experimental design.pptx
Descripción
Method :
Participant :
Younger adults : 14women 10men, Mage = 19,5 years, age range : 18-22 years (recruited with flyers posted on the Boston College campus)
Older adults : 15women, 9men, Mage = 76,1 years, age range = 68-84 years (recruited through the Harvard Cooperative on Aging)
Materials :
the visual search task was adapted from Ohman et al (2001). Total 360 matrices were presented to each participant, half contained a target item and half did not.
valence and arousal ratings were judged on 7point scale (1=negative valence or low arousal and 7= positive valence or high arousal)
similarity ratings was categorized for within-category similarity and between-category similarity
THANKYOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Pre
experimental
One shot case study
One group pretest-posttest
True experimental
Posttest only control design
Pretest control group design
Factorial experimental
Quasi experimental
Time series design
Non equivalent control group design
Intec-group comparison
Solomon four group design
Result :
The difference score were examined with a 2 X 2 X 2 (age [ young, older] X valence [positive, negative] X arousal [high, low]) analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
the result for the 3 hypothesis from the previous research lent some support to the first two alternatives, but no evidence was found to support the third alternatives.
the final result indicates that young and older adults were similar in their early detection of emotional images. the current study also provides further evidence that mechanism associated with relatively automatic processing of emotional images are well maintained throughout the latter portion of the lifespan (Fleischman et al., 2004; Jennings & Jacoby, 1993, Lercrec &Hess, 2005)
Hypothesis from the previous research :
Emotional information may remain important throughout the life span, leading to similarly facilitated detection of emotional in younger and older adults.
With aging, emotional information may take on additional importance, resulting in other adults' enhanced detection of emotional information in their environment
Older adults may focus principally on positive emotional information and may show facilitated detection of positive, but not negative, emotional information.
Goal : adjudicate among the alternatives above
Hypothesis : Older adult would be slower to detect information than young adult would be (consistent with Hahn, Carlson, Singer, & Gronlound, 2006, Mather & Knight, 2006)
Experiment Design
ED is defined as "Observation under controlled condition"
treatment
Effect
Variables in experiment research
Independent variables
Dependent variables
Essential Characteristic of Experiment Design
manipulation
Control
Randomization
Types of Experiment Design
PRE EXPERIMENTAL
(NON DESIGN)
One shot case study
One group pretest-posttest design
Static group comparison
X O
O1 X O2
X O1
O2
TRUE EXPERIMENTAL
Post test only control design
Solomon four group design
Pretest-Posttest only control group design
R X O1
R O2
R 01 X 02
R 03 O4
R 01 X 02
R 03 O4
R X O5
R O6
FACTORIAL DESIGN
R O1 X Y1 O2
R O3 Y1 O4
R O5 X Y2 O6
R O7 Y2 O7
Source : Youtube
QUASI EXPERIMENTAL
Time series design
Non equivalent control group design
O1 O2 O3 O4 X O5 O6 O7 O8
01 X 02
03 O4
EXPERIMENT DESIGN
Advantages and Disadvantages of experimental research
Advantages
Disadvantages
gain insight into methods of instruction
Can't always do experiment
Control over variables
subject to human error
Determination of cause and effect relationship in easy
can produce artificial results
Provides better result
Participant may be influenced by the environment
Example of experimental research :
Effect of Age on Detection of Emotional Information
Christina M. Leclerc and Elizabeth A. Kensinger
Boston College
American Psychological Association,
Psychology and Aging
2008, Vol. 23, No.1, 209–215
Available online at : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18361668
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