Environmental Kuznets curve under noncarbohydrate energy

This study aims to examine the use of noncarbohydrate energy on carbon emissions under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in 27 OECD countries. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test results indicate that carbon emissions, gross domestic product per capita (GDP), primary energy consumption per capita and alternative and nuclear (noncarbohydrate) energy consumption are cointegrated in