Ephesos - The new finds, in: L. Neira Jiménez (ed.), Estudios sobre mosaicos antiguos y medievales. Atti del XIII Congreso Internacional de la AIEMA (Rom 2016) 343-351

Edición del volumen: Luz Neira Jiménez Maquetación: altura x estudio de diseño www.alturax.com Proyecto 2015/00226/001 Vicerrectorado de Política Científica (Convocatoria competitiva del Programa Propio) Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Estudios sobre mosaicos antiguos y medievales. Actas del XIII Congreso AIEMA Madrid, 14-18 de septiembre de 2015 Luz Neira, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (dirección y coordinación)

Estudios sobre mosaicos antiguos y medievales. (Hispania Antigua, Serie Arqueológica, 6) Copyright 2016 © «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER Via Cassiodoro, 19 - 00193 ROMA http://www.lerma.it

Tutti diritti riservati. É vietatala riproduzione di testi e illustrazioni senza il permesso scritto dell’Editore

Atti del XIII Congreso Internacional de la AIEMA. “Estudios sobre mosaicos antiguos y medievales” Luz Neira Jiménez (Ed.). - Roma: «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER, 2016. - 478 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. In collana Hispania Antigua, collana diretta da Julián González, Universidad de Sevilla – Departamento de Filología Griega y Latina. ISBN: 978-88-913-1239-6 (digital) Imagen de portada: Mosaico de Castulo (Jaén). Detalle de Selene y Endimión. Foto, cortesía de José Manuel Pedrosa.

Estudios sobre mosaicos antiguos y medievales Luz Neira Jiménez Editora

«L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER

Ephesos – The new finds

Veronika Scheibelreiter-Gail The history of mosaic research in Ephesos goes back to the 19th century, when the first tessellated pavements emerged from the soil. While they were mentioned and illustrated marginally in John Turtle Wood’s Discoveries at Ephesus1 and later in the series of „Forschungen in Ephesos“ or the volumes of the Österreichische Jahreshefte respectively, it was only in 1977 that Werner Jobst’s book about the mosaics of Terrace Houses 1 and 2 opened the way for mosaic research in Ephesos and beyond: the publication was the first that was exclusively dedicated to Ephesian mosaics2. Certainly this project had been inspired by the excellently preserved inventory of the Terrace Houses that from 1962 became the focus of archaeological research of the ancient site. While the book presented itself as part I onwards became of a Corpus of Mosaics of Ephesos, its author intended to publish soon the second volume that should comprise all other mosaics beyond the finds from the Terrace Houses. While this volume is still to be expected, the author of the present article was able to revise the dating of most of the Terrace House 2 – mosaics in the course of the investigations into the house-complex that started in 1995: In the final monographs which were each dedicated to one or two dwelling-unit(s), the mosaics of units 1, 2 and 4 were republished3, while the ones of 6 and 7 published for the first time4. Many more Ephesian mosaics are to be found in the author’s ‚handbook’ on mosaics of Western Asia Minor that was meant to establish a solid base for the chronological order of all other mosaics of the Western part of Asia Minor. The book provides an overview of the published mosaics in the region from Mysia to Caria. It is meant as an impulse for further research on the topic and as a help with the classification of new finds. The Ephesian mosaics comprised in the volume are from the following findspots5: Stoa of the Alytarches, Artemision, Basilica near the Magnesian Gate, Cemetery of the Seven Sleepers, so-called Sanctuary on the Panayirdağ, the so-called House of Pleasures, Harbour Gymnasium, Hall South of the Celsus Library, Terrace House 1, Terrace House 2, Basilica of St-John, so-called Tomb of St-Lucas, St-Mary’s Church, so-called Terrace House above the Odeion (=Bouleuterion), Peristyle House above the Theatre Prytaneion, Tetragonos Agora, Vediusgymnasium. The mosaics of the Vediusgymnasium were treated in a separate volume6; the mosaics of the Ephesian churches were compared to each other in a separate article7. 1 J. T. Wood, Discoveries at Ephesus. Including the Site and Remains of the Great Temple of Diana (London 1877), New Edition Cambridge 2015. 2 W. Jobst, Römische Mosaiken aus Ephesos I. Die Hanghäuser des Embolos, FiE 8, 2 (Vienna 1977). 3 V. Scheibelreiter, Die Mosaikböden, in: H. Thür, Das Hanghaus 2 in Ephesos. Die Wohneinheit 4. Baubefund Ausstattung Funde, FiE 8,6 (Vienna 2005) 152-156; Scheibelreiter 2010. 4 Due to progress of the excavations, the mosaics of dwelling-units 6 and 7 were not yet included in Jobst’s volume of 1977; cf. now V. Scheibelreiter-Gail, Mosaiken, in: H. Thür – E. Rathmayr (ed.), Die Wohneinheit 6 im Hanghaus 2 von Ephesos. Baubefund, Ausstattung, Funde, FiE 8, 9 (Vienna 2014) 255–271; V. Scheibelreiter-Gail, Mosaiken, in: E. Rathmayr (ed.), Die Wohneinheit 7 im Hanghaus 2 von Ephesos, FiE 8, 10 273-283. For (the mosaics of) dwelling units 3 and 5 and the revision of building and decoration periods since Jobst, cf. preliminarily I. Adenstedt, Die Wohneinheiten 3 und 5 im Hanghaus 2 in Ephesos – eine erste Rekonstruktion, in: Brandt – Gassner – Ladstätter 2005, I, 31–37; I. Adenstedt, Wohnen in der antiken Großstadt. Eine bauforscherische Analyse zweier Wohneinheiten des Hanghauses 2 von Ephesos (unpublished Dissertation Vienna 2006); S. Ladstätter et alii, Die Grabungen des Jahres 2004 im Hanghaus 2 in Ephesos, JÖAI 74, 2005, 247-276; for the mosaics S. Ladstätter, Zur Datierung des Löwenmosais im Hanghaus 2 von Ephesos, in: Brandt – Gassner – Ladstätter 2005, I, 179-186, V.Scheibelreiter, Löwe und Stierkopf. Zu einem Mosaikbild aus dem Hanghaus 2 von Ephesos, in: Brandt – Gassner – Ladstätter 2005, I, 309-318; Scheibelreiter-Gail 2011, cat. 30 and 32. 5 Scheibelreiter-Gail 2011, cat. 17 – 42. 6 Scheibelreiter 2008. 7 V. Scheibelreiter, Ephesische Kirchenmosaiken: Eine Sprache der Muster?, MiChA 14, 2008, 71–102.

—

343 —

Ephesos – The new finds

As regards the present article, I am grateful to Sabine Ladstätter, director of the Austrian Archaeological Institute and of the excavations in Ephesos, that she entrusted me with the presentation of the mosaic finds that have been unearthed during recent years’ fieldwork (Fig. 1). Others, such as the tessellates of the so-called Byzantine Palace8 or of a Church on the Kumtepe near Pamucak9, nowaday’s coastal settlement of modern Selçuk, will be presented to the scientific public in separate publications. The new finds do not only broaden our picture of the mosaic production in the Metropolis Asiae, but add to our knowledge of this art in Asia Minor, especially in its Late Antique period. It should be stressed that their dates go far beyond the evidence of Terrace House 2 where none of the mosaics comes from a period later than c. 260 A.D. as has been repeatedly stated in several publications10.

Fig. 1. Findspots of the mosaics (© ÖAI, C. Kurtze – N. Gail).

8 The so-called Byzantine Palace was first unearthed between 1954 and 1956; cf. F.Miltner, JÖAI 42, 1955, Beibl. 44ff.; 43, 1956-58, Beibl. 3ff.; 44, 1959, Beibl. 243ff.; further C. Foss, Ephesus after Antiquity: A late Antique, Byzantine and Turkish City (Cambridge 1979) 51. 98. 134; L. Lavan, The Residences of Late Antique Governors: A Gazetteer, AntTard 7, 1999, 148f. New research has been conducted since 2008 by the Austrian Archaeological Institute and the Austrian Academy of Sciences since 2008, a comprehensive publication, under the aegis of Andreas Pülz, is currently under way. 9 cf. T. Schulz-Brize et alii, Kirche in Pamucak, Wissenschaftlicher Jahresbericht des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts (=ÖAI) 2014, 26. 10 cf. the abovementioned volumes about the dwelling-units of Terrace House 2.

—

344 —