Emona; T-Pas project, Roman route Aquileia-Emona-Viminacium
Descripción
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T-Pas Archæst / Emona
From the Julian Alps to Siscia and beyond: The Slovenian and Croatian stages of the journey -PDBUFEJOUIFUSBOTJUJPOBMBSFBCFUXFFOUIF"MQTBOEUIF#BMLBOT CFUXFFOUIF#BMUJD4FB BOE UIF #MBDL 4FB UIF UFSSJUPSZ PG QSFTFOUEBZ 4MPWFOJB IBE BMSFBEZ CFFO DSJTTDSPTTFE XJUISPBETEVSJOHQSFIJTUPSZ"ODJFOUMFHFOETQSFTFSWFEJOUIFXPSLTPGDMBTTJDBMBVUIPST QSPWFUIFTJHOJöDBODFPGQSFIJTUPSJDDBSBWBOSPVUFTBOEDPNNVOJDBUJPOTFYJTUJOHJOUIJT BSFBDFOUVSJFTCFGPSFUIFBSSJWBMPGUIF3PNBOT&USVTDBOBOE7FOFUJDNFSDIBOUTUSBEFE IFSF BTXFMMBTNFSDIBOUTGSPNUIF&BTUBOEGSPN(SFFDF 0OFJNQPSUBOUUSBEJOHSPVUFMJOLJOHQSFTFOUEBZ4MPWFOJBXJUIUIF#BMUJD4FBXBTEVCCFE UIF"NCFS3PBEoBGUFSUIFQSFDJPVTHPPETUSBOTQPSUFEBMPOHJU5IFSPVUFTMFBEJOHGSPN UIF#MBDL4FBPWFS4MPWFOJBUP*UBMZGFBUVSFJOPOFPGUIFWFSTJPOTPGUIF"SHPOBVUTMFHFOE 8IFOUIF"SHPOBVUTXJUIUIF(PMEFO'MFFDFXFSFSFUVSOJOHIPNFGSPNUIF#MBDL4FB UIFZSFBDIFEUIF"ESJBUJD4FBCZUSBWFMMJOHVQUIF%BOVCF3JWFSBOEJUTUSJCVUBSJFT5IFZ sailed on a ship to Nauportus UPEBZT7SIOJLB oPS JOBMBUFSWFSTJPOPGUIFTUPSZ UPIulia EmonaoEJSFDUMZGSPNUIF%BOVCF3PWFSWJBUIF4BWBBOE-KVCMKBOJDB3JWFST öH
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T-Pas Archæst / Emona
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Fortress Castra (Ajdovščina) and the Battle of the Frigid River Proof of the significant history of Ajdovščina is its very name, derived from the word “ajd”, implying a heathen, pagan, giant, thus a mythical being to whom our Slavic ancestors attributed the remains of a robust ancient post. In Roman times, a staging post called mansio Fluvio Frigido (the post at the Frigid River – Hubelj or Vipava/Vipacco) first appeared here, the last post situated in the plain, just before the road to Iulia Emona started to ascend onwards to Ad Pirum, Hrušica. Later, the settlement was named Castra, which literally means “Fortresses” as it was turned into a fortification with towers located in the hinterland defence system Claustra Alpium Iuliarum.
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T-Pas Archæst / Emona
It is somewhere near Castra (fig. 3) that the theatre of the famous Battle of the Frigid River might be located in which Theodosius and Eugenius engaged in 394. The tide of the battle was decisively turned by one peculiar characteristic of this area, i.e. the Karst bora wind, as celebrated by Claudian in his panegyric from 396: “Thanks to thine influence the wind of the frozen North overwhelmed the enemy’s line with his mountain storms, hurled back their weapons upon the throwers and with the violence of his tempest drove back their spears.”
On the Empire’s border: Fortress Ad Pirum (Hrušica) Originally at Hrušica, where the road reached its highest point, there was only a staging post, similarly as where present-day Ajdovščina, i.e. the Roman Castra, lies. From the second century on, the Hrušica Pass had been controlled by CFOFöDJBSJJ. In the late third century, the Romans changed their military strategy so that access points to Italy were safeguarded along with the Empire’s outermost borders; therefore, a large fortress was built here (figg. 2-4). Extensive archaeological excavations were undertaken at Hrušica. Among the most unusual finds from Hrušica are the bones and a tooth of an African camel. It is unclear what the animal did at Hrušica, it might have been used for transporting goods as part of military campaigns or civil commerce. The area surrounding the fortress is now an archaeological park managed by the National Museum of Slovenia.
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T-Pas Archæst / Emona
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A predecessor of modern Slovenia’s capital: the Roman Iulia Emona The Romans established their colony Iulia Emona at the location of the centre of today’s Slovenian capital, i.e. on the left bank of the Ljubljanica River, in the first decade of the 1st century (fig. 6). Emona flourished from the first to the fifth century. As a town with a rectangular layout, it had a central square, the forum, and a grid of rectangularly intersecting streets which marked the boundaries of residential areas (fig. 7). Today, the remains of one of the private houses featuring a hypocaust and a geometric mosaic can be visited in the Emonan House archaeological park (figg. 8-9). Iulia Emona was surrounded by town walls with towers. Nearly the entire southern section of the town walls has been preserved and transformed according to the plans of the architect Jože Plečnik. Surrounded by a park, it constitutes a tranquil historical setting in the middle of Ljubljana. Emona was the seat of the diocese between the late fourth and late sixth century. The remains of the diocesan centre with a baptistery and the striking multi-coloured mosaics are preserved and open to the public in the Early Christian Centre archaeological park (fig. 10).
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T-Pas Archæst / Emona
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T-Pas Archæst / Emona
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Literature Božič D. and others, ;BLMBEJUJTPǏMFUJK ;HPEPWJOB4MPWFOJKFPEOFBOEFSUBMDFWEP 4MPWBOPW -KVCMKBOB .PESJKBO
Iskra-Janošić I., Urbanizacija Cibala JSB[WPKLFSBNJǏLJITSFEJÝUB )";6 ;BHSFC7JOLPWDJ
Breščak D., 3PNVMBJOSJNTLBDFTUB poštna in carinska postaja ob rimski cesti &NPOB/FWJPEVOVN4JTDJB*Oi3FWJKB[B MJUFSBUVSP LVMUVSPJOESVäCFOBWQSBÝBOKBw MFUO ÝU BQS
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Istenič J., )SVÝJDB "E1JSVN arheološki park in arheološka zbirka, -KVCMKBOB/BSPEOJNV[FK Mason P., Vojaški tabor in rimska cesta QSJ0CSFäKV*Oi3FWJKB[BMJUFSBUVSP LVMUVSP JOESVäCFOBWQSBÝBOKBw MFUO ÝU BQS
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Brunšmid J., Colonia Aurelia Cibalae*O i7KFTOJL"SIFPMPÝLPHNV[FKBV;BHSFCVw 7PM /P
Predan P.,3JNTLBDFTUBOBƎBUFäVQSJ #SFäJDBISJNTLBDFTUBEmona-NeviodumumSiscia*Oi3FWJKB[BMJUFSBUVSP LVMUVSPJO ESVäCFOBWQSBÝBOKBw MFUO ÝU BQS
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Curk I., 4UP[HPECBSIFPMPÝLJITQPNFOJLPWW 4MPWFOJKJ -KVCMKBOB1SFÝFSOPWBESVäCB Curk I., iArma virumquewPCUWBSOJI WJSJIPSJNTLJEPCJOB4MPWFOTLFN -KVCMKBOB%;4
Županek B.,3JNTLB-KVCMKBOB WPEOJL o5VSJ[FN-KVCMKBOB
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