Especificación del Comportamiento de Líneas de Productos mediante Modelos de Funcionalidades y Máquinas de Estados con Variabilidades

September 10, 2017 | Autor: Ariel Gonzalez | Categoría: Software, UML
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Especificación del comportamiento de líneas de productos mediante modelos de funcionalidades y máquinas de estados con variabilidades Luna, Carlos González, Ariel

Documento de Trabajo No. 6 Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad ORT Uruguay Diciembre, 2007 ISSN 1688-3217

Documento de Trabajo

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