/L.
6
Records The analytical results should be kept in the laboratory notebook, with one copy kept in another safe location.
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TITLE: Measuring DMsoIvedOrganic Carbon in Water Samples.
1
Purpose To measure dissolved organic carbon in water samples.
2
Scope This procedure applies to all samples taken as part of the Foothills Parhvay Segment 8B water quality survey.
3
Equipment Shimadzu TOC-5000 Analyzer with ASI-5000 Autosampler
4
Procedures Samples are injected into the analyzer which purges the inorganic carbon, converts the organic carbon to carbon dioxide, and measures the concentration with an infrared detector. 4.1 Filter the samples within 24 hours and store in 30 mL glass bottles with ground-glass stoppers. 4.2 Preserve the samples with 0.25 mL of Ultrex sulfuric acid. 4.3 Run the samples when analyzer is available: 4.3.1 Make the standards: dilute the 1000ppmTOC stock standard located in Lab 267 to lppm and 2ppm. 4.3.2 Fill out a TOC data sheet indicating the identity and order of the samples. Use the following order: 1. MQ water 2. lPPM STANDARD 3. 2PPM STANDARD 4. MQ water 5. samples 6. MQ water 7. lPPM STANDARD 8. 2 PPM STANDARD Place a blank in the 43rd sample place. This place is often inaccurate because the sampliig tray switches rows of samples at 43. 4.3.3 Pour the samples into the specialized test tubes for the Shimadzu analyzer. Fill each tube approximately 75 % full of sample. Preserve the MQ water samples in the same manner that the other
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TITLE: Measurin g Dmolved Organic Carbon in Water Samples.
4.3.4 4.3.5 5
samples are preserved before pouring them. Place in samples in the sample tray . Ask the technicians in Lab 267 to start the analysis.
Results Results are reported in parts per million of dissolved organic carbon.
6
Records
The analytical results should be kept in the laboratory notebook, with one copy kept in another safe location.
.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIVISION
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‘
PROCEIXJIUN
REtiSION DATE:
l?HP-WQ-B12 lof3 12/07/94
TITLE: Installation of Storm Water Samplem for the Foothills Parkway Water Quality Survey.
1
Purpose To describe how to install automatic samplers take water samples from streams during storm events for the Foothills Parkway Segment 8B Water Quality Survey.
2
Scope
The sampliig plan for the Foothills Parkway Segment 813Water Qua.lhySurvey includes taking water samples during a storm event on selected streams quarterly. Samples should be taken on the rising limb of the storm hydrogxaph, near the peak, and on the falling limb. These samples are collected using a data logger that records stage height and triggers a water sampler when the stage reaches a preset level. This procedure describes how the equipment is installed and programmed. 3
Equipment 3.1 Omnidata International Easylogger Model EL-834-GP 3.2 Weather-proof housing for Easy Logger 3.3 Druck Model ES370 Pressure Transducer 3.4 ISCO Model 3700 Portable SarnpIe~ including: 3.4.1 12 volt lead/acid gelcel battery 3.4.2 24-1 liter polyproplyene bottles 3.4.3 cable to interface with Easylogger 3.5 Portable Laptop Personal Computer including: 3.5.1 Connector cable between PC and datalogger 3.5.2 System disk and disk space for data storage 3.5.3 Terminal program software 3.5.4 Case and protection from wet weather 3.6 Stilling well for pressure transducer (2 inch diameter ahnninium conduit) 3.7 Grounding rod for Easylogger (5 foot length of 1/2 inch diameter copper clad steel rod) 3.8 Wedge rain gauge 3.9 Silica Gel dessicarit
4-
Procedures
4.1
wEirlg 4.1.1 Pressure Transducer: The blue signal Iead is connected through a ZapNot to the negative side of input channel 21. The yellow signal lead is connected to the positive side of channel 21. The red excitation lead is attached to the “VAll EXCIT” terminal of the
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TITLE Installation of Storm Water Samplers for the FoothillsParkwayWater QualitySurvey.
4.2
4.3
logger and the white lead is connected to analog ground. 4.1.2 Sampler/Logger interface cable: The ISCO flow meter cable is wired with pin B (common) connected to the digital ground on the Easy Logger. Pin D (Bottle Number out) is connected through a relay to counter 31 on the Easy Logger. Pin F (Inhibit In) is connected to the “NORM OFF” terminal on the logger. Programming 4.2.1 Easy Logger: Follow procedure in Easy Logger manual using the worksheets (see Attachments 14) for the progr amming information. In addition, program Option 16 to REL ON when LRV(1,2) < TRIG, DWELL TIME=O. This option keeps the ISCO sampler irdibited until the stream stage is greater than the preset trigger value. Option 25 must be set to 100 to provide the 10V DC excitation for the pressure transducer. 4.2.2 ISCO:The sampler is programmed to take l-liter water samples at a fixed interval after the stream stage has reached a preset level. This used the time-paced sampling feature. Sampling interval depends on the type of storm expected: frequent samples (15 minutes) for showers; longer periods (2 hours) for large frontal storm systems. The inhibit signal from the Easy Logger stops the sample countdown on the ISCO until the stage has risen to the trigger level. Calibration of Pressure Transducer 4.3.1 Wire and programm Easy Logger.
4.3.2 Option 22: set Function 3 to OFFSET=O. Set Function 4 to SLOPE= 1. 4.3.3 Fill a tall clear container with water. 4.3.4 Option 30: test sensors, formula= STAGE(RAWSTG). 4.3.5 Place tranducer at various depths and record the mv reading from the Easy Logger at each depth. 4.3.6 Calculate the slope and intercept with mv as the independent variable and depth as the dependent variable. (See example Attachment 5). 4.3.7 Option 22: set Function 3 to OFFSET= intercept. Set Function 4 to SLOPE=calibration slope. The offset maybe reset in the field to correspond to the physical datum being used to determine stage. The slope should not change. 4.4
Field Installation 4.4.1 Choose location for stilling well (preferably a pool or flume with
controled cross section). 4.4.2 Drive stilling well into creek bed. 4.43 Place transducer in well. Secure at top with tape and wire ties. 4.4.4 Place sampler intake on stilling well or other post, preferably in main
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TITLE: Installation of Storm Water Samplemfor the FoothillsParkwayWater Quality Survey.
stream and off the bottom. 4.4.5 Locate ISCO to allow sample line to drain back down to stream and where it will not be washed away during a storm. 4.4.6 Install post for Easy Logger housing next to ISCO. 4.4.7 Drive grounding rod near post. 4.4.8 Connect ground wire to Easy Logger bus and grounding rod. 4.4.9 Conceal and protect tubing and leads where possible. 4.4.10 Attach rain gage to post. 4.4.11 Place bottle of desiccant in housing. 4.4.12 Set equipment in operation as described in Procedure 13HP-WQ-027. 4.4.13 Close housing and lock ISCO to post. 5
Records
5.1 5.2
programming Worksheets (Attachments 1-4) Keep with field log book in case unit must be reprogrammed in the field. Calibration Records (Attachment5) Keep in laboratory notebook.
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13NVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIVISION PROCEDURES
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Attachment 1
REVISi?lN DATE
071~2194
WiringTable
WIRING TAME Channo!* ,
ChanrmlNumo
Sulsor
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3/
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flfilu.ST~
xsLd
ga77LE
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30 lfms
are
OVO$1OD1S
for ●ntrlw.
.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIVISION FROCEDURES
PROCEDURE:
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Attachment 2
REVISION DATE
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Sensor Defiition Work She&
Cotting Startoa: The :
● ❉ ✍❉ ▼
●ago
●-13
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIVISION PROCEDwS
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Attachment 3
REV&ON
DATE:
0712219
Fumtion Table
FUNCTION TABIE
~LIXlm
$&
7
I
8
I
*8tunctiins can h cntuod into tlm system
.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIVISION PROCEDURES
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Attachment 4
REVI~;ON DATE:
~
07122/94
Report Table . “ho Syatom O\
nn
(
1 d
%{
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIVISION
PROCEDURE:
FHP-WQ-B12
PAGE:. .—-
.Attachment 5
REVISION DATE:
PROCEDW
07122194
Pressure TransducerCfllbration .
PROBE FHP -01
3.595 3.575 4.968 4.954 6.367 6.36 7.752 7.753 9.152 9.143 10.548 10.557 11.953 11.972 13.355 13.358 14.813 14.797 16.112 16.158
15.332 13.933 12.377 10.851 9.348 7.87 6.352 4.871 3.397 1.908 1.816 3.312 4-778 6.294 7.805 9.308 10.838 12.327 13.857 15.324
10
FHP-01
N 20
RegressionOutput: Constant -15.484 Std Err of Y Est 0.15726 R Squared 0.99997 No. of Observations 20 Degrees of Freedom 18
30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 100
100 90 80 70 60 50 40
01/20/95
X Coefficient(s)7.14705 Std Err of Coef.O.00875
..
99-8795 90.5600 80.1946 70.0291 60.0168 50.1710 40.0587
FHP-02 Regression output: Constant -2.2554 Std Err of Y Est 0-27095 R Squared 0.99991 No. of Observations Degrees of Freedom 18
30 30.1930 20 20.3738 X Coefficient 10 10.4548 Std Err of Coef. e- . 140
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
9.84197 19.8076 29.5735 39.6724 49.7380 59.7503 69.9425 79.8615
90 90-0537 100 99.8262
..S Ljj.. ‘;;’ 