http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.926537
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Complete mitochondrial genome of Lamprotula coreana (Unionidae, Unionoida, Bivalvia) Jin Hee Lee1,2, Sang Ki Kim1,2, and Ui Wook Hwang1 1
Department of Biology, Teachers College & Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea and School of Life Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Abstract
Keywords
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Lamprotula coreana, which is an endangered and endemic species in South Korea, was determined. Its length is 15,819 bp, which mainly consists of 13 protein-coding, 2 rRNA, and 22 tRNA genes. In addition, there were 26 noncoding regions (NC) found throughout the mitogenome of L. coreana, ranging in size from 3 bp to 287 bp.
Complete mitochondrial genome, Lamprotula coreana, unionidae
Lamprotula coreana (Bivalvia, Unionoida, Unionidae) is an endemic and endangered species in South Korea. It has been known that its habitats are Han River and Geum River in South Korea. Since its population size has rapidly declined in South Korea during the past decades, a few populations are found only in Geum River. The complete mitochondrial genome data have been usefully employed for conservation and management of endangered species (e.g. Choi et al., 2010; Jang & Hwang, 2009; Kim et al., 2011). In the present study, complete mitochondrial genome (15,819 bp) from the female type of L. coreana, was sequenced (GenBank accession no. JX050180) and characterized in detail. The sample was collected from Geum River in Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do province, South Korea. All experiments were carried out by following the standard laboratory procedures described by Jang & Hwang (2009). The complete mitochondrial genome of L. coreana mainly consists of 13 protein-coding, 2 rRNA, and 22 tRNA genes, and additionally 26 noncoding regions (Table 1). The overall base composition of the heavy strand is 37.92% A, 25.29% T, 24.26% C, and 12.54% G, with an AT content of 63.21%. All 37 genes typically found in the metazoan mitogenomes were identified in L. coreana (e.g. Jang & Hwang, 2009; Kim et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2012a,b,c). The gene order of the mitochondrial genome is like this (underlined genes are translated from the opposite strand): CO1, CO2, ND3, tRNAHis, tRNAAla, tRNASer2, tRNASer1, tRNAGlu, ND2, tRNAMet, tRNATrp, tRNAArg, 12S rRNA, tRNALys, tRNAThr, tRNATyr, 16S rRNA, tRNALeu2, tRNAAsn, tRNAPro, CytB, tRNAPhe, ND5, tRNAGln, tRNACys, tRNAIle, tRNAVal, tRNALeu1, ND1, tRNAGly, ND6, ND4, ND4L, ATP8, tRNAAsp, ATP6, CO3. The two leucine and two serine tRNA genes were distinguished from each other by their Correspondence: Prof. Ui Wook Hwang, Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea. Tel: +82-53-950-5911. Fax: +82-53-950-6809. E-mail:
[email protected]
History Received 15 May 2014 Accepted 18 May 2014 Published online 25 June 2014
anticodon sequence: tRNALeu1(UAA), tRNALeu2(UAG), tRNASer1(UCU), and tRNASer2(UGA). Typically, four different start codons such as L (UUG), I (AUU, AUG), M (AUA, AUG), and V (GUG) have been known in mitochondrial invertebrate code. In L. coreana, six genes like ATP6, ATP8, CO2, CO3, ND2 and ND3 start with M, ND5 and ND4L with V, CO1 and ND6 with L, and CytB and ND4 with I, and ND1 with T. The two stop codons of TAA and TAG were mainly used in the L. coreana mitogenome except for an incomplete stop codon found in ND2 (AA-). Interestingly, there were found two gene overlapping of eight nucleotides between the 50 region of ND4 and the 30 region of the ND4L and one nucleotide between the 50 region of ND2 and the 30 region of the tRNAMet. There were found 26 noncoding regions (NC) throughout the L. coreana mitogenome, ranging from 3 bp to 287 bp in size. Among them, 20 NCs are smaller than 50 bp, 3 NCs range from 50 bp to 100 bp, and 3 NCs were larger than 100 bp. The three largest NCs were found between tRNAHis and tRNAAla (125 bp), between ND5 and tRNAGln (233 bp) and between tRNAGlu and ND2 (287 bp). It is known that such multiple noncoding regions were common in Bivalvia (e.g. Breton et al., 2011; Doucet-Beaupre´ et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2012a; Serb & Lydeard, 2003). We expect that the present results could contribute to the conservation of the endangered unionid species L. coreana and preservation of its genetic resources.
Acknowledgement We thank the anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on the manuscript.
Declaration of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2011-0011863) and financial support was
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J. H. Lee et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Table 1. Mitochondrial genome characteristics of L. coreana.
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Sang Ki Kim on 02/11/15 For personal use only.
Position
Codon
Feature
From
To
Strand
Size (bp)
Start
Stop
CO1 CO2 ND3 tRNAHis tRNAAla tRNASer(UGA) tRNASer(UCU) tRNAGlu ND2 tRNAMet tRNATrp tRNAArg 12 S rRNA tRNALys tRNAThr tRNATyr 16 S rRNA tRNALeu(UAG) tRNAAsn tRNAPro CytB tRNAPhe ND5 tRNAGln tRNACys tRNAIIe tRNAVal tRNALeu(UAA) ND1 tRNAGly ND6 ND4 ND4L ATP8 tRNAAsp ATP6 CO3
1 1564 2302 2787 2931 3041 3119 3192 3547 4511 4585 4654 4719 5577 5644 5715 5777 7061 7141 7214 7278 8435 8545 10,512 10,593 10,666 10,735 10,798 10,865 11,765 11,839 12,391 13,715 14,041 14,209 14,295 15,017
1542 2244 2661 2851 2996 3104 3187 3259 4511 4574 4647 4718 5576 5643 5706 5776 7060 7123 7208 7277 8426 8497 10,278 10,580 10,654 10,730 10,797 10,861 11,761 11,826 12,336 13,722 14,011 14,208 14,271 14,996 15,796
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
1542 681 360 65 66 64 69 68 965 64 63 65 858 67 63 62 1284 63 68 64 1149 63 1734 69 62 65 63 64 897 62 498 1332 297 168 63 702 780
TTG ATG ATA
TAG TAG TAA
ATG
AA-
ATC
TAG
GTG
TAA
ACT
TAA
CTA ATT GTG ATG
TAA CTA TAG TGA
ATG ATG
TAG TAA
Intergenic nucleotidesa 21 57 125 79 44 14 4 287 1 10 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 17 5 0 8 47 233 12 11 4 0 3 3 12 54 8 29 0 23 20
a
Positive numbers are the number of nucleotides found in intergenic spacers between different genes. Negative numbers indicate overlapping nucleotides between adjacent genes.
provided by the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of Ministry of Environment, KOREA (1834-302, Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Korea) awarded to U.W.H.
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