Co-creation in local public services delivery innovation: Slovak experience
Slovenia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Slovakia
Introduction 0 What is an innovation in public sector? 0 public value in terms of increasing the efficiency, quality and transparency of public services 0 consistency between the character of the innovation and the environment where innovation takes place 0 innovation process in public sector requires legitimacy, political sustainability , strengthening democratic values and respect the needs of citizens 0 innovation aims to “shape” the public service following the needs of its consumers – citizens, thus we can speak of so called co-creation
Co-creation 0 Co-initiation, in which citizens act as initiators,
0 Co-design, in which citizens are invited to co-design,
and 0 Co-implementation, in which citizens are invited to implement public services
Goal To identify different types of co-creation in social innovations and the relevant drivers and barriers that account for the success or failure of co-creation processes at the local government level in Slovakia, with a focus on the fields of welfare and the environment.
Material and methods 0 part of LIPSE (Learning from Innovation in Public Sector
Environments) research project 0 extensive document analysis of relevant policy documents, databases and websites and more than ten expert interviews -> list of 10 case studies (5 examples of cocreation in the welfare sector and 5 in environment) 0 Selection citeria: 0 Citizens involved as co-designer or initiator 0 Cases from policy sectors public welfare or rural/urban
regeneration 0 Possible to specify the outcomes of co-creation processes
Case
Goal of co-creation initiative
Main actors/stakeholders
1. Conciliation councils
Help citizen to solve any kind of conflicts, especially ethnical conflicts
Citizens, NGO PDCS, C.S.Mott Foundation, municipalities in given areas
2. Social housing Kojatice
Provide social housing for Roma with certain guarantee of its maintenance thanks to Roma co-financing and co-building Provide material and non-material support to young mothers in social need for their inclusion into the society
University students, Roma citizens, local selfgovernment and its mayor, NGO ETP Slovakia
3. Godmothers
4. Electronic Guard
NGO “Sanca pre nechcenych”, SPP Foundation, VUB Foundation, Orange foundation, municipalities that decided to support the project
Improve life of elderly citizen with disabilities by telecare and related assistive technologies 5. Relax path Martin Improved life for elderly by building barrier free public relaxation infrastructure – nature path
Involved local governments, private IT company YMS, private telecommunication company Orange Municipality of Martin, several citizen initiatives (Joga v dennom živote, DIAMART – club of people with diabetes and a Club of pensioners Martin)
6. “Green Patrol” in Bratislava
Citizen initiative “Green Patrol”, municipality Bratislava and its local parts, inhabitants of Bratislava
Increased citizen participation and responsibility for clean green areas, better quality of environment in the city
7. Interactive portal Improve and maintain the quality of “Green Patrol” environment in the city, improve collaboration between citizen, participating organizations and city
Citizen initiative “Green Patrol”, municipality Bratislava, citizens on social network
8. Trash out
Improve physical environment and collaboration of all sectors
Involved local governments, environmental NGOs (Greenpeace, Let’s do it, Enviweb cz, Emerald Planet, Priatelia zeme, Greenoffice sk), waste management companies, Ministry of environment of the Slovak Republic and Environmental fund of the Slovak Republic
9. City in mobile
Facilitate citizen participation and improve physical environment
10. PrieStory
Realization of low cost investment projects of physical infrastructure executed by volunteers living in the area, improve collaboration between sectors
Private company Datalan, a.s, municipalities in Bratislava self-governing region and thein inhabitants Ekopolis Foundation, citizens, participating municipalities, CSOB bank, local companies (as sponsors providing additional funding)
Participation of local governments in Slovakia in co-creation 100%
80%
80%
80%
60%
50%
40%
40% 20% 0%
20% 0% Initiation
20%
10%
0%
Design No
Partly
Implementation Yes
Findings I 0 a very limited interest of municipalities to participate
in activities proposed and designed by other partners/actors 0 Initiatiors of co-creation:
0 formal or informal third sector structures (NGOs or
citizens) 0 private sector - especially in IT (area as implementation of co-creation initiatives also improves their sales and profit)
Program PrieStory • 2 PrieStory program managers (Ekopolis NGO the co-creation in public service delivery initiator and the co-financer of projects). • 2 regional public library representatives (co-creation project initiator, co-designer, co-producer of new public space). • 2 local self-government representatives (co-creation project initiator, co-designer, co-producer of new public space). • 1 representative of local citizen group in a municipality (cocreation project initiator, co-designer, co-producer of new public space). • 1 citizen voluntary association representative in a municipality (co-creation project initiator, co-designer, co-producer of new public space). • 3 citizens as the public service co-producer of new public space.
Findings II
1. Quantity of output Between 2005 and 2011, 33 public spaces were redesigned. 2. Quality of output The quality of public spaces increased (citizens as the co-designers are more satisfied with the service than before the co-created initiative). 3. Formal effectiveness Absent public facilities were provided and citizen needs were better addressed. 4. Efficiency Public facilities were provided in the least expensive way in term of public finances. Between 2005 and 2011, more than 174 thousand EUR was assigned through the Ekopolis Foundation; much more was given in terms of volunteer work, which is hard to measure and express in financial value; other donations came from the private sector, both financial and non-financial (i.e. material, know-how, etc.). 5. Customer By involving the citizens as co-designers, their needs were taken into satisfaction consideration. As volunteers, the citizens played a vital role in the co-creation process, which led to greater satisfaction with the provided public facilities. 6. Accountability A co-created initiative clarified who is accountable for what part of the service.
7. Equity 8. Responsiveness 9. Fairness 10. Trust 11. Public Participation
Co-creation led to a more equal distribution of public services.
Public spaces are better able to meet citizen needs and criteria. Co-creation led to a more fair distribution of public services. Trust in the public services increased.
Public participation was increased.
Findings II
Findings II
Findings II
Findings II
Why local government is not interested in co-creation? 0 the role of local self-government in co-creation in Slovakia
is rather limited; service delivery innovations are predominantly initiated by third-party organizations or citizens themselves 0 values and principles of local politicians and the type of governance and the governance traditions negatively influence the innovation process, short-term measures have very limited chances of changing the limited will of municipalities to develop and support co-creation” 0 co-creation is not perceived as an innovation or progress but as a burden
Recommendations and conclusion 0 possible solution seems to be in long term changes
based on changes in the roles of participating actors: 0 citizen should change from passive consumers of public
services to active subject of local and national democracy 0 politicians and bureaucrats need to change from “rulers” to real policy makers and service delivery institutions
Thank you for your attention prof. Ing. Beáta Mikušová Meričková, PhD.
[email protected] prof. Ing. Juraj Nemec, CSc. -
[email protected] Ing. Mária Svidroňová, PhD. -
[email protected]
