Creativity Support in Science. Starter Bibliography

Creativity Support in Science. Starter Bibliography Dagobert Soergel, Neyda Gilman, and Olivia Helfer Department of Library and Information Studies, Graduate School of Education University at Buffalo May 2013, updated February 2017 [email protected] Compilation of this bibliography was supported by the University at Buffalo Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) under NIH grant UL1TR001412 Available for review on the web: Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314257899_Creativity_Support_in_Science_Starter_Bibliography

Academia: https://www.academia.edu/31745502/Creativity_Support_in_Science._Starter_Bibliography

This bibliography lists a few recent references on creativity in science, especially the biomedical sciences, with an emphasis on creativity support tools. From an extensive search in Google and PubMed we selected references that seemed especially pertinent and that collectively provide a glimpse at practical systems and theoretical issues. At the end it lists some funding sources in biomedical sciences that emphasize creativity and innovation. Table of contents Brief Citations (funding sources are listed only under Annotated Citations) Journal Articles, Book Chapters, Conference Papers 2–4 Conference / Workshop proceedings 5–7 Books 8 – 10 Web Pages 11 Annotated Citations Journal Articles, Book Chapters, Conference Papers Conference / Workshop proceedings Books Web Pages

12 – 26 27– 33 34 – 42 43 – 44

Funding Sources

45 – 52

Creativity Support in Science Brief Citations Journal Articles, Book Chapters, Conference Papers

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Creativity Support in Science Brief Citations Journal Articles, Book Chapters, Conference Papers Muller L, Wetzel T, Hobohm H-C, Schrader T. Creativity Support Tools for Data Triggered Hypothesis Generation. Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems (KICSS), 2012Seventh International Conference on. (ISBN: 978-1-4673-4564-4), p. 24-27 www.academia.edu/2050682/Creativity_Support_Tools_for_Data_Triggered_Hypothesis_Gener ation http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=6405606 Kuo, Yen-Ting; Lonie, Andrew; Sonenberg, Liz; Paizis, Kathy Domain ontology driven data mining: a medical case study Proceedings of the 2007 international workshop on Domain driven data mining Pages 11-17 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1345467 Coulet, Adrien; Smaïl-Tabbone, Malika; Napoli, Amedeo; Devignes, Marie-Dominique Ontology-based knowledge discovery in pharmacogenomics. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Volume 696, 2011, pp. 357-366 PMID: 21431576 www.loria.fr/~devignes/PUBLIS/CouletEtAl-Draft--FinalSubmission-AEMB-2011.pdf Berthold, Michael R.; Dill, Fabian; Kötter, Tobias; Thiel, Kilian Supporting creativity: towards associative discovery of new insights. Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 5012, 2008, pp. 14-25 www.inf.unikonstanz.de/bioml2/publications/Papers2008/BDKT08_TowardsAssociativeDiscoveryOfNewIns ights.pdf Jingshan Huang; Dejing Dou; Lei He; Jiangbo Dang; Hayes, P. Ontology-based knowledge discovery and sharing in bioinformatics and medical informatics: A brief survey Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), 2010 Seventh International Conference on , vol.5, no., pp.2203,2208, 10-12 Aug. 2010 http://tsunami.cis.usouthal.edu/~huang/papers/FSKD-10.pdf Cohen, Trevor; Whitfield, G. Kerr; Schvaneveldt, Roger W.; Mukund, Kavitha; Rindflesch, Thomas EpiphaNet: An Interactive Tool to Support Biomedical Discoveries Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration 2010; 5: 21–49. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2990276 PMCID: PMC2990276

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Karacapilidis, N.; Tzagarakis, M.; Christodoulou, S.; Tsiliki, G. Facilitating scientific collaboration in data-intensive biomedical settings Biomedical Engineering, 2011 10th International Workshop on pp.1,4, 5-7 Oct. 2011 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6079062&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplo re.ieee.org%2Fstamp%2Fstamp.jsp%3Ftp%3D%26arnumber%3D6079062 Papageorgiou, N.; Verginadis, Y.; Apostolou, D.; Mentzas, G. An Ontology-Based Assistant for Collaborative Processes Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA), 2011 22nd International Workshop on , vol., no., pp.493,497, Aug. 29 2011-Sept. 2 2011 http://imu.ntua.gr/sites/default/files/biblio/Papers/an-ontology-based-assistant-for-collaborativeprocesses.pdf Shneiderman, Ben Creativity support tools: accelerating discovery and innovation Communications of the ACM 50.12 (2007): 20-32. www.cs.umd.edu/users/ben/papers/Shneiderman2007Creativity.pdf Greener, Mark. Engendering creativity in the biomedical sciences. EMBO reports 6.5 (2005): 402. PMCID: PMC1299306 www.nature.com/embor/journal/v6/n5/full/7400396.html Simonton, Dean Keith Creative Genius in Science Handbook of the Psychology of Science (2012), pp. 251 – 272 http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=G4cN40tsFcwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA251&dq=%22 Creative+Genius+in+Science%22&ots=Re-vmq07oz&sig=lbI6bs1gVCudAucOuSAbqBKlLU#v=onepage&q=%22Creative%20Genius%20in%20Science%22&f=false Zelko, Hilary; Zammar,Guilherme Roberto; Ferreira, Ana Paula Bonilauri; Phadtare, Amruta; Shah, Jatin; Pietrobon, Ricardo Selection Mechanisms Underlying High Impact Biomedical Research-A Qualitative Analysis and Causal Model. PloS one 5, no. 5 (2010): e10535. PMCID: PMC2866320 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866320/

Crespi, Bernard

Creativity Support in Science Brief Citations Journal Articles, Book Chapters, Conference Papers

Creative science in theory and practice Ideas in Ecology and Evolution 4: 34–36, 2011 http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/IEE/article/view/4225/4262 Schmidt, Adele L. The battle for creativity: Frontiers in science and science education Bioessays, 32: 1016–1019. www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/36976/67723_1.pdf?sequence=1 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201000092/abstract Austin, Robert D.; Devin, Lee; Sullivan, Erin E. Accidental Innovation: Supporting Valuable Unpredictability in the Creative Process Organization Science, 23(5), 1505-1522. http://orgsci.journal.informs.org/content/23/5/1505.abstract

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Conference / Workshop proceedings Creativity Support Tools A workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation June 13-14, 2005, Washington, DC www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/CST Summary report: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/CST/IJHCI-NSF-Workshop-CST2006.pdf Full report (including final presentations): www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/CST/creativitybook_final.pdf Symposium on Computational Approaches to Creativity in Science Stanford University, March 29–30, 2008 http://cll.stanford.edu/symposia/creativity Website has the abstracts with links to slides. The final report just repeats the abstracts. Farooq, Umer; Carroll, John M.; Ganoe, Craig H. Supporting creativity in distributed scientific communities. Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work. ACM, 2005. www.personal.psu.edu/uuf100/Site/Publications_files/GROUP05-CreativityInCommunities.pdf Kerne, Andruid; Webb, Andrew M.; Latulipe, Celine; Carroll, Erin; Drucker, Steven M.; Candy, Linda; Höök, Kristina Evaluation Methods for Creativity Support Environments chi 2013 workshop April 27{May 2, 2013, Paris, France. http://ecologylab.net/workshops/creativity/CHI_CSE_Workshop.pdf Peitersen, Dennis Kjaersgaard; Dolog, Peter; Pedersen, Esben Staunsbjerg; Pedersen, Kenneth Hoest; Lin, Yujian Workshop on Methods & Tools for Computer Supported Collaborative Creativity Process: Linking Creativity & Informal Learning at ECTEL 2009, Nice, France, September 30, 2009. http://dspace.ou.nl/handle/1820/2125 http://dspace.ou.nl/bitstream/1820/2125/4/Retalis%26Sloep.pdf Theeramunkong, Thanaruk; Kunifuji, Susumu; Sornlertlamvanich, Virach; Nattee, Cholwich Knowledge, Information, and Creativity Support Systems: 5th International Conference, KICSS 2010, Chiang Mai, Thailand, November 25-27, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. http://books.google.com/books?id=pkGpLwH70w0C&source=gbs_navlinks_s See http://ieeexplore.ieee.org for the proceedings of all conferences

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Hesselbach, Juergen; Herrmann, Christoph S. Functional Thinking for Value Creation: Proceedings of the 3rd CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product Service Systems Technische Universiätt Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, May 5th - 6th, 2011 http://books.google.com/books?id=QxqIGssi-kAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Kuo, Yen-Ting; Lonie, Andrew; Pearce, Adrian R.; Sonenberg, Liz. Mining surprising patterns and their explanations in clinical data. Applied Artificial Intelligence Volume 28, No. 2, 2014, pp. 111-138. DOI: 10.1080/08839514.2014.875679 https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mining-Surprising-Patterns-and-their-Explanations-KuoLonie/98dd1f63ea4fec930b64d0169216c92fc453567d Kötter, Tobias; Thiel, Kilian; Berthold, Michael R. Domain bridging associations support creativity. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Computational Creativity : ICCC X First International Conference on Computational Creativity, (ISBN 978-989-96001-2-6), pp. 200-204. http://kops.uni-konstanz.de/handle/123456789/6117 Saez-Rodriguez, Julio; Costello, James C.; Friend, Stephen H.; Kellen, Michael R.; Mangravite, Lara; Meyer, Pablo; Norman, Thea; Stolovitzky, Gustavo. Crowdsourcing biomedical research: leveraging communities as innovation engines. Nature Reviews Genetics Volume 17, 2016, pp. 470–486. DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.69 PMID: 27418159 http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v17/n8/abs/nrg.2016.69.html Zhou, Jing; Hoever, Inga J. Research on Workplace Creativity: A Review and Redirection. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior Volume 1, 2014, pp. 333-359. http://annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091226 Germain, Ronald N. Healing the NIH-Funded Biomedical Research Enterprise Cell Volume 161, No.7, 2015, pp. 1485–1491. http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(15)00642-X Bühringer, Gerhard. Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity Addiction Volume 109, No. 8, 2014, pp. 1245–1251. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.12592/full

Creativity Support in Science Brief Citations Proceedings

Banciu, Donald Dumitru; Banciu, Adela; Potolea, Dan. Creativity and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences, a Non-formal Approach Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences Volume 209, No. 3, 2015, pp.39-45. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042815055755

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Books Kaufman, James C.; Sternberg, Robert J. The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity Cambridge University Press, Aug 30, 2010 http://books.google.com/books?id=1EBT3Qj5L5EC&dq=%22The+Cambridge+Handbook+of+ Creativity%22&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Handbook-Creativity-Handbooks-Psychology/dp/0521730252 Simonton, Dean Keith Creativity in Science: Chance, Logic, Genius, and Zeitgeist Cambridge University Press, 2004. http://content.schweitzeronline.de/static/content/catalog/newbooks/978/052/183/9780521835794/9780521835794_Excer pt_001.pdf www.amazon.com/Creativity-Science-Chance-Genius-Zeitgeist/dp/052154369X Bohm, David; Peat, F. David Science, Order and Creativity Taylor & Francis US, 2010. http://books.google.com/books?id=TIYJKh7NQDMC&source=gbs_book_other_versions Sven Hemlin, Carl Martin Allwood, Ben Martin, Michael D. Mumford, editors Creativity and Leadership in Science, Technology, and Innovation Routledge. 2013; 344 pages Series: Routledge Studies in Innovation, Organizations and Technology ISBN 978-0-415-83484-1 www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415834841/ Adams, David James; Sparrow, John Clifford Enterprise for Life Scientists: Developing Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the Biosciences Scion Publishing Limited, 2008 www.amazon.com/Enterprise-Life-Scientists-David-Adams/dp/1904842364 Porter-O'Grady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy Innovation Leadership: Creating the Landscape of Healthcare Jones & Bartlett Learning, Mar 18, 2010 www.amazon.com/Innovation-Leadership-Landscape-Healthcare-PorterOGrady/dp/0763765430

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Chen, Chaomei Foraging Turning Points (2012), pp. 87-137 http://books.google.com/books/about/Turning_Points.html?id=jd8Sm61g2sAC Wierzbicki, Andrzej P.; Nakamori, Yoshiteru Creative Environments: Issues of Creativity Support for the Knowledge Civilization Age (Studies in Computational Intelligence) Springer, August 17, 2007 www.amazon.com/Creative-Environments-Civilization-ComputationalIntelligence/dp/3540714669 Shiu, Eric (editor); Klausen, Soren Harnow (chapter author) Creativity research: An inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary research handbook. Routledge, 2014. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=qD4sAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA31&dq=cre ativity+biomedical+research&ots=b8SWt5p3Ox&sig=6_BtojQ8er7ehDO0hTWYjm6Ghk#v=onepage&q=creativity%20biomedical%20research&f=false Leshner, Alan I.; Terry, Sharon F.; Schultz, Andrea M.; Liverman, Catharyn T. The CTSA Program at NIH: Opportunities for Advancing Clinical and Translational Research National Academic Press, 2013. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EAV1AgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=crea tivity+%22translational+research%22&ots=WiiwRG47AY&sig=LTe1yLojMOy78MiYMXpAli Q58c8#v=onepage&q=creativity%20%22translational%20research%22&f=false Ness, Roberta B. The Creativity Crisis: Reinventing Science to Unleash Possibility Oxford University Press, 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=NnE3BQAAQBAJ&pg=PT180&dq=creativity+%22translati onal+research%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiD36eo5PSAhURxWMKHfbbDGwQ6AEINzAF#v=onepage&q=creativity%20%22translational%20 research%22&f=false Charyton, Christine. Creativity and Innovation Among Science and Art: A Discussion of the Two Cultures Springer-Verlag London, 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=TYVfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA179&dq=creativity+science&hl= en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjD5qqNpJPSAhUE6WMKHdmmCTgQ6AEIHzAB#v=onepage&q=c reativity%20science&f=false

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Adams, Dennis; Hamm, Mary. Demystify Math, Science, and Technology: Creativity, Innovation, and Problem Solving Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2013. https://books.google.com/books?id=YthGYRydxIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=creativity+science&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjD5qqNpJ PSAhUE6WMKHdmmCTgQ6AEIJDAC#v=onepage&q=creativity%20science&f=false Chen, Chaomei. Turning Points: The Nature of Creativity Higher Education Press, 2012. https://books.google.com/books?id=jd8Sm61g2sAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=creativity+scienc e&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjD5qqNpJPSAhUE6WMKHdmmCTgQ6AEIRzAI#v=onepage &q=creativity%20science&f=false Robinson, Andrew. Exceptional Creativity in Science and Technology: Individuals, Institutions, and Innovations Templeton Press, 2013. https://books.google.com/books?id=6Gzs_yJNIFgC&pg=PA25&dq=creativity+science&hl=en& sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiCm8bzpZPSAhVkHGMKHRaBloQ6AEIOjAF#v=onepage&q=creativity%20science&f=false Rodríguez, Gemma; Baños, Josep-Eladi; Carrió, Mar. Creativity Development through Inquiry-Based Learning in Biomedical Sciences Chapter 6 of Handbook of Research on Creative Problem-Solving Skill Development in Higher Education, pp.116-138. IGI Global, 2016. http://www.igi-global.com/book/handbook-research-creative-problem-solving/147732

Creativity Support in Science Annotated Citations Journal Articles, Book Chapters, Conference Papers

Web pages Creativity, Innovation, Tools, Techniques, Books, Discussions, Puzzles, Brain Teasers, Training ... www.mycoted.com/Main_Page InnovationManagement.se “The leading online resource and learning center for managing innovation” www.innovationmanagement.se/tools/softwareheadlines.asp idSpace “Tooling of and training for collaborative, distributed, product innovation” http://idspace-project.org/ innovation.org www.innovation.org Team Science Toolkit https://www.teamsciencetoolkit.cancer.gov/Public/Home.aspx Useful Science http://www.usefulscience.org/creativity Creative Science Foundation http://www.creative-science.org/ Technovelgy

http://technovelgy.com/

Arizona State University, Center for Science and the Imagination http://csi.asu.edu/ Imperial Tech Foresight http://www.imperialtechforesight.com/ World Future Society http://www.wfs.org/ University of Sussex Creative Science Centre http://www.creative-science.org.uk/ Café Scientifique http://www.cafescientifique.org/

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Creativity Support in Science Annotated Citations Journal Articles, Book Chapters, Conference Papers Muller L, Wetzel T, Hobohm H-C, Schrader T. Creativity Support Tools for Data Triggered Hypothesis Generation. Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems (KICSS), 2012Seventh International Conference on. (ISBN: 978-1-4673-4564-4), p. 24-27 www.academia.edu/2050682/Creativity_Support_Tools_for_Data_Triggered_Hypothesis_Gener ation http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=6405606 ABSTRACT The shift from hypothesis-driven to data-driven science implies new methods for hypothesis generation. Creativity support has to be offered for problem finding based on research data. DataCreativityTools (DCT) is a research & development project building a pilot creativity support tool for the OpEN.SC biomedical data. I. INTRODUCTION Some years ago Kell and Oliver asked in an essay: “Hereis the evidence, now what is the hypothesis?” [1] Large data aggregations allow the shift from hypothesis-driven to data-driven research. This change, though, has not been carried out yet satisfyingly. Scientists need to explore new paths to benefit from these data. We believe that findings from research on fostering creativity will enable us to present research data within a creativity enhancing environment, thus supporting research data triggered hypothesis generation. IEEE INDEX TERMS Biomedical imaging , Data models , Data visualization , Discrete cosine transforms , Problemsolving , Semantics , Technological innovation

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Kuo, Yen-Ting; Lonie, Andrew; Sonenberg, Liz; Paizis, Kathy Domain ontology driven data mining: a medical case study Proceedings of the 2007 international workshop on Domain driven data mining Pages 11-17 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1345467 This paper reports a domain ontology-driven approach to data mining on a medical database containing clinical data on patients undergoing treatment for chronic kidney disease. Each record within the dataset is comprised of a large number (up to 96) of quantitative and qualitative metrics which represent the physiological state of a particular patient on a particular day of treatment. One of the challenges of mining such a dataset is that the meaning of many of the metrics/attributes is not easily understood by someone who is not familiar with the domain of kidney disease and treatment, and it is not clear which of the attributes are useful in data mining. This paper explores the possibility of using a medical domain ontology as a source of domain knowledge to aid in both extracting knowledge and expressing the extracted knowledge in a useful format. We describe an approach in which the domain ontology is used to categorize attributes in preparation for mining 'association rules' in the data; the mined rules were then reviewed by comparison to domain knowledge derived from a domain expert in order to gauge their 'usefulness'. We conclude that domain ontology driven data mining can obtain more meaningful results than naïve mining.

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Coulet, Adrien; Smaïl-Tabbone, Malika; Napoli, Amedeo; Devignes, Marie-Dominique Ontology-based knowledge discovery in pharmacogenomics. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Volume 696, 2011, pp. 357-366 PMID: 21431576 www.loria.fr/~devignes/PUBLIS/CouletEtAl-Draft--FinalSubmission-AEMB-2011.pdf One current challenge in biomedicine is to analyze large amounts of complex biological data for extracting domain knowledge. This work holds on the use of knowledge-based techniques such as knowledge discovery (KD) and knowledge representation (KR) in pharmacogenomics, where knowledge units represent genotype-phenotype relationships in the context of a given treatment. An objective is to design knowledge base (KB, here also mentioned as an ontology) and then to use it in the KD process itself. A method is proposed for dealing with two main tasks: (1) building a KB from heterogeneous data related to genotype, phenotype, and treatment, and (2) applying KD techniques on knowledge assertions for extracting genotype-phenotype relationships. An application was carried out on a clinical trial concerned with the variability of drug response to montelukast treatment. Genotype-genotype and genotype-phenotype associations were retrieved together with new associations, allowing the extension of the initial KB. This experiment shows the potential of KR and KD processes, especially for designing KB, checking KB consistency, and reasoning for problem solving.

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Berthold, Michael R.; Dill, Fabian; Kötter, Tobias; Thiel, Kilian Supporting creativity: towards associative discovery of new insights. Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 5012, 2008, pp. 14-25 www.inf.unikonstanz.de/bioml2/publications/Papers2008/BDKT08_TowardsAssociativeDiscoveryOfNewIns ights.pdf In this paper we outline an approach for network-based information access and exploration. In contrast to existing methods, the presented framework allows for the integration of both semantically meaningful information as well as loosely coupled information fragments from heterogeneous information repositories. The resulting Bisociative Information Networks (BisoNets) together with explorative navigation methods facilitate the discovery of links across diverse domains. In addition to such “chains of evidence”, they enable the user to go back to the original information repository and investigate the origin of each link, ultimately resulting in the discovery of previously unknown connections between information entities of different domains, subsequently triggering new insights and supporting creative discoveries.

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Jingshan Huang; Dejing Dou; Lei He; Jiangbo Dang; Hayes, P. Ontology-based knowledge discovery and sharing in bioinformatics and medical informatics: A brief survey Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), 2010 Seventh International Conference on , vol.5, no., pp.2203,2208, 10-12 Aug. 2010 http://tsunami.cis.usouthal.edu/~huang/papers/FSKD-10.pdf Worldwide health scientists are producing, accessing, analyzing, integrating, and storing massive amounts of digital medical data daily, through observation, experimentation, and simulation. If we were able to effectively transfer and integrate data from all possible resources, then a deeper understanding of all these data sets and better exposed knowledge, along with appropriate insights and actions, would be granted. Unfortunately, in many cases, the data users are not the data producers, and they thus face challenges in harnessing data in unforeseen and unplanned ways. In order to obtain the ability to integrate heterogeneous data, and thereby efficiently revolutionize the traditional medical and biological research, new methodologies built upon the increasingly pervasive cyberinfrastructure are required to conceptualize traditional medical and biological data, and acquire the “deep” knowledge out of original data thereafter. As formal knowledge representation models, ontologies can render invaluable help in this regard. In this paper, we summarize the state-of-the-art research in ontological techniques and their innovative application in medical and biological areas.

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Cohen, Trevor; Whitfield, G. Kerr; Schvaneveldt, Roger W.; Mukund, Kavitha; Rindflesch, Thomas EpiphaNet: An Interactive Tool to Support Biomedical Discoveries Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration 2010; 5: 21–49. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2990276 PMCID: PMC2990276 Background. EpiphaNet (http://epiphanet.uth.tmc.edu) is an interactive knowledge discovery system, which enables researchers to explore visually sets of relations extracted from MEDLINE using a combination of language processing techniques. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical and methodological foundations of the system, and evaluate the utility of the models that underlie it for literature-based discovery. In addition, we present a summary of results drawn from a qualitative analysis of over six hours of interaction with the system by basic medical scientists. Results: The system is able to simulate open and closed discovery, and is shown to generate associations that are both surprising and interesting within the area of expertise of the researchers concerned. Conclusions: EpiphaNet provides an interactive visual representation of associations between concepts, which is derived from distributional statistics drawn from across the spectrum of biomedical citations in MEDLINE. This tool is available online, providing biomedical scientists with the opportunity to identify and explore associations of interest to them.

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Karacapilidis, N.; Tzagarakis, M.; Christodoulou, S.; Tsiliki, G. Facilitating scientific collaboration in data-intensive biomedical settings Biomedical Engineering, 2011 10th International Workshop on pp.1,4, 5-7 Oct. 2011 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6079062&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplo re.ieee.org%2Fstamp%2Fstamp.jsp%3Ftp%3D%26arnumber%3D6079062 This paper reports on a Web 2.0 tool that aims to facilitate collaboration in data-intensive biomedical settings. The proposed tool can be viewed as an innovative workbench incorporating and orchestrating a set of interoperable services that reduce the data-intensiveness and complexity overload at critical decision points to a manageable level, thus permitting stakeholders to be more productive and concentrate on creative activities. Through a particular collaboration scenario, we explore various possibilities and challenges of managing biomedical collaboration with the use of the proposed tool.

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Papageorgiou, N.; Verginadis, Y.; Apostolou, D.; Mentzas, G. An Ontology-Based Assistant for Collaborative Processes Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA), 2011 22nd International Workshop on , vol., no., pp.493,497, Aug. 29 2011-Sept. 2 2011 http://imu.ntua.gr/sites/default/files/biblio/Papers/an-ontology-based-assistant-for-collaborativeprocesses.pdf Current collaboration technologies encompass a broad range of tools that enable groups of people to work together and collaboratively create and manage knowledge. To facilitate the efficient use of collaboration tools, patterns have been exploited as models for repeatable collaboration processes for recurring high-value collaborative tasks. We present Collaboration Patterns Assistant, a software tool supporting pattern-based collaboration by providing the necessary ontology driven functionality that allows the recommendation, execution, and management of patterns.

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Shneiderman, Ben Creativity support tools: accelerating discovery and innovation Communications of the ACM 50.12 (2007): 20-32. www.cs.umd.edu/users/ben/papers/Shneiderman2007Creativity.pdf How can designers of programming interfaces, interactive tools, and rich social environments enable more people to be more creative more often? Since scientific discoveries and engineering innovation produce broad benefits, improved tools that advance individual, group, and social creativity are important contributions. The current and forthcoming generations of programming, simulation, information visualization, and other tools are empowering engineers and scientists just as animation and music composition tools have invigorated filmmakers and musicians (see the sidebar “New Media Arts and the Future of Technologies”). These and many other creativity support tools enable discovery and innovation on a broader scale than ever before; eager novices are performing like seasoned masters and the grandmasters are producing startling results. The accelerating pace of academic research, engineering innovation, and consumer product design is amply documented in journal publications, patents, and customer purchases.

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Greener, Mark. Engendering creativity in the biomedical sciences. EMBO reports 6.5 (2005): 402. PMCID: PMC1299306 www.nature.com/embor/journal/v6/n5/full/7400396.html Innovation can be stifled inadvertently or intentionally. Fortunately, there are several ways in which scientists can foster creativity In the early 1950s, Ludwik Gross found that a virus could transmit leukaemia: ground-up, filtered leukaemia cells induced a malignancy when injected into infant mice (Gross, 1951). This finding was anathema to the biological establishment—Gross commented that some oncologists “even doubted my integrity; one of the well-known pathologists [...] refused to shake my hand when I greeted him before one of my lectures” (Kevles, 1997). Gross, who later won the Lasker prize, might today have found himself hauled up on a charge of scientific misconduct or even fraud for announcing such a controversial discovery (Kevles, 1997). In the 1960s, Howard Temin faced resistance—even ridicule—when he suggested that viral RNA could generate complementary DNA. “I'll give Howard's idea the amount of time it's worth—none,” said a leading virologist during a meeting at the time. About a decade later, Temin was awarded the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. In the 1970s, J. Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus faced similar problems when they proposed the oncogene theory of carcinogenesis, which won them the Nobel Prize in 1989 (Kevles, 1997).

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Simonton, Dean Keith Creative Genius in Science Handbook of the Psychology of Science (2012), pp. 251 – 272 http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=G4cN40tsFcwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA251&dq=%22 Creative+Genius+in+Science%22&ots=Re-vmq07oz&sig=lbI6bs1gVCudAucOuSAbqBKlLU#v=onepage&q=%22Creative%20Genius%20in%20Science%22&f=false

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Zelko, Hilary; Zammar,Guilherme Roberto; Ferreira, Ana Paula Bonilauri; Phadtare, Amruta; Shah, Jatin; Pietrobon, Ricardo Selection Mechanisms Underlying High Impact Biomedical Research-A Qualitative Analysis and Causal Model. PloS one 5, no. 5 (2010): e10535. PMCID: PMC2866320 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866320/ Background Although scientific innovation has been a long-standing topic of interest for historians, philosophers and cognitive scientists, few studies in biomedical research have examined from researchers' perspectives how high impact publications are developed and why they are consistently produced by a small group of researchers. Our objective was therefore to interview a group of researchers with a track record of high impact publications to explore what mechanism they believe contribute to the generation of high impact publications. Methodology/Principal Findings Researchers were located in universities all over the globe and interviews were conducted by phone. All interviews were transcribed using standard qualitative methods. A Grounded Theory approach was used to code each transcript, later aggregating concept and categories into overarching explanation model. The model was then translated into a System Dynamics mathematical model to represent its structure and behavior. Five emerging themes were found in our study. First, researchers used heuristics or rules of thumb that came naturally to them. Second, these heuristics were reinforced by positive feedback from their peers and mentors. Third, good communication skills allowed researchers to provide feedback to their peers, thus closing a positive feedback loop. Fourth, researchers exhibited a number of psychological attributes such as curiosity or open-mindedness that constantly motivated them, even when faced with discouraging situations. Fifth, the system is dominated by randomness and serendipity and is far from a linear and predictable environment. Some researchers, however, took advantage of this randomness by incorporating mechanisms that would allow them to benefit from random findings. The aggregation of these themes into a policy model represented the overall expected behavior of publications and their impact achieved by high impact researchers. Conclusions The proposed selection mechanism provides insights that can be translated into research coaching programs as well as research policy models to optimize the introduction of high impact research at a broad scale among institutional and governmental agencies.

Creativity Support in Science Annotated Citations Journal Articles, Book Chapters, Conference Papers

Crespi, Bernard Creative science in theory and practice Ideas in Ecology and Evolution 4: 34–36, 2011 http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/IEE/article/view/4225/4262 “Bill Hamilton once explained to me his philosophy of scientific practice: building dizzying scaffolds of novel thought held together tenuously, at first, by theory and assumption. If the scaffold can support empirical data, then science has progressed by a bold, quantum leap upwards; if not, the whole edifice crashes in spectacular ruins, with damage mainly to pride or ego. He contrasted this scaffold model with one of masonry: collecting data brick by brick to build slowly upon a pre-existing, firm yet unexciting foundation. Solid progress, but nothing new, nothing inspiring, nothing… creative…” `

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Schmidt, Adele L. The battle for creativity: Frontiers in science and science education Bioessays, 32: 1016–1019. www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/36976/67723_1.pdf?sequence=1 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201000092/abstract Creativity is a highly contested social construct which occupies a unique place in the scientific arena as both a requirement for innovation and a personal characteristic that can be developed and extended through quality education. It is broadly agreed that creativity has two essential forms: a) big C creativity (BC), which describes development of transformative performances or products and; b) little C creativity (LC), which is concerned with construction of novel solutions to problems of limited relevance. Within this framework, LC may be considered combinatorial (establishing new connections between old ideas) or exploratory (operating within a limited domain, or limiting set of rules). Many practicing scientists argue that increasing emphasis on collaborative, multidisciplinary research means the historical stereotype of the BC scientist working alone on a research project of their own devising is no longer functionally viable. Others contend that large scale corporatization and commercialization of funding and facilities is the single greatest threat to creativity and innovation and that enforced collaboration leads to ineffective experimentation and research.

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Austin, Robert D.; Devin, Lee; Sullivan, Erin E. Accidental Innovation: Supporting Valuable Unpredictability in the Creative Process Organization Science, 23(5), 1505-1522. http://orgsci.journal.informs.org/content/23/5/1505.abstract Historical accounts of human achievement suggest that accidents can play an important role in innovation. In this paper, we seek to contribute to an understanding of how digital systems might support valuable unpredictability in innovation processes by examining how innovators who obtain value from accidents integrate unpredictability into their work. We describe an inductive, grounded theory project, based on 20 case studies, that looks into the conditions under which people who make things keep their work open to accident, the degree to which they rely on accidents in their work, and how they incorporate accidents into their deliberate processes and arranged surroundings. By comparing makers working in varied conditions, we identify specific factors (e.g., technologies, characteristics of technologies) that appear to support accidental innovation. We show that makers in certain specified conditions not only remain open to accident but also intentionally design their processes and surroundings to invite and exploit valuable accidents. Based on these findings, we offer advice for the design of digital systems to support innovation processes that can access valuable unpredictability.

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Conference / Workshop proceedings Creativity Support Tools A workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation June 13-14, 2005, Washington, DC www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/CST Summary report: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/CST/IJHCI-NSF-Workshop-CST2006.pdf Full report (including final presentations): www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/CST/creativitybook_final.pdf "Creativity support tools is a research topic with high risk but potentially very high payoff. The goal is to develop improved software and user interfaces that empower users to be not only more productive but also more innovative. Potential users include software and other engineers, diverse scientists, product and graphic designers, architects, educators, students, and many others. Enhanced interfaces could enable more effective searching of intellectual resources, improved collaboration among teams, and more rapid discovery processes. These advanced interfaces should also provide potent support in hypothesis formation, speedier evaluation of alternatives, improved understanding through visualization, and better dissemination of results. For creative endeavors that require composition of novel artifacts (e.g., computer programs, scientific papers, engineering diagrams, symphonies, artwork), enhanced interfaces could facilitate exploration of alternatives, prevent unproductive choices, and enable easy backtracking. This U.S. National Science Foundation sponsored workshop brought together 25 research leaders and graduate students to share experiences, identify opportunities, and formulate research challenges. Two key outcomes emerged: (a) encouragement to evaluate creativity support tools through multidimensional in-depth longitudinal case studies and (b) formulation of 12 principles for design of creativity support tools." (from summary report)

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Symposium on Computational Approaches to Creativity in Science Stanford University, March 29–30, 2008 http://cll.stanford.edu/symposia/creativity Website has the abstracts with links to slides. The final report just repeats the abstracts. Overview Creativity manifests in several ways during scientific inquiry, and computational tools can not only improve our understanding of its characteristics but also increase its prevalence within the scientific routine. This symposium brings together researchers from the cognitive, computational, and mathematical sciences to address questions at the intersection of creativity and scientific reasoning, such as  What role does creativity play in different facets of the scientific enterprise, and how can computational tools help in each context?  When does scientific creativity manifest as a systematic search through a problem space and when does it involve altering the problem representation?  When does background knowledge aid creativity in science and when does it interfere with the discovery of creative solutions?  How should we structure computational discovery aids to encourage scientific creativity?  What is the appropriate tradeoff between constraints and flexibility in creativity-support tools?  When do interactions among scientists increase creativity and how can computational aids for interaction support this process? The speakers will report and discuss their important findings on scientific creativity and the potential for computational creativity-support tools. We expect the meeting to suggest research programs that could answer these questions, to raise new questions through the synthesis of perspectives, and to pave the way for increased work on this top and collaborations between some of the active groups.

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Farooq, Umer; Carroll, John M.; Ganoe, Craig H. Supporting creativity in distributed scientific communities. Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work. ACM, 2005. www.personal.psu.edu/uuf100/Site/Publications_files/GROUP05-CreativityInCommunities.pdf We are interested in supporting creativity in distributed scientific communities through sociotechnical interventions. Based on a synthetic literature analysis of creativity and collaborative groups, we present and justify three requirements for supporting creativity: support for divergent and convergent thinking, development of shared objectives, and reflexivity. We discuss our collaboratory prototype and its existing functionality to support creativity. We propose three design implications to support creativity in CSCW: integrate support for individual, dyadic, and group brainstorming, leverage cognitive conflict by preserving and reflecting on minority dissent, and support flexibility in granularity of planning.

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Kerne, Andruid; Webb, Andrew M.; Latulipe, Celine; Carroll, Erin; Drucker, Steven M.; Candy, Linda; Höök, Kristina Evaluation Methods for Creativity Support Environments chi 2013 workshop April 27{May 2, 2013, Paris, France. http://ecologylab.net/workshops/creativity/CHI_CSE_Workshop.pdf Creativity refers to the human processes that underpin sublime forms of expression and fuel innovation. Creativity support environments (CSEs) address diverse areas, including education, science, business, programming, design, art, performance, and everyday life. An environment may consist of a desktop application, or involve specialized hardware, networked topologies, and mobile devices. CSEs may address temporal-spatial aspects of collaborative work. This workshop will gather a community of researchers developing and evaluating creativity support environments. We will share approaches, engage in dialogue, and develop best practices. The outcome will not be a single prescription, but rather a landscape of routes, an ontology of methodologies with consideration to how they map to creative activities, and an emerging consensus on the range of expectations for rigorous evaluation to shape the field of CSE research. The workshop will organize an open repository of CSE evaluation methods and test data.

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Peitersen, Dennis Kjaersgaard; Dolog, Peter; Pedersen, Esben Staunsbjerg; Pedersen, Kenneth Hoest; Lin, Yujian Workshop on Methods & Tools for Computer Supported Collaborative Creativity Process: Linking Creativity & Informal Learning at ECTEL 2009, Nice, France, September 30, 2009. http://dspace.ou.nl/handle/1820/2125 http://dspace.ou.nl/bitstream/1820/2125/4/Retalis%26Sloep.pdf Creativity is best described as the human capacity regularly to solve problems in a way that is initially novel but ultimately acceptable in a culture [1]. Creativity process is an intense collaborative process of generating and exploring ideas meant to contribute to innovative solution of particular problems. During this process, team members go through cycles of divergence, in which new ideas are generated and explored, and convergence, in which new ideas are valued and detailed. Innovators need appropriate methods and supportive tools to generate ideas, reuse them, take them apart, criticise them, or even reject them. Empowering team members to personalize their creativity process in a supportive computer-based collaborative environment of peer assistance, reflection and critique and in interaction with experts and domain specialists can lead also to effective informal learning activities. Networked technologies, and especially social software systems, provide new affordances that facilitate collaboration, innovation and creativity for organizations. The scope of this workshop will be to exchange ideas and know-how about the various methods and tools that efficiently and effectively support the computer-based collaborative creativity process and offer informal learning opportunities. There will be only few presentations (outcome of a review process). The main emphasis will be given to plenary discussion about the maturity of the processes, the tools as well as about what is needed for supporting such processes in industrial environments.

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Theeramunkong, Thanaruk; Kunifuji, Susumu; Sornlertlamvanich, Virach; Nattee, Cholwich Knowledge, Information, and Creativity Support Systems: 5th International Conference, KICSS 2010, Chiang Mai, Thailand, November 25-27, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. http://books.google.com/books?id=pkGpLwH70w0C&source=gbs_navlinks_s See http://ieeexplore.ieee.org for the proceedings of all conferences This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Knowledge, Information, and Creativity Support Systems, KCIS 2010, held in Chang Mai, Thailand, in November 2010. The 23 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. The papers cover a broad range of topics related to all knowledge science-related areas including creativity support, decision science, knowledge science, data mining, machine learning, databases, statistics, knowledge acquisition, automatic scientific discovery, data/knowledge visualization, and knowledge-based systems. Note: Only a few of the papers at these conferences deal with creativity support

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Hesselbach, Juergen; Herrmann, Christoph S. Functional Thinking for Value Creation: Proceedings of the 3rd CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product Service Systems Technische Universiätt Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, May 5th - 6th, 2011 http://books.google.com/books?id=QxqIGssi-kAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s After the IPS² conferences in Cranfield and Linköping in 2009 and 2010 the 3rd CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product Service Systems (IPS²) 2011 takes place in Braunschweig, Germany. IPS² itself is defined as an integrated industrial product and service offering that delivers value in use . The customers expect comprehensive solutions, which are adapted to their individual needs. IPS² offers the possibility to stand out from competition and for long-term customer loyalty. Particularly in times of economic crisis it becomes apparent which producing companies understand to satisfy the needs and requirements of their customers. Especially in this relatively new domain IPS² it will be important to keep track of the whole context and to seek cooperation with other research fields and disciplines. The 3rd CIRP International Conference on Industrial Product Service Systems (IPS²) 2011 serves as a platform for such collaborations and the discussion of new scientific ideas.

Creativity Support in Science Annotated Citations Books

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Books Kaufman, James C.; Sternberg, Robert J. The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity Cambridge University Press, Aug 30, 2010 http://books.google.com/books?id=1EBT3Qj5L5EC&dq=%22The+Cambridge+Handbook+of+ Creativity%22&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Handbook-Creativity-Handbooks-Psychology/dp/0521730252 "The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity is a comprehensive scholarly handbook on creativity from the most respected psychologists, researchers, and educators. This handbook serves both as a thorough introduction to the field of creativity and as an invaluable reference and current source of important information. It covers such diverse topics as the brain, education, business, and world cultures. The first section, "Basic Concepts," is designed to introduce readers to both the history of and key concepts in the field of creativity. The next section, "Diverse Perspectives of Creativity," contains chapters on the many ways of approaching creativity. Several of these approaches, such as the functional, evolutionary, and neuroscientific approaches, have been invented or greatly reconceptualized in the last decade. The third section, "Contemporary Debates," highlights ongoing topics that still inspire discussion. Finally, the editors summarize and discuss important concepts from the book and look to what lies ahead" Reviews: "This volume serves very well not only as a thorough introduction to the study of creativity but also as an invaluable source for more debates, discussions, and future research. For anyone with an interest in current creativity research and theory, this book offers a fascinating reference point and wide-ranging perspectives in creativity across many domains such as the brain and creativity, art, education, everyday life, organizations, society, and world cultures. The book focuses a timely spotlight on functional, evolutionary, and neuroscientific approaches that have developed in the last decade, and the final chapters provide enlightening discussions on the ongoing theoretical issues." - Soon-Mook Lee, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea "Name your question: What is creativity? Can it be tested? Are there creative personalities? Can neuroscience explain creativity? This wide-ranging volume offers engaging accounts of what's known and illuminating debates about what's not." - David Perkins, Harvard Graduate School of Education

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Simonton, Dean Keith Creativity in Science: Chance, Logic, Genius, and Zeitgeist Cambridge University Press, 2004. http://content.schweitzeronline.de/static/content/catalog/newbooks/978/052/183/9780521835794/9780521835794_Excer pt_001.pdf www.amazon.com/Creativity-Science-Chance-Genius-Zeitgeist/dp/052154369X Where do major scientific breakthroughs come from? Do they arise from the logic of the scientific method, or do they result from flashes of genius? Are they the products of some mysterious zeitgeist, or spirit of the times, or do they emerge from chance or serendipity? Dean Simonton provides an answer, not by choosing one explanation and ignoring the others, but rather by unifying all four perspectives into a single theory in which chance plays the primary role, but with the significant involvement of logic, genius and zeitgeist. Reviews: "This engaging and insightful book explores the four candidates that traditionally have been suggested to explain creativity in science. Recommended." -R.M. Davis, Albion College, CHOICE "Simonton is a very clear writer, and the empirical support he marshals is impressive. Although the book begins with an advisement of mathematical formulae to be used, Simonton does not bog the reader down with equations. Instead, he affirms the superiority of the change approach as an overarching explanation to scientific creativity with a thorough account of how the causal predictions based on the logic, genius, and zeitgeist perspectives ultimately contradict available data." -Christopher H. Ramey, Department of Psychology, Florida Southern College, Philosophical Psychology

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Bohm, David; Peat, F. David Science, Order and Creativity Taylor & Francis US, 2010. http://books.google.com/books?id=TIYJKh7NQDMC&source=gbs_book_other_versions One of the foremost scientists and thinkers of our time, David Bohm worked alongside Oppenheimer and Einstein. In Science, Order and Creativity he and physicist F. David Peat propose a return to greater creativity and communication in the sciences. They ask for a renewed emphasis on ideas rather than formulae, on the whole rather than fragments, and on meaning rather than mere mechanics. Tracing the history of science from Aristotle to Einstein, from the Pythagorean theorem to quantum mechanics, the authors offer intriguing new insights into how scientific theories come into being, how to eliminate blocks to creativity and how science can lead to a deeper understanding of society, the human condition and the human mind itself. Science, Order and Creativity looks to the future of science with elegance, hope and enthusiasm.

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Sven Hemlin, Carl Martin Allwood, Ben Martin, Michael D. Mumford, editors Creativity and Leadership in Science, Technology, and Innovation Routledge. 2013; 344 pages Series: Routledge Studies in Innovation, Organizations and Technology ISBN 978-0-415-83484-1 www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415834841/ Leadership is vital to creativity and successful innovation in groups and organizations; leadership is however seldom studied in the academic literature as a creativity driver. One reason for the lack of attention paid to leadership’s effect on creativity may be the common belief that creativity cannot and should not be managed. Creative individuals and groups are regarded as, and indeed often are, autonomous and self-driving. From this belief the erroneous conclusion is drawn that there is no need for leadership in creative environments and situations. The better conclusion, proposed by this book, is that leadership not only stimulates creativity, but that such a leadership in the science, technology, and innovation fields should specifically possess at least two features: a) expertise in the field(s), and b) an ability to create, support, and encourage individuals, groups, and creative knowledge environments. A number of specialist authors in this volume offer original theoretical, empirical, and applied chapters that elucidate how to better organize and lead creative efforts in science, technology, and innovation. A number of important research questions are raised and answered, including: What kinds of leaderships are needed at different levels of S&T organizations for a creative output? What social and cognitive abilities and skills are needed for leadership in creative environments? How does leadership vary with different phases of the creative process? This book offers concrete analysis of how leaders and managers can facilitate, promote, and organize for creative performance in science, technology, and in innovating organizations, making it required reading for academic and industrial research leaders, scientists, and engineers. Contents 1. Introduction Sven Hemlin, Carl Martin Allwood, Ben R. Martin, and Michael D. Mumford Part 1: Theoretical Section 2. Leading Scientists and Engineers: Cognition in a Socio-Technical Context Michael D. Mumford, David Peterson, and Isaac Robledo 3. What Connects Leadership and Creativity? The Mechanisms through Which Leaders May Influence Follower and Team Creativity Leif Denti and Sven Hemlin 4. Leadership, Innovation, and Technology: The Evolution of the Creative Process Samuel T. Hunter, Nicole Ginther, and Joshua Fairchild Part 2: Empirical Section 5. Academic Leadership of High-Performing Research Groups Maaike Verbree, Inge van der Weijden, and Peter van den Besselaar 6. Generation and Life Cycle Effects on Academic Leadership Maaike Verbree, Inge van der Weijden, and Peter van den Besselaar

Creativity Support in Science Annotated Citations Books

7. Time to Create: Pathways to Earlier and Later Creative Discoveries in Noble Prize Winners Dawn L. Eubanks, Michael E. Palanski, Juani Swart, Michelle Hammond, and Joy Oguntebi Part 3: Implications Section 8. Succession Planning for Scientific Positions: Identifying, Developing, and Retaining Leaders for Innovation Ginamarie S. Ligon, Kate T. Dembroski, Robyn C. Mapp, Gamesa Zongrone, and Bianca M. Zongrone 9. Leading Interdisciplinary Creative Teams: Challenges and Solutions Roni Reiter-Palmon, Triparna de Vreede, and Gert-Jan de Vreede 10. Leadership and Followership in Science and Technology Michael E. Gorman 11. Creative Leadership: Meaning and Value for Science, Technology, and Innovation Gerard Puccio, Marie Mance, and Jeffery Zaco-Smith 12. Conclusions Sven Hemlin, Carl Martin Allwood, Ben R. Martin, and Michael D. Mumford

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Adams, David James; Sparrow, John Clifford Enterprise for Life Scientists: Developing Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the Biosciences Scion Publishing Limited, 2008 www.amazon.com/Enterprise-Life-Scientists-David-Adams/dp/1904842364 Enterprise for Life Scientists is a new text designed to develop entrepreneurial skills in the life science community. Universities and governments are keen for academics to commercialize their ideas, but good advice on how to do so can be hard to find. Undergraduates and postgraduates are increasingly being encouraged to develop their commercial skills but, unlike other academic subjects, no textbook exists to support this. Enterprise for Life Scientists uniquely fills both gaps; it covers the key issues for academic commercialization, including IP protection, business planning, funding, and spin-out companies, in a very accessible format with frequent examples drawn from real-life case studies. The book is a 'must-have' for any life science academic thinking about harnessing the commercial potential of their academic work, as well as providing a superb text on which to base courses on enterprise in the undergraduate curriculum. Reviews: Enterprise for Life Scientists is a very informative publication, covering the processes, considerations and skills that are integral to the development of effective strategies for the exploitation of novel ideas generated through biological research. This much needed guide is presented in a highly accessible format and makes good use of real-life case studies to illustrate key points and processes. The style, content and use of features, such as the summary sections at the end of each chapter to reinforce core messages, make this a valuable teaching aid for undergraduate students, postgraduate researchers and trainers alike. To summarize, Enterprise for Life Scientists is a timely publication which provides biologists, from undergraduate to researcher, with a comprehensive guide to knowledge transfer and the commercialization process. The accessible format and language make this an excellent tool to support enterprise learning. Sarah Wilbourn, University of Durham

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Porter-O'Grady, Tim; Malloch, Kathy Innovation Leadership: Creating the Landscape of Healthcare Jones & Bartlett Learning, Mar 18, 2010 www.amazon.com/Innovation-Leadership-Landscape-Healthcare-PorterOGrady/dp/0763765430 Innovation Leadership: Creating the Landscape of Healthcare focuses on the unique skills related to leading the innovation process in healthcare. This unique text relates leadership skills and attributes necessary to guide organizations and people through the process of innovation in a way that ensures successful innovation outcomes. This contributed text provides a variety of viewpoints on leadership in light of the various formats and tool-sets necessary to assure successful innovation.

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Chen, Chaomei Foraging Turning Points (2012), pp. 87-137 http://books.google.com/books/about/Turning_Points.html?id=jd8Sm61g2sAC Creative thinking in a broad range of scientific discoveries is similar to food foraging. A food forager uses creative processes when finding the next patch of food. Decisions made for optimal foraging need to take into account the uncertainties and risks of the investment of time, energy, and other resources and the expected gains. If foragers have a vast number of alternatives to consider but only a tiny chance of finding anything useful, then the foragers are alert to scents, signs, and other types of cues to avoid an unproductive search. A scientist, as a forager and creator of new knowledge, faces similar challenges of finding patches of ideas, theories, and evidence in scientific inquires. Since scientific breakthroughs, or transformative discoveries, are truly novel in creating a new way of thinking, these involve the identification of patches of knowledge that are often either remote from the state of the art or non-existent. Notable examples of this include searching for earth-like planets in the Universe, searching for satisfactory compounds in chemical space for drug discovery, or searching for new ideas that may revolutionize a field or lead to the birth of a new field.

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Wierzbicki, Andrzej P.; Nakamori, Yoshiteru Creative Environments: Issues of Creativity Support for the Knowledge Civilization Age (Studies in Computational Intelligence) Springer, August 17, 2007 www.amazon.com/Creative-Environments-Civilization-ComputationalIntelligence/dp/3540714669 Creative Environments is a follow-up on the book Creative Space in the same series and by the same authors, serving this time as editors of a broader book on computational intelligence and knowledge engineering tools for supporting knowledge creation. This book contains four parts. The first part presents a further development of models of knowledge creation presented already in Creative Space, in particular the Triple Helix of normal academic knowledge creation and a new, integrated model of normal academic and organizational knowledge creation, called Nanatsudaki (seven waterfalls) Model. The second part presents computational intelligence tools for knowledge acquisition by machine learning and data mining, for debating, brainstorming, for road mapping and for integrated support of academic creativity. The third part presents the use of statistics for creativity support, virtual laboratories, gaming and role playing for creativity support, methods of knowledge representation and multiple criteria aggregation, distance and electronic learning. The last part addresses knowledge management and philosophical issues and contains chapters: on management of technology and knowledge management for academic R&D; on knowledge management and creative holism or systems thinking in the knowledge age; on technology and change or the role of technology in knowledge civilization; on the emergence of complex concepts in science; and the final chapter on summary and conclusions, including a proposal of an integrated episteme of constructive evolutionary objectivism, necessary for the knowledge civilization age. Review From the reviews: "This book demonstrates the numerous types of reciprocal relationships between knowledge, creativity, and documentation … and many more cognitive/intellectual inter-dependencies. … The style of presentation (layout and format) is superb because of the many diagrams/graphics and various types, tables and models … as all professions deal with knowledge, creativity, innovation, data bases, documentation, […] there is in reality no limit to the book’s appeal: all theoretical/abstract and pragmatic/applied data are fundamentally highly relevant." (Karl H. Wolf, Journal of Documentation, Vol. 65 (3), 2009)

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Web pages Creativity, Innovation, Tools, Techniques, Books, Discussions, Puzzles, Brain Teasers, Training ... www.mycoted.com/Main_Page Mycoted is a company dedicated to improving Creativity and Innovation for solving problems worldwide, with that in mind, we provide a central repository for Creativity and Innovation on the Internet as a summary of tools, techniques, mind exercises, puzzles, book reviews etc, that is open to all - and can be written by all.

InnovationManagement.se “The leading online resource and learning center for managing innovation” www.innovationmanagement.se/tools/softwareheadlines.asp We are strong believers in treating innovation management as any other management discipline that can be learned and used as a sustainable strategy for creating long-term value. Our goal is to facilitate an increased sharing of knowledge, best practices, tools and related resources among innovation practitioners and other professionals who want to bring the discipline of innovation to their organizations.

idSpace “Tooling of and training for collaborative, distributed, product innovation” http://idspace-project.org/ Society and industry in particular increasingly rely on innovative designs for products and services. Innovation starts with the creativity of individuals; they collaborate in teams, exchange ideas and share knowledge, learning together, informally. Such innovators go through cycles in which new ideas are generated and explored, valued and detailed. But they need appropriate tools to generate ideas, reuse them, take them apart, criticise them, or even reject them. The ultimate goal of the idSpace project was to build, in prototypical form, the idSpace environment that should come to the aid of distributed teams of innovators who want to collaborate on product design, thereby making use of earlier results by themselves or even others.

Creativity Support in Science Web pages

innovation.org www.innovation.org Innovation.org, a project of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, is a place to discuss and learn about pharmaceutical innovation. We seek to:  Provide space for an exchange of ideas about pharmaceutical innovation;  Raise awareness of the critical issues facing pharmaceutical innovation;  Communicate essential information about the nature of pharmaceutical discovery, the challenges it faces, the value it provides, and the future promise it holds.

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Creativity Support in Science Funding Sources

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Funding sources www.nsf.gov/pubs/2012/nsf12011/nsf12011.jsp Dear Colleague Letter - CREATIV: Creative Research Awards for Transformative Interdisciplinary Ventures "INSPIRE is aimed to encourage cross-disciplinary science. INSPIRE will help to break down any disciplinary barriers that may exist within NSF and encourage its program managers to use new tools, collaboration modes and techniques in the merit-review process to widen the pool of prospective discoveries that may be hidden from or circumvented by traditional means." CREATIV is the first grant award mechanism under INSPIRE, and will be the only one launched in FY 2012. In brief, its distinguishing characteristics are: only internal merit review is required; proposals must be interdisciplinary and potentially transformative; requests may be up to $1,000,000 and up to five years duration (further details and specifications below). In the future, further announcements will be made regarding INSPIRE activities to be launched in FY 2013 and beyond. The funding for INSPIRE in future years is expected to increase substantially each year, reaching a steady state in FY 2016. Goals of the CREATIV grant mechanism    

Create new interdisciplinary opportunities that are not perceived to exist presently. Attract unusually creative high-risk / high-reward interdisciplinary proposals. Provide substantial funding, not limited to the exploratory stage of the pursuit of novel ideas. Designate no favored topics; be open to all NSF-supported areas of science, engineering, and education research.

https://commonfund.nih.gov/TRA/index.aspx NIH Director's Transformative Research Award Program Program Description The Common Fund's NIH Director’s Transformative Research Award initiative, formerly known as the Transformative Research Project (TR01), is created specifically to support exceptionally innovative and/or unconventional research projects that have the potential to create or overturn fundamental paradigms. These projects tend to be inherently risky and may not fare well in conventional NIH review. As compared to the other NIH Director’s Awards - the Pioneer, New Innovator Award, and Early Independence Awards - the primary emphasis of the Transformative Research Awards initiative is to support research on bold, paradigm-shifting, but untested ideas, rather than to support exceptionally creative individuals who wish to pursue new, potentially high impact research directions.

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Novel Clinical and Translational Methodologies Pilot Projects (OVPR)

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Pilot and Collaborative Translational and Clinical Studies (OVPR)

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NIH Director's Early Independence Award ● “provide a mechanism for exceptional early career scientists to move rapidly into independent research positions at U.S. institutions by essentially omitting the traditional post-doctoral training period” ● “Reducing the amount of time these scientists spend in training would provide them the opportunity to start highly innovative research programs as early in their careers as possible.”

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NIH Director's New Innovator Award ● “The NIH Director's New Innovator Award program is different from traditional NIH grants in several ways. It is designed specifically to support unusually creative new investigators with highly innovative research ideas at an early stage of their career when they may lack the preliminary data required for an R01 grant. ” NIH Director’s Pioneer Award program ● “Supporting individual scientists of exceptional creativity, who propose pioneering – and possibly transforming approaches – to major challenges in biomedical and behavioral research.”

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Stemmler Medical Education Research Fund ● “The goal of the Stemmler Fund is to provide support for research or development of innovative assessment approaches that will enhance the evaluation of those preparing to, or continuing to, practice medicine.“

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Thrasher Research Fund ● “seeks to foster an environment of creativity and discovery aimed at finding solutions to children's health problems. The Fund awards grants for research that offers substantial promise for meaningful advances in prevention and treatment of children's diseases, particularly research that offers broad-based applications.“

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The National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF) - NHF/Novo Nordisk Career Development Award (CDA) ● “The overall objectives of the CDA program are to advance bleeding disorders research by promoting development of novel and innovative studies by established investigators.” ● “The selection of this award was made through a peer review process conducted by NHF’s Research Review Committee. This volunteer committee consists of both highly experienced clinicians and researchers working in the field of hemostasis.”

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Career Awards for Medical Scientists (The Burroughs Wellcome Fund) ● “Five-year $700,000 awards for physician-scientists to bridge advanced postdoctoral/fellowship training and the early years of faculty service. Proposals must be in the area of basic biomedical, disease-oriented, or translational research.”

10 Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease (The Burroughs Wellcome Fund) ● “The awards are intended to give recipients the freedom and flexibility to pursue new avenues of inquiry and higher-risk research projects that hold potential for significantly advancing the biochemical, pharmacological, immunological, and molecular biological understanding of how microbes and the human body interact. ” 11 Office of Naval Research (ONR) Broad Agency Announcement ● “seeks research proposals for long-range science and technology projects which offer potential for advancement and improvement of Navy and Marine Corps operations, including proposals for biomedical research under the “Warfighter Performance” area.” 12 Pilot and Feasibility Grant - The Alpha-1 Foundation ● “The objective of this grant is to provide funds to encourage the development and testing of new hypotheses and/or new methods in research areas relevant to AAT Deficiency. Proposed work must be hypothesis generating or hypothesis testing, reflecting innovative approaches to important questions in AAT research or development of novel methods, and providing sufficient preliminary data to justify the Foundation’s support.” 13 Glaucoma Research Foundation ● “The National Institutes of Health and large companies may pass over the young researcher with an innovative idea, if there is no precedent. Armed with evidence made possible by our research grants, scientists can often secure the major funding necessary to bring their ideas to fruition.” 14

The Hollis Brownstein Research Grants Program of the Leukemia Research Foundation ● “The Leukemia Research Foundation is unique in the level of support it provides to highly promising scientists in this absolutely critical research niche. Providing one year grants of $100,000 to selected New Investigator researchers, allows innovative scientists to act on their ideas, and try new procedures and experiments that will hopefully lead to significant breakthroughs. The Leukemia Research Foundation funds the research of scientists that are from independent labs, not the labs of pharmaceutical companies.”

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15 Uniting Against Lung Cancer - Legacy Program ● “The Foundation prioritizes novel ideas with potential to make a significant impact on current treatment of lung cancer and patient survival, adding years rather than months. In addition to funding the highest quality science, we have prioritized providing start-up funds for early-career investigators to build the foundation for a lung cancer research program.” 16

Mary Catherine Calisto Systems Biology Initiative - National Brain Tumor Society ● “The Mary Catherine Calisto Systems Biology Initiative mandates that grantees form a team of researchers and scientists, which include experts outside of their own specialties. We believe this collaboration will fuel discovery for all brain tumor research, and provide an integrative view to the tumors of interest for this specific program.”

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Innovation Research Grant Program - National Brain Tumor Society ● “The Innovation Research Grant Program supports transformative projects that will significantly move the field of brain tumor research forward. These may include "out-of-the-box" projects or new research approaches which are critical to move therapies through the drug discovery and development pipeline, more quickly. Research that represents an incremental advance is not considered innovative.”

18 Prostate Cancer Research ● Has had awards for creative and innovative research numerous times in the past. No current RFA’s. 19 Disease Targeted Research Grants - American College of Rheumatology Research and Education Foundation ● “Through our disease targeted research initiative, the REF is committed to funding innovative research that is not being done elsewhere, which will impact medical breakthroughs in rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. The important work being done through this program is integral in our quest to find a cure.” 20 FY13 NIDA Avant-Garde Award Program for HIV/AIDS Research (DP1) ● Supports individual scientists of exceptional creativity who propose high-impact research that will open new areas of HIV/AIDS research and/or lead to new avenues for prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS among drug abusers. The term avant-garde is used to describe highly innovative approaches that have the potential to be transformative.

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21 Image-guided Drug Delivery in Cancer (R01) ● Encourages innovative translational research in the development of quantitative in vivo imaging characterization of image-guided drug delivery (IGDD) in cancer, including characterizations of the target, delivery validation, and therapy response. 22 Development, Application, and Evaluation of Prediction Models for Cancer Risk and Prognosis (R01) ● Improve existing models for cancer risk and prognosis by developing innovative research projects that use existing data; develop new models for cancer risk and prognosis; and validate new models and evaluate their utility in research and clinic settings. 23 Grants for Alzheimers Disease Drug Discovery (R21) ● The goal is not to duplicate or compete with pharmaceutical companies but to encourage the process of discovering new, innovative, and effective therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of the cognitive impairment and behavioral symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease 24 Cancer Prevention Research Small Grant Program (R03) ● New, as well as established, investigators in relevant fields and disciplines (e.g., chemoprevention, nutritional science, genetics, infectious agents, and early detection, including biomarker development and validation) are encouraged to apply for these small grants to test the feasibility of innovative ideas or carry out pilot studies. Ultimately, these small grants are expected to facilitate the development of full research projects grants. 25 Early-Phase Clinical Trials for Blood Cell Therapies (R01) ● Supporting early-phase clinical trials i.e., first-in-human, phase I, or phase II trials to evaluate innovative and novel cell therapies to treat blood diseases and/or to improve the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantations. 26 Pilot studies in Pancreatic Cancer (R21) ● Encourages the submission of Research Project Grant (R21) applications from institutions and organizations that propose to promote innovative research across multiple disciplines for a better understanding of the biology, etiology, detection, prevention, and treatment of pancreatic cancer. 27 Cutting-Edge Basic Research Awards (CEBRA) (R21) ● Foster highly innovative or conceptually creative research related to drug abuse and addiction and how to prevent and treat them.

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28 NINDS Program Project Grant (P01) ● Issued by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to enable submission of program project grant applications that propose to conduct innovative, interactive research to answer significant scientific questions that are important for the mission of NINDS, via a synergistic collaboration between outstanding scientists who might not otherwise collaborate. 29 Neurobiology of Migraine (R01) ● Encourages R01 grant applications from institutions/organizations that intend to perform innovative research that will expand our current knowledge of neurobiological mechanisms underlying migraine headache, examine the role of neuromodulators, genetic and environmental influences in migraine susceptibility, and explore new targets for therapy development. 30 Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins (R01) ● Innovative methods for expression, oligomerization, solubilization, stabilization, purification, characterization, crystallization, isotopic labeling, and structure determination of unique and biologically significant membrane proteins by x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and other biophysical techniques are encouraged. Projects that will lead in the near term to determining the structures of biologically important membrane proteins are also encouraged. 31 Exploratory/Developmental Investigations on Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (R21) ● Support innovative exploratory/developmental investigations in primary immunodeficiency diseases focusing on ex vivo studies with human specimens and on studies with current or new animal models, including novel clinical strategies for detecting, identifying the molecular basis of, or developing innovative therapies for, primary immunodeficiency diseases 32 Stimulating Hematology Investigation: New Endeavors (SHINE) (R01) ● The Stimulating Hematology Investigation: New Endeavors (SHINE) program is intended to promote innovative, high quality hematology research relevant to the mission of The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). 33 AACR Dharma Master Jiantai Innovative Grant for Lung Cancer Research ● Provide additional funding to an investigator for an existing project that develops and studies new ideas and approaches that have direct application and relevance to lung cancer.

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34 Pancreatic Cancer Action Network-AACR Innovative Grants ● Available to independent junior and senior investigators to develop and study new ideas and approaches that have direct application and relevance to pancreatic cancer. 35 AHA National Innovative Research Grant ● To support highly innovative, high-risk, high-reward research that could ultimately lead to critical discoveries or major advancements that will accelerate the field of cardiovascular and stroke research. 36 The Arthritis Foundation's Innovative Research Grant (IRG) ● Stimulate new approaches to solving arthritis, particularly in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Osteoarthritis (OA), and Juvenile Arthritis (JA) 37 Brain Research Foundation’s Annual Scientific Innovations Award Program ● Funding for innovative science in both basic and clinical neuroscience. This funding mechanism is designed to support creative, exploratory, cutting edge research in well-established research laboratories, under the direction of established investigators. 38 Damon Runyon-Rachleff Innovation Award ● Provide funding to extraordinary early career researchers who have an innovative new idea but lack sufficient preliminary data to obtain traditional funding. 39 The BCRP Innovator Award ● Supports visionary individuals who have demonstrated creativity, innovative work, and leadership in any field including, but not limited to, breast cancer. 40 Doris Duke Innovations in Clinical Research Award ● Funding for early-stage research projects in clinical investigation to foster innovations in clinical research that advance the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human disease. 41 Phased Innovation Awards (PIA) in AIDS Vaccine Research ● Support prophylactic vaccine research projects that are innovative, novel, may be high risk/high impact, and that exhibit the potential to advance AIDS prophylactic vaccine design or evaluation. All areas of investigation contributing to the development of an efficacious HIV/AIDS vaccine are welcome. Clinical trials will not be supported under this initiative.

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42 Bio behavioral Research Awards for Innovative New Scientists (BRAINS) ● Support the research and research career development of outstanding scientists who are in the early, formative stages of their careers and who plan to make a long term career commitment to research in specific mission areas of the NIMH. This award seeks to assist these individuals in launching an innovative clinical, translational, or basic research program that holds the potential to profoundly transform the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of mental disorders, paving the way for a cure. Each year the BRAINS program will focus on a specific area of research and research career development need 43 Kenneth Rainin Foundation ● Supports “out-of-the-box” innovative research projects that are potentially transformative to our efforts to diagnose, treat and/or cure Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). 44 Advances in Biological Informatics (ABI) ● Innovation awards that seek to pioneer new approaches to the application of informatics to biological problems 45 Science and Technology Centers: Integrative Partnerships ● Supports innovative, potentially transformative, complex research and education projects that require large-scale, long-term awards. 46 Advancing Health Services through System Modeling Research ● Foster new collaborations among health services researchers and industrial and systems engineers with a specific emphasis on the supportive role of health IT. 47 Vilcek Foundation  The Vilcek Foundation will award three prizes of $50,000 each to young foreignborn biomedical scientists who demonstrate outstanding early achievement. Eligible work may be in basic, applied, and/or translational biomedical science. 48 Innovation Corps – Nodes Program (I-Corps Nodes)  The National Science Foundation (NSF) seeks to further develop and nurture a national innovation ecosystem that builds upon fundamental research to guide the output of scientific discoveries closer to the development of technologies, products, processes and services that benefit society. The goal of the program is to dramatically reduce the period of time necessary to bring a promising idea from its inception to widespread implementation.  Through this solicitation, NSF is seeking to expand and sustain the network of Innovation Corps (I-CorpsTM) (hereinafter I-Corps) Nodes that work cooperatively to support the development of innovations that will benefit society. NSF plans to build upon the established National Innovation Network (consisting of I-Corps Nodes and Sites) to further support the needs for innovation research,

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education and training. The interconnected nodes of the network are expected to be diverse in research areas, resources, tools, programs, capabilities, and geographic locations - providing the network with the flexibility to grow or reconfigure as needs arise. I-Corps Nodes will foster understanding on how to: 1) identify, develop and support promising ideas that can generate value, 2) create and implement tools, resources and training activities that enhance our nation's innovation capacity, 3) gather, analyze, evaluate and utilize the data and insight resulting from the experiences of those participating in regional programs and 4) share and leverage effective innovation practices on a national scale - to improve the quality of life for the U.S. citizenry. In addition, Nodes must identify and are expected to implement plans for sustainable scaling of their efforts beyond the duration of NSF support.

49 Creative Biolabs Scholarship  In an effort to further support their research and higher education in the medical and science-related field, Creative Biolabs is proud to announce its first Fall Scholarship Program following the successful Spring Scholarship Program. Also, we’ll award $1,000 to an outstanding college student in fall 2017! 50 Ruth B. Noller Research Grant  The Ruth B. Noller Research Grant fosters and supports emerging, paradigm-shifting research with high potential for impact in the field of creativity, creative education studies, and/or creative thinking by recognizing an individual team engaged in such research.