Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Pueraria Lobata and Evaluation of a Novel Food Product Containing Kudzu Flowers

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 26

POSTER SESSION: SCIENCE/EDUCATION/MANAGEMENT/FOODSERVICES/CULINARY/RESEARCH Evaluation of Sensory and Objective Characteristics of Sweet Potato Based Reduced Sugar Muffins

Association of Socio Demographic Characteristics and Health Behaviors with Measures of Adiposity in a Sample of Miami Hispanics

Author(s): B. O. Adeleye; Dietetic Program, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, College of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Lafayette, LA

Author(s): C. Correa, C. Ingram, M. A. Canossa-Terris, M. Comerford, P. A. Kurlansky; Florida Heart Research Institute, Miami, FL

Learning Outcome: To minimize added sugars and optimize the nutritive values of snack foods. Sugars are added to foods for their chemical, sensory, and physical properties. The exact contribution of sugar added to foods in the obesity epidemics is unknown; however, diets high in simple sugars contribute fewer nutrients in proportion to calories. The used of plant foods, with natural sweetening power and functional food properties could minimize the addition of simple sugars, especially sucrose in some of the popular snack foods. This study investigated the effects of partial substitution of all purpose flour (APF) with sweet potato flour (SPF) at 15%, 30%, and 45% levels, with concomitant reduction in added sucrose at 10%, 20%, and 45%, respectively, on the sensory and objective characteristics of muffins. The results showed that on weight by weight basis, the sugar content of sucrose was slightly higher than SPF extracts; however, when SPF was partially substituted for APF in muffin formulations, the sugar content of SPF batter was significantly (P⬍0.001) greater. No statistical significant (P⬎0.05) difference was observed in the specific gravity of the batter, muffins height, and volume among the variations. Selected nutrient contents of SPF muffins were enhanced. The control muffins had the lowest moisture content and the highest moisture loss during baking. The control muffins received significantly (P⬍0.0001) lower score ratings for the ranking and acceptability tests. This study demonstrated that up to 45% of APF flour could be replaced with SPF in muffin formulations with concomitant reduction in added sucrose without compromising the physical characteristics and eaten quality of the snack food.

Learning Outcome: To identify and assess the impact of socio-demographic characteristics and health behaviors correlated to three measures of adiposity: body mass index waist circumference and waist-hip ratio in a sample of Miami Hispanics. Background: Unlike most US Hispanics, our Miami sample is mostly from the Caribbean, Central and South America. Less than 2% are Mexican. Socioeconomic factors: low education, unemployment, and lack of health insurance are associated with measures of adiposity in other populations. Approximately 32.4% of the 45 million uninsured Americans are Hispanic. Methods: Analysis of retrospective data from 727 Hispanics 18⫹ who responded to free cardiovascular screenings; more than 90% was uninsured. Data included socio-economic, marital, educational, employment and insurance status and health behaviors: alcohol, smoking, and exercise. Indices of adiposity included: BMI, WC, and WHR. Chi-square analysis was used for significant associations. Results: Exercise, insurance, education, marital status showed no significant statistical association with BMI. WC (⬎35 females and ⬎40 males) was associated with lower education (p⬍0.001) and employment status (p⬍0.001). Alcohol consumption was inversely correlated with WC (p⬍0.001). There was correlation with exercise (p⫽0.018) and lack of insurance (p⫽0.015) WHR (ⱖ 0.88 females and ⱖ 0.95 males) was associated with lower education (p⫽0.004) and inversely correlated with alcohol consumption (p⬍0.001). Conclusions: WC correlated most closely with the socioeconomic factors and health behaviors studied. One interesting finding was that measured by WC and WHR, moderate Hispanic drinkers were less adipose than abstainers; whether this was due to alcohol type or other factors is unknown and warrants further study. Socio-economic factors such as employment and education were associated with central adiposity in this sample and suggest the need for unique intervention strategies for effective health behaviors initiatives for reducing abdominal obesity. Funding Disclosure: Florida Heart Research Institute

Funding Disclosure: None

Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Pueraria Lobata and Evaluation of a Novel Food Product Containing Kudzu Flowers Author(s): S. L. Burney,1 D. K. Tidwell,1 A. F. Hood,1 M. W. Schilling,1 R. L. Harkess,2 C. A. Briley1; 1Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 2Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS Learning Outcome: Describe the development and evaluation of kudzu (Pueraria lobata) in a jelly product and recognize the potential use of kudzu as a source of antioxidant compounds. Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is an edible plant from the legume family growing prolifically throughout the southeastern United States. This research analyzed Mississippi-grown kudzu flowers for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, total phenolic content, and consumer acceptability of jelly that contained kudzu flowers. Kudzu flowers had antioxidant activity of 77.9% and 1.24 mgGAE/g phenolic compounds. Kudzu blossom jelly was developed using flower liquid, sugar, pectin, and lemon juice. A randomized complete block design with three replications (n⬎50 consumers per panel) was used to determine if differences (P⬍0.05) in acceptability existed among the prepared kudzu jelly product, a purchased kudzu jelly, and a purchased scuppernong jelly. A 9-point hedonic scale was used to evaluate appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. The purchased kudzu jelly was preferred (P⬍0.05) over the prepared kudzu and scuppernong jellies, but the mean scores indicated that on average, consumers liked all products. Cluster analysis partitioned consumers into seven groups based on preference and acceptability of jelly products. Thirty-eight percent of panelists (n⫽60) did not differ in their liking of the kudzu jelly products, and preferred (P⬍0.05) the kudzu jellies to the scuppernong jelly. In addition, 90% of panelists liked (between like slightly and like extremely) the commercial kudzu jelly and 84% of panelists liked the prepared kudzu jelly. This demonstrates potential for further food product development and sensory evaluation using kudzu flowers. The antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in the flowers warrant further investigation as a source of beneficial antioxidants. Funding Disclosure: none

A Meta-Analysis of School-Based Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs Author(s): L. Hung,1 D. K. Tidwell,1 M. Hall,2 M. L. Lee,3 C. A. Briley,1 B. P. Hunt1; 1Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 2Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 3 Department of Allied Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN Learning Outcome: Describe the results of a meta-analysis conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based childhood obesity prevention programs. School-based childhood obesity prevention programs (n⫽27) were evaluated for effectiveness using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) statistical software. The objectives were to 1) identify effective programs using body mass index or skinfold thickness as outcome measures, 2) use subgroup analyses to evaluate program components with the greatest impact on the effectiveness of the interventions if the I2 value indicates heterogeneity, and 3) determine publication bias and validity of the meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used and results indicated a small summary effect size (d⫽0.039, range of ⫺3.705 (least effective) to 0.368 (most effective), 95% confidence interval). Effect sizes were demonstrated in a forest plot. As with many meta-analyses, the studies used in this meta-analysis were heterogeneous (Q⫽167.77, I2⫽68.41%, P⫽0.001); therefore, subgroup analyses were performed. Subgroup moderators included age of participants, program duration, nutrition, physical activity, parental involvement, specialist involvement, and theory-based versus non-theory based intervention programs. Significant differences (P⬍0.05) occurred among the moderator components; programs that targeted children less than 10 years old and based on a behavioral theory were more effective than programs for older children and non-theory based. The funnel plot indicated publication bias. Classic fail-safe N test determined that only two studies were missing from the meta-analysis to achieve unbiased results. The CMA Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill analysis demonstrated that only a small mean effect size difference existed between the present studies and the projected unbiased effect size, which indicated the results and the reported effect sizes in this metaanalysis were valid. Funding Disclosure: None

Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION / A-67