Detección y caracterización del nódulo pulmonar por tomografía computarizada multicorte

WATER SOLUBLE
NUTRIENT
FUNCTION
FOOD SOURCES
DEFICIENCY
Thiamine
(vitamin B1)
Part of an enzyme needed for energy metabolism; important to nerve function
are compulsory for effective functioning of the brain.
aid proper digestion and assist in manufacturing Hydrochloric acid, which in turn helps in the metabolic process of breaking down carbohydrates, fats and proteins thus encouraging weight loss
Found in all nutritious foods in moderate amounts: Bananas (Read benefits of banana), kidney beans, nuts, citrus fruits, chicken eggs, leafy vegetables, pork, whole-grain or enriched breads and cereals, legumes, nuts and seeds
Anxiety; hysteria; depression; muscle cramps; loss of appetite; in extreme cases beriberi (mostly in alcoholics).

Riboflavin(vitamin B2)
Part of an enzyme needed for energy metabolism; important vision and skin health for normal
aid proper digestion and assist in manufacturing Hydrochloric acid, which in turn helps in the metabolic process of breaking down carbohydrates, fats and proteins thus encouraging weight loss
improves appetite,
essential for the process of converting glucose to energy 
alleviates symptoms of migraine
Milk and milk products; leafy green vegetables; whole-grain, enriched breads and cereals
You Have Trouble Digesting Food,
You Experience Dizziness Frequently, You Have Issues with Hair Loss, Skin or Vision, Slow Mental Responses, You Suffer from Insomnia
.
Niacin (vitamin B3)
Part of an enzyme needed for energy metabolism; important for nervous system, digestive system, and skin health
the main components strengthening the nervous system and improving cognitive health, thus preventing the risk of developing degenerative diseases such as Dementia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. 
Controls serotonin and the production of stress hormones, providing a "feel good" factor preventing symptoms of anxiety and stress.
aid proper digestion and assist in manufacturing Hydrochloric acid, which in turn helps in the metabolic process of breaking down carbohydrates, fats and proteins thus encouraging weight loss
which keeps the tongue in shape helping in the process of digestion
essential for the process of converting glucose to energy
Meat, poultry, fish, whole-grain or enriched breads and cereals, vegetables (especially mushrooms, asparagus, and leafy green vegetables), peanut butter
lack of appetite, coated tongue, mouth sores, low blood sugar, dizziness, and chronic headaches, skin lesions, anemia, and diarrhea. Forgetfulness, insomnia, irritability, and nervousness

Pantothenic acid
(vitamin B5)
Pantothenic acid is important for our bodies to properly use carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids and for healthy skin.
liver and kidney, yeast, egg yolk, and broccoli. Fish, shellfish, chicken, milk, yogurt, legumes, mushrooms, avocado, and sweet potatoes
impaired energy production, due to low CoA levels, which could cause symptoms of irritability, fatigue, and apathy. numbness, paresthesia, and muscle cramps, hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia restlessness, malaise, sleep disturbances, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.
Biotin
(vitamin B7)


Part of an enzyme needed for energy metabolism
Involved in important metabolic pathways such as gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid catabolism. Biotin regulates the catabolic enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase at the posttranscriptional level whereas the holo-carboxylase synthetase is regulated at the transcriptional level.

peanuts, Swiss chard, raw egg yolk, liver, Saskatoon berries, and leafy green vegetables
Hair loss (alopecia) Conjunctivitis Dermatitis in the form of a scaly, red rash around the eyes, nose, mouth, and genital area. Neurological symptoms in adults, such as depression, lethargy, hallucination, and numbness and tingling of the extremities

Pyridoxine
(vitamin B6)
Part of an enzyme needed for protein metabolism; helps make red blood cells
the main components strengthening the nervous system and improving cognitive health, thus preventing the risk of developing degenerative diseases such as Dementia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. 
aid proper digestion and assist in manufacturing Hydrochloric acid, which in turn helps in the metabolic process of breaking down carbohydrates, fats and proteins thus encouraging weight loss
Essential for the process of converting glucose to energy.
restrain the making of neurotransmitters, of which histamine has the effect of triggering migraines
cereals, beans, vegetables, liver, meat, and egg
Anemia, Impaired antibody, production, Lowered immunity, Convulsions in children , Growth retardation in children, Infant seizures, Skin inflammation, Red scaly skin, Hand numbness, Foot numbness, Hand tingling, Foot tingling, Sore tongue, Red tongue Cracks in corners of mouth, Confusion, Irritability, Depression, Insomnia, Muscle weakness, Retarded infant growth, Fatigue Eczema

Folic acid
Part of an enzyme needed for making DNA and new cells, especially red blood cells
vegetables (particularly dark green leafy vegetables), fruits and fruit juices, nuts, beans, peas, dairy products, poultry and meat, eggs, seafood, grains, and some beers. Avocado, spinach, liver, yeast, asparagus, and Brussels sprouts are among the foods with the highest levels of folate.[
glossitis, diarrhea, depression, confusion, anemia, and fetal neural tube defects and brain defects (during pregnancy).
Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
Part of an enzyme needed for making new cells; important to nerve function are compulsory for effective functioning of the brain.
Meat, poultry, fish, seafood, eggs, milk and milk products; not found in plant foods
serious risk of permanent nerve and brain damage. Individuals with Crohn's disease involving the small intestine, as well as those who have undergone small intestine resection may not be able to absorb cobalamin properly and may experience deficiency.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
Antioxidant; part of an enzyme needed for protein metabolism; important for immune system health; aids in iron absorption
Vitamin C helps in the formation of collagen, vital for the development of strong bones, teeth and joints. A rich source of antioxidant, Vitamin C contains antiviral and antibacterial properties preventing infections, boosts the immune system by getting rid of unwanted toxins caused by free radicals during the oxidation process and protects the body from long-term illness and infections.
Vitamin C contains anticancer properties hence, reduces risk of cancer and prevents abnormal blood clotting. They also reduce potential risk of scurvy and cataracts.
Vitamin C improves cardiac health by maintaining healthy triglyceride, cholesterol, blood sugar and blood pressure levels. They enable easy absorption of iron and help convert food to energy. They are responsible for the production of anti stress hormones and facilitate appropriate adrenal function
Found only in fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits, vegetables in the cabbage family, cantaloupe, strawberries, peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, lettuce, papayas, mangoes, kiwifruit
Berries such as cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries and fruits such as pineapple, papaya, mango, kiwi, squash, blackcurrants, melon, tomatoes, Citrus fruits and leafy vegetables, red/green peppers, potatoes, broccoli and cauliflower and are a few of the foods loaded with vitamin C.
Low levels of vitamin in the body may lead to digestive disorders, periodontal disease, joint ache, bruises, fractures, slow healing of wounds, general weakness and loss of appetite




FAT SOLUBLE
NUTRIENT
FUNCTION
FOOD SOURCES
DEFIENCY
Vitamin A

Needed for vision, healthy skin and mucous membranes, bone and tooth growth, immune system health
Vitamin A or retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin playing a crucial role in process of growth and development. In combination with carotenoids, they perform various important functions in the body.
Due to their antioxidant properties, Vitamin A improves immune health; maintain healthy mucous membranes and battle against diseases. They help develop strong teeth, healthy bones, protect against cataracts, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, cardiac problems and age related macular degeneration. Vitamin A contains anti-ageing properties that prevent formation of fine lines and wrinkles on the skin assisting in cell rejuvenation.
Vitamin A from animal sources (retinol): fortified milk, cheese, cream, butter, fortified margarine, eggs, liver
Beta-carotene (from plant sources): Leafy, dark green vegetables; dark orange fruits (apricots, cantaloupe) and vegetables (carrots, winter squash, sweet potatoes, pumpkin)
Night blindness; reduced hair growth in children; loss of appetite; dry, rough skin; lowered resistance to infection; dry eyes.
Vitamin D
Needed for proper absorption of calcium; stored in bones
Essential for appropriate utilization of calcium and phosphorous in the body.
Since Vitamin D is concerned with calcium metabolism, they control the absorption of phosphorous and calcium from the small intestine. Therefore is vital for the development of strong teeth and healthy bones.
Egg yolks, liver, fatty fish, fortified milk, fortified margarine. When exposed to sunlight, the skin can make vitamin D.
cereals, liver, eggs, cod liver oils and oily fish such as sardines, salmon and herring
Rickets in children; bone softening in adults; osteoporosis.

Vitamin E
Antioxidant; protects cell walls
Laden with antioxidant properties Vitamin E, contains innumerable health and beauty benefits.
Vitamin E supports cardiac health by maintaining healthy cholesterol levels. They protect the body of free radicals and prevent infections thereby enhancing the body's immune system. Apart from this, they also reduce the risk of cancers of the prostrate and the breast.

Vitamin E when applied locally on the skin removes stretch marks, scars and relieves burns. Combined with Vitamin A and C they delay the process of ageing preventing formation of fine lines and wrinkles, keeping the skin soft, supple and smooth.
Polyunsaturated plant oils (soybean, corn, cottonseed, safflower); leafy green vegetables; wheat germ; whole-grain products; liver; egg yolks; nuts and seeds
Richly endowed with vitamin E are hazelnuts, Brazil nuts, walnuts, almonds, sunflower seeds, Green leafy vegetables, liver, fortified cereals, mangoes, avocados, corn, broccoli, spinach, Sweet potatoes, asparagus, yams, soya, wheat germ oil, wheat germ, eggs, margarine, Butter, and oils like olive, safflower, peanut, sunflower and sesame.

Rare, seen primarily in premature or low birth weight babies or children who do not absorb fat properly. Causes nerve abnormalities
Vitamin K
Needed for proper blood clotting
Vitamin K or phytonadione popularly known as known as the vitamin for "blood clotting" is required for the incidence of prothrombin of blood that helps prevent excessive bleeding from a wound or cut.
Vitamin K keeps coronary artery diseases at bay, prevents formation of kidney stones, regulate calcium levels in the body that is responsible for building strong healthy bones and teeth. They help in elevation of bone mass thus preventing osteoporosis.
Leafy green vegetables and vegetables in the cabbage family; milk; also produced in intestinal tract by bacteria
soybeans, dairy products, meats, legumes
Vitamin K deficiency is generally identified in people with improper digestive health. People deficient in vitamin K are easily prone to injury and bruises, which becomes rather critical, due to the body's inability to clot blood.
Defective blood coagulation.