DIASPORA

Conclusion with Open Questions
DİASPORA ??
Social category ?
Criteria ?
How do they interact ?
How long does it take to become a Diaspora ?
Ideal type of relationship with homeland and diaspora community ?

Diasporas in Comparison - Palestinians
Arab residents of state of Israel are expelled, faced hostility and encouraged to flee
Network of institutions serving Palestinian immigrants
However the ones living in «Arab Territory» cannot be considered as Diaspora.
Cultural and linguistic sacrifices for strangers living in strange lands

Diasporas in Comparison - Turkish
They did not immigrate forcibly unlike Jewish or Armenian diaspora
Highly developed Diaspora consciousness
The myth of return ( %53 hope to return within next few years)
Germany is not a country of immigrants. It is an organic society rather than functional.

Diasporas in Comparison - Polish
Poles lived under variety of conditions (Russia,Germany,Austria, France) from 1792 to 1918, yet perpetuated their national consciousness
«Poland is not yet lost as long as we live»
On the other hand, the Polish immigrants in US do not belong to the diaspora since they got americanized.

Diasporas in Comparison - Armenians
Most close resemblence to Jewish diaspora, most of them live outside Armenia and developed several centers of religion and culture
The solidarity is based on ethnicity, religion, language, memory of national independence, remembrance of persecution and genocide
Middleman function in host society (trade,commerce,science,culture and modernization)
Exogamy is not welcomed, yet increasingly practiced and non-armenians can be admitted into the community unlike Jewish
The original homeland of Armenians is in Turkey

Diasporas in Modern Societies
The author suggest an extension to Conor's definition. According to Safran the expatriate minority communities sharing the following characteristics;
Dispersed from an original center to peripheral or foreign regions
Collective memory, vision and myth of original homeland
Do not believe in acceptance by host society and feel alienated
Consider the homeland as their true home where they will turn eventually
Collective commitment to maintain homeland in terms of security and prosperity
Keep in touch with the homeland
Diasporas in Comparison - Chinese
Functioned as intermediaries in host communities
Able to turn back home which is politically independent
The economic expansion caused ties to weaken especially in US
Generally Chinese community is dominant so that it is able to secure its culture.

Homeland Myth
I have never lost hope of returning to my homeland some day. However, I no longer remember where I came from
Some diasporas persist because there is no home to return
There might be an existing home yet it may not be welcoming
The myth of return serves to solidify ethnic consciousness
Contrasting Jewish diasporas (Eastern Europe/US) Religious / Secular
Israel itself is in Diaspora condition (Treated as a stranger in the region)


From International Migration to Transnational Diaspora
Personal narratives is important for the transnational diaspora literature
There is a gap between int. Mig. Studies and transnational diasporic studies
It is simply bad sociology to ignore the challenging reality;
The new diasporic voices will not be silenced !!!
Diasporas – Cultural Anthropology
The essay questions the definition of Diaspora representing displacement focusing on Black Britain and Jewish community seeking a comparative study and considering class diversity and gender bias
«Diasporas are the exemplary communities of the transnational moment» however loosing the privilage by including immigrants, expatriates, refugees, guest workers, exile communities, overseas communities, ethnic communities
Diasporic dimensions ? Aguililans moving between Mexico & US ; Separate places become effectively a single community through the continuos circulation of people, money, goods and information
Diaspora assumption is longer distances, exile, obstacles of return and connection of dispersed people
Diasporas – Cultural Anthropology
Safran's definition is revisited and author offers his opinion ( decentered, lateral connections, ongoing history of displacement, suffering and resistence)
No society can qualify on all acounts and the term is modified, translated and adopted
Focus on borders rather than features
Diasporic populations do not follow the path of immigrants, it involves having collective homes away from home
Diasporas are defined against nation states but it doesnt necesarrily mean that diapora cultures are anti nationalist
Israel is the prime example of a diaspora founded country
Tribal cultures are not Diasporas; their sense of rootedness in the land is precisely what diasporic people have lost
Diasporas – Cultural Anthropology
Sense of connection must be strong enough to resist forgetting, assimilating and distancing. Therefore diasporas are not exactly immigrant communities. The latter is temporary and consciousness is produced through identification
Feeling global is also an important aspect offering a sense of attachement (Islam)
Yet, these discussions should not disguise the issue of inequalities of class and race
Diaspora theories need to account for the facts that cultural differences are racialized, classed and gendered.
Diasporas – Cultural Anthropology
Modern diaspora networks are transregional social movements that resist and use tech. and comm.
Yet there are obstacles (transnational capital&national hegemonies)
The author refuses postcolonial cultures or places and in this perspective offers an discourse of cosmopolitan life, global tech&markets as sources of fake coexistence (processes of globalization and decolonization as they influence contemporary "indigenous" lives.)
From International Migration to Transnational Diaspora
The shift from international to transnational challanges the territorial nationalism
The idea of Diaspora as an unending cycle across different lands captures the emerging reality of transnational networks
In describing transnational diaspora, it is no longer assumed that emigrants make a sharp break from their homelands
Advances in transportation and communication changed the migration in terms of its origins and processes which makes diasporic communities sustain strong social and business ties
The new migration is socially differentiated from poor peasents/workers to 3rd World Intellectuals

Homeland Myth
Triangular relationship of exploitation( Homeland, Diaspora & Host Society)
Member of diaspora mistreated by host communities
The interest of internal unity requires diaspora homeland relations disrupted ( Cyrillic Turkish in USSR)
Host country finds it useful to strengthen diaspora sentiments (Arab governments mobilized Palestinians to fight against Israel)
Host country may stimulate minority interests in the country in return of the promotion of foreign policy goals (US Armenians against Ottomans)
Host government may manipulate diaspora sentiments in order to influence homeland government (American Jews exert pressure on Israel)
Homeland government may exploit Diaspora for their purposes although they are not welcomed at home ( Members of diaspora are too ambitious& too demanding politically and considered vulgarized)
Utopia of return serves to make life more tolarable

Diasporas in Modern Societies
For ages Diaspora ment «the exile of Jews from their historic land and their dispersion throught many lands, accompanied with the oppression and moral degradation»
Today Diaspora has earned several meaning in Social Sciences «expatriates, expelles, refugees, alien residents, immigrants, ethnic and racial minorities»
Conner's definition «the segment of people living outside the homeland»
Jewish Diaspora is generally considered the ideal type.
Diasporas in Modern Societies
Jewish*
Armenian*
Polish*(Past)
Greek*
Turkish*
Gypsy
Arab/Maghrebi*
Arab/Palestinian*
Corsican
Indian
Persian
Chinese*
Afro-American
Latina
Cuban*
The article discusses the definition of Diaspora and compares different cases from;
POL 6039 SPECIAL TOPICS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Doç. Dr. Ulaş SUNATA
Ediz Çıtak
Diasporas in Modern Societies
The article also offers insight to;
The homeland myth
The relationship between diaspora, homeland and the host society
The future of Diaspora studies
Readings
Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return by William Safran
Diasporas Cultural Anthropology by James Clifford
From International Migration to Transnational Diaspora by John Lie
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
12/1/2016

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Click to edit Master text styles
12/1/2016

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
12/1/2016

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
12/1/2016

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click icon to add picture
Click to edit Master text styles
12/1/2016

#
Click to edit Master title style
12/1/2016

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
12/1/2016

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
12/1/2016

#
12/1/2016

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master subtitle style
12/1/2016

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
12/1/2016

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
12/1/2016

#

01.12.2016

Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level

#