Cerámica, Paisaje y Cambio Social: análisis petrográficos de ollas en la Vega de Granada Altomedieval


 
 

  





  


 


 
    ! "  #
$

 
   %&'()&*(*%** +,-.

'LUHFFLyQ



 
 3URIHVRUGH$UTXHRORJtD0HGLHYDOGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH*UDQDGD



(VWDSXEOLFDFLyQKDVLGRVXEYHQFLRQDGDSRUOD&RQVHMHUtDGH,QQRYDFLyQ&LHQLFD\ (PSUHVDGHOD-XQWDGH$QGDOXFtDGHQWURGHO3UR\HFWRGH([FHOHQFLD©(ODQiOLVLVGH ORVSDLVDMHVKLVWyULFRVGHDO$QGDOXVDODVRFLHGDGFDVWHOODQDª>3+80@FRQ ODFRODERUDFLyQGHO*UXSRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ©7RSRQLPLD+LVWRULD\$UTXHRORJtDGHO 5HLQRGH*UDQDGDª

7tWXOR(OSDLVDMH\HODQiOLVLVGHOWHUULWRULR5HIOH[LRQHVVREUHHOVXUGH$O$QGDOXV &RRUGLQDFLyQ0LJXHO-LPpQH]3XHUWDV

(GLFLyQ1RYLHPEUH FF 8QLYHUVLGDGGH*UDQDGD5HVHUYDGRVDOJXQRVGHUHFKRV FF 9HVVDQWV5HVHUYDGRVDOJXQRVGHUHFKRV

(GLWD9HVVDQWVDUTXHRORJLDLFXOWXUD6/ &)%DUFHOyL&RPELVSUDO% 3DOPD²(VSDxD (PDLOYHVVDQWV#JPDLOFRP

,6%1

(VWDREUDHVWiEDMRXQDOLFHQFLDGH5HFRQRFLPLHQWR1RFRPHUFLDO6LQREUDVGHULYDGDV(VSDxD GH  &UHDWLYH  &RPPRQV  3DUD  YHU  XQD  FRSLD  GH  HVWD  OLFHQFLD  YLVLWH KWWSFUHDWLYHFRPPRQVRUJOLFHQVHVE\QFQGHV RHQYtHXQDFDUWDD&UHDWLYH&RPPRQV 6HFRQG6WUHHW6XLWH6DQ)UDQFLVFR&DOLIRUQLD86$

$ 
3UyORJR 


 



=RQDVK~PHGDV\DJURVLVWHPDVHQDO$QGDOXV 

 




(OFRQFHSWRGHFDSDFLGDGGHFDUJD\HOHVSDFLRUXUDODQGDOXVt 

 $




(QWUHODJHVWLyQFRPXQLWDULD\ODSULYDGD/DGLVWULEXFLyQVRFLDOGHODJXDHQODV DOTXHUtDVGHOD9HJDGH*UDQDGDpSRFDVQD]DUt\PRULVFD  


 



7UDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODSUiFWLFDDJUtFRODQD]DUtGHVSXpVGHODFRQTXLVWDFDVWHOODQD HQHOFRQWH[WRGHO9DOOHGH/HFULQ  $




&HUiPLFDSDLVDMH\FDPELRVRFLDODQiOLVLVSHWURJUiILFRVGHROODVHQOD9HJDGH *UDQDGDDOWRPHGLHYDO   
 

 



3ULPHUDV  UHIOH[LRQHV  VREUH  SREODPLHQWR  \  SDLVDMH  GHO  4XHPSH  DQGDOXVt  GH *UDQDGD  0



(O  &DVWLOOHMR  GH  1tYDU  8Q  DVHQWDPLHQWR  DOWRPHGLHYDO  HQ  OD  9HJD  GH *UDQDGD 


 !
$01
 

 




(O  FDVWLOOR  GH  %DFDUHV  $OPHUtD   1XHYDV  DSRUWDFLRQHV  SDUD  HO  HVWXGLR  GHO SREODPLHQWRPHGLHYDOHQOD6LHUUDGHORV)LODEUHV  

$



#%2˜-)#! ×0!)3!*%×9×#!-")/×3/#)!,×!.˜,)3)3× #%2˜-)#! ×0!)3!*%×9×#!-")/×3/#)!,×!.˜,)3)3× 0%42/'2˜&)#/3×$%×/,,!3×%.×,!×6%'!×$%×'2!.!$!× 0%42/'2˜&)#/3×$%×/,,!3×%.×,!×6%'!×$%×'2!.!$!× !,4/-%$)%6!, */3 ×#2)34/"!,×#!26!*!,×,ª0%:× 0%4%2×-×$!9×



  'HSDUWPHQW  RI  $UFKDHRORJ\  7KH  8QLYHUVLW\  RI  6KHIILHOG  &XUUHQW  DGGUHVV  8&/  4DWDU  4DWDU )RXQGDWLRQ  32  %R[    *HRUJHWRZQ  %XLOGLQJ  (GXFDWLRQ  &LW\  'RKD  &DWDU   (PDLO MRVHFORSH]#XFODFXN   'HSDUWPHQWRI $UFKDHRORJ\7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI 6KHIILHOG12UWKJDWH+RXVH:HVW6WUHHW6(7 6KHIILHOG5HLQR8QLGR 

*/3 ×#2)34/"!,×#!26!*!,×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

(QHVWHDUWtFXORQRVSURSRQHPRVSURSRUFLRQDUXQQXHYRFRQMXQWRGHGDWRVDO GHEDWH  VREUH  OD  HYROXFLyQ  GHO  SDLVDMH  KLVWyULFR  GH  OD  9HJD  GH  *UDQDGD  \ FRQFUHWDPHQWH  HQ  pSRFD  DOWRPHGLHYDO  &RQ  OD  SUHVHQWDFLyQ  GH  ORV  DQiOLVLV SHWURJUiILFRV  VREUH  FHUiPLFD  GH  FRFLQD  GH  HQWUH  ORV  VLJORV  9,  \  ;,,  TXH  VH  KD UHDOL]DGRHQOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH6KHIILHOGHQHOPDUFRGHOSUR\HFWR©$UFKDHRORJLFDO 5HVHDUFK  RQ  $QGDOXVL  SRWWHU\  WK WR  WK FHQWXULHV  &(ª
$5$1327  HV  SRVLEOH RIUHFHUXQDVHULHGHUHIOH[LRQHVTXHVRQUHOHYDQWHVSDUDODFRPSUHQVLyQGHOFDPELR VRFLDOTXHVHSURGXMRHQORVVLJORVLQPHGLDWDPHQWHSRVWHULRUHVDODFRQTXLVWDLVOiPLFD \GHVXFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHUHIOHMRHQHOSDLVDMH3DUDHOORVLQHPEDUJRHVQHFHVDULR H[SRQHUGHODIRUPDPiVEUHYHSRVLEOHODVGLIHUHQWHVOtQHDVGHWUDEDMRTXHVHKDQ VHJXLGRSDUDOOHJDUDHVWDFRQFOXVLyQ (OSDLVDMHDOWRPHGLHYDOGHOD9HJDGH*UDQDGD(VWXGLRVGHSREODPLHQWR\GH UHJDGtR /RVSULPHURVLQWHQWRVGHDQiOLVLVGHOSDLVDMHDOWRPHGLHYDOGHOD9HJDGH*UDQDGD SRGUtDQFRQVLGHUDUVHORVHVWXGLRVGHSREODPLHQWR\ORVGHDQiOLVLVGHORVVLVWHPDVGH UHJDGtRTXHHQVtPLVPRVYHQtDQGHGRVOtQHDVGHHVWXGLRGLVWLQWDVODGHOUHIOHMRHQHO HVSDFLRGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQVRFLDO \ODGHOD$UTXHRORJtD+LGUiXOLFDTXHDQDOL]DORV SDLVDMHVFUHDGRVSRUORVSURFHVRVGHWUDEDMRFDPSHVLQRVUHODWLYRVDODHFRQRPtDGH UHJDGtR $PEDVOtQHDVGHHVWXGLRFRQIOX\HURQGHPDQHUDPX\SURGXFWLYDHQORV HVWXGLRV  VREUH  DO$QGDOXV  LQVSLUDQGR  XQD  VHULH  GH  WUDEDMRV  TXH  FRPELQDEDQ GLIHUHQWHV  FODVHV  GH  HYLGHQFLD  DUTXHROyJLFD  \  TXH  VHQWDURQ  ODV  EDVHV  GH  QXHVWUR FRQRFLPLHQWRGHODVRFLHGDGLVOiPLFDHQODSHQtQVXODLEpULFD$VtORVHVWXGLRVGH   (Q  HVWD  OtQHD  GH  LQYHVWLJDFLyQ  VH  LQFOX\HQ  QXPHURVRV  WUDEDMRV  VREUH  SREODPLHQWR  FRPR  SRU HMHPSORORVGH*yPH]%HFHUUD R&DVWLOOR$UPHQWHURV   +D\QXPHURVDVREUDVTXHSXHGHQFLWDUVHFRPRHMHPSORGHHVWDOtQHDGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQLQDJXUDGDSRU 0LTXHO%DUFHOy\VXHTXLSRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH%DUFHORQD&LWDUHPRVFRPR LPSUHVFLQGLEOHVHOOLEURHGLWDGRSRU%DUFHOy.LUFKQHU\1DYDUUR \HOUHFLHQWHDUWtFXORGH.LUFKQHU  9pDVHRWURWUDEDMRUHFLHQWHGH0DUWtQ&LYDQWRV 

×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××#%2˜-)#! ×0!)3!*%×9×#!-")/×3/#)!,

SREODPLHQWR  VH  EHQHILFLDURQ  GH  OD  SRVLELOLGDG  GH  GDWDFLyQ  TXH  ODV  FHUiPLFDV DUTXHROyJLFDVRIUHFtDQHLQFOXVRVHSHUPLWLHURQODFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQPLFURHVSDFLDOGH ORVDVHQWDPLHQWRVJUDFLDVDODGLVWULEXFLyQGHYDVLMDVFRQGLIHUHQWHVIXQFLRQHV/RV DQiOLVLVGHVLVWHPDVGHUHJDGtRSRUVXSDUWHDEULHURQODVSXHUWDVDODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGH ODUHODFLyQGLDOpFWLFDHQWUHODVRFLHGDG\HOPHGLRItVLFRDSDUWLUGHODVHVWUDWHJLDVGH H[SORWDFLyQ  GHO  DJXD  \  GH  OD  WLHUUD  TXH  HQ  OD  VRFLHGDG  DQGDOXVt  WHQtDQ  XQD SDUWLFXODULGDGTXHVHKDFRQVHUYDGRLQVFULWDHQHOSDLVDMHSHQLQVXODU6LELHQHVFLHUWR TXHOD$UTXHRORJtDGHO3DLVDMHHVXQFDPSRFRQXQDPD\RUYDULHGDGGHOtQHDVGH HVWXGLR  TXH  ODV  GRV  VHxDODGDV  DTXt  OR  FLHUWR  HV  TXH  KDQ  VLGR  pVWDV  ODV  TXH  KDQ PDUFDGRODVSDXWDVGHODDUTXHRORJtDPHGLHYDOHVSDxROD\ORVLJXHQKDFLHQGRHQHO FDPSRGHODDUTXHRORJtDDQGDOXVt (QOD  9HJD GH *UDQDGD OD FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GH WUDEDMRV GHHVWDV GRV OtQHDV GH HVWXGLR  KD  OOHYDGR  D  XQD  DFXPXODFLyQ  GH  GDWRV  VREUH  OD  VRFLHGDG  \  HO  SDLVDMH DOWRPHGLHYDOTXHVLUYHQSDUDVHxDODUHVWDiUHDFRPRXQDGHDTXpOODVHQODVTXHHO FRQRFLPLHQWRVREUHGLFKDVPDWHULDVHVWiPiVDYDQ]DGRHQODSHQtQVXODLEpULFD(QOD 9HJDORVVLVWHPDVGHUHJDGtRKDQVLGRGXUDQWHVLJORVODEDVHGHODYLGDHFRQyPLFDSRU ORTXHHOFRQRFLPLHQWRDUTXHROyJLFRGHORVPLVPRVVXSRQtDXQGHVDItRFRQVLGHUDEOH )*8ä1*=

(VWDIiEULFDHVPX\FDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHO\DFLPLHQWRGH,OEĩUDHQODV)DVHV,,\,,, (QFDMDELHQHQHOHQWRUQRJHROyJLFRGRQGHODFLXGDGVHVLW~D\DTXHFHUFDVHHQFXHQWUD XQDGHODVSRFDVYHQWDQDVDOIRQGRFDOFiUHRGHO6XEEpWLFR0HGLRGHOD9HJD\DOVXEVWUDWR WULiVLFRLQIHULRUTXHVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUODDEXQGDQFLDGHDUFLOODVPDUJDV\UDGLRODULWDV\

×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××%.42%×,!×'%34)ª.×#/-5.)4!2)!×9×,!×02)6!$!

DOJXQRVFRQJORPHUDGRV(OWUDVIRQGRJHROyJLFRGHODIiEULFDFRQWUDVWDDGHPiVFRQHOGH ODPD\RUtDGHORVOXJDUHVGHOHQWRUQRPiVLQPHGLDWRTXHHVWiGRPLQDGRSRUODVURFDV PHWDPyUILFDVULFDVHQPLFDTXHSURYLHQHQGHODHURVLyQGH6LHUUD1HYDGD\GHOD6LHUUDGH $UDQD$GHPiVGHHQ,OEĩUDOD)iEULFD5:VHGRFXPHQWDHQWRGRVORV\DFLPLHQWRVTXH WLHQHQRFXSDFLyQHQOD)DVH,,HVGHFLU*UDQDGD&HUURGHOD0RUD&HUURGHO0ROLQRGHO 7HUFLR\0DQ]DQLO 'DGDODLPSRUWDQFLDGH,OEĩUDHQOD)DVH,,,\ODHVWUHFKDUHODFLyQGH HVWDIiEULFDFRQHO\DFLPLHQWRQRVHUtDH[WUDxRGRFXPHQWDUODHQRWURV\DFLPLHQWRVGHOD )DVH,,,HQHOIXWXUR1RKD\TXHROYLGDUTXH,OEĩUDHVHO~QLFR\DFLPLHQWRTXHWHQHPRV PXHVWUHDGRHQGLFKDIDVH\TXHGHVJUDFLDGDPHQWHQRKHPRVSRGLGRFRQVHJXLUPXHVWUDV GH*UDQDGDFRQODPLVPDFURQRORJtD )iEULFD5:FDOL]DPLFUtWLFD\DUJLOLWDILJ &RQXQDGLVWULEXFLyQELPRGDOGHODV LQFOXVLRQHVHVWH JUXSRVHFDUDFWHUL]D SRU XQDIUDFFLyQ JUXHVD FRPSXHVWD FDVLHQ H[FOXVLYDGHFDOL]DPLFUtWLFD\GHDUJLOLWD6DOYRUDUDVH[FHSFLRQHVHOFXDU]R\ODPLFD VH  HQFXHQWUDQ  VyOR  HQ  OD  IUDFFLyQ  ILQD  GRQGH  VRQ  GRPLQDQWHV  +D\  DOJXQDV LQFOXVLRQHVGHVtOH[HQODPD\RUtDGHODVPXHVWUDV\HVGHKHFKRGRPLQDQWHHQOD PXHVWUD/DPXHVWUDWLHQHDUJLOLWDVPiVJUDQGHV\GHIRUPDPiVDQJXODU\ PHQRVFDOL]DV(QGLFKDPXHVWUDODPDVDGHIRQGRWLHQHXQFRORUURMRLQWHQVRHQORV PiUJHQHV\XQiUHDFHQWUDORVFXUDHQODTXHDEXQGDQODVDUJLOLWDV

.,°  ¶°  x'7.(&  ´¼  (&1.?& 2.(7ä9.(&  >  &7,.1.9&  ª3ä(41*8  (7:?&)48«°   48 ,7&348)*(&1(.9&2.(7ä9.(&ª'7.11&39*8«8*&19*73&3*3+7*(:*3(.&(431&8 &7,.1.9&8ª)*(414748(:74®'&89&39*&3,:1&7*8« 

/XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHE 6DQ]GH*DOGHDQR 

*/3 ×#2)34/"!,×#!26!*!,×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

/D)iEULFD5:VyORVHGRFXPHQWDHQ,OEĩUDHQOD)DVH,,6HSDUHFHDOD)iEULFD 5: HQ HOEDMR  FRQWHQLGR  HQ PLFD SHUR HV  FODUDPHQWH GLVWLQWD HQ  WpUPLQRV GHO FRQWHQLGRHQFXDU]R\VtOH[ (OH[DPHQDWHQWRGHORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHHVWDIiEULFD VXJLHUHTXHHVWiUHODFLRQDGDFRQOD5:\TXHHOHOHPHQWRFODYHGHVXGLVWLQFLyQ SRGUtDVHGXQDUHFRJLGDGHPDWHULDVSULPDVHQGLVWLQWRVOXJDUHVGHOPLVPRGHSyVLWR JHROyJLFRRXQDUHFHWDGLVWLQWDGHPH]FODGHDUFLOODV )iEULFD5:HVTXLVWR ILJ  (VWDIiEULFDWLHQHXQFRPSRQHQWHLPSRUWDQWHGH FXDU]RPHWDPyUILFRFRQH[WLQFLyQRQGXODQWH\GHURFDVPLFiFHDVGHPHWDPRUILVPR GHJUDGREDMRORTXHLQFOX\HGLVWLQWRVWLSRVGHHVTXLVWRFXDUFLWD\PLFDVGLVFUHWDV VREUHWRGRPLFDVEODQFDVFORULWD\PRVFRYLWD (OWLSRGHHVTXLVWRPiVDEXQGDQWHHV ULFRHQPRVFRYLWDSHURWDPELpQVRQIUHFXHQWHVORVHVTXLVWRVFRQPLFDEODQFDRFRQ ELRWLWDVLOLPDQLWDTXHDSDUHFHQUDUDPHQWHFRQDJUHJDFLRQHVGHPDWHULDOEULOODQWH6H DSUHFLDQWDPELpQJUDQDWHVFRQFULVWDOL]DFLRQHVPiVRPHQRVSHUIHFWDV\DVHDFRPR SDUWH  GH  ORV  HVTXLVWRV  \  ODV  FXDUFLWDV  \D  VHD  FRPR  JUDQRV  LQGHSHQGLHQWHV  /RV HVTXLVWRV\ODVFXDUFLWDVDPHQXGRFRQWLHQHQSHTXHxRVFXHUSRVRSDFRVJUDILWRX y[LGRVGHKLHUUR \RWURVPLQHUDOHVFRPRWXUPDOLQD]RLVLWDRWLWDQLWD /DILOLWDHV UHODWLYDPHQWHFRP~Q(43&3+ä'41ª& 1&)*7*(-&®84'7*>'&/4*1,7&3&9*«° 394734-&>,7&348)*(:&7?42434 >541.(7.89&1.348>+7&,2*3948).8(7*948)*2.(&

×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××#%2˜-)#! ×0!)3!*%×9×#!-")/×3/#)!,

+D\TXHPHQFLRQDUTXHDOJXQDVPXHVWUDVGHHVWDIiEULFDSURYHQLHQWHVGHODV IDVHVPiVUHFLHQWHVGH*UDQDGD\GH(O&DVWLOOHMRHVWiQYLGULDGDVHQPHODGR&LQFR PXHVWUDVHQSDUWLFXODU161616\16GH*UDQDGD\16GH(O &DVWLOOHMR WLHQHQXQWDPDxRGHLQFOXVLRQHVVHQVLEOHPHQWHPiVILQRSRUORTXHHV SRVLEOHDJUXSDUODVHQXQD -& '
01*+
 
- $XQTXHHVWDVXEIiEULFDQRRIUHFH QLQJ~QLQWHUpVHQFXDQWRDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQHQQXHVWURWUDEDMRPHUHFHODSHQDWHQHUOD HQ  FXHQWD  SDUD  FXDQGR  HO  FRQRFLPLHQWR  TXH  WHQHPRV  GH  IiEULFDV  GH  OD  9HJD  VH H[SDQGD /D)iEULFD5:HVODPiVDEXQGDQWHHQ*UDQDGDFRQPXFKRHQODV)DVHV,\ ,9  \  VH  GRFXPHQWD  WDPELpQ  HQ  OD  )DVH  ,,  /DV  URFDV  PHWDPyUILFDV  TXH  OD FDUDFWHUL]DQVRQPX\DEXQGDQWHVHQWRGDOD9HJDGH*UDQDGDSHURODFRPELQDFLyQ GHGLVWLQWRVWLSRVGHHVTXLVWRVFRQPLQHUDOHVGHWUtWLFRVGHPHWDPRUILVPRGHJUDGR EDMRDPHGLR\FRQFDOL]DV\VtOH[DSXQWDDOiUHDGRQGH*UDQDGDVHORFDOL]DeVWD HVWiGRPLQDGDSRUODFRQJORPHUiWLFD)RUPDFLyQ$OKDPEUDTXHVHFUHyDSDUWLUGH OD  HURVLyQ  \  DFXPXODFLyQ  GH  VHGLPHQWRV  GH  6LHUUD  1HYDGD  XQ  PDFL]R SULQFLSDOPHQWH  PHWDPyUILFR  FRQ  DOJXQRV  HVWUDWRV  FDOFiUHRV  /D  )RUPDFLyQ $OKDPEUD  GDWD  GHO  SHUtRGR  3OLR3OHLVWRFHQR  \  HV  OD  PiV  UHFLHQWH  GH  WUHV IRUPDFLRQHVVLPLODUHVFRQXQPLVPRRULJHQ(VWDIRUPDFLyQFRQWLHQHVHGLPHQWRV QRVyORGH6LHUUD1HYDGDVLQRWDPELpQGHODVRWUDVGRVIRUPDFLRQHV3LQRV*HQLO\ -XQTXHGDWDQGHO0LRFHQR $GHPiVGHHQ*UDQDGDHVWDIiEULFDVHKDGRFXPHQWDGRHQODV)DVHV,,\,,,GH ,OEĩUD\HQWRGRVORVGHPiV\DFLPLHQWRVGHOD)DVH,,&HUURGHOD0RUD0ROLQRGHO 7HUFLR\0DQ]DQLO(QOD)DVH,9OD)iEULFD5:DSDUHFHDGHPiVFRPRPD\RULWDULD HQ(O&DVWLOOHMRGH1tYDU & '
()#+
 
-' 
'
  2
' 2
   2
'3 
,
.
ILJ  
/RV  SULQFLSDOHV  FRPSRQHQWHV  GH  HVWD  IiEULFD  VRQ  XQ  DEDQLFR  GH  HVTXLVWRV FRPSXHVWRVGHFXDU]RFRQH[WLQFLyQRQGXODQWH\XQRVPLQHUDOHVGLVWLQWLYRVFRQ EDMDELUUHIULQJHQFLD\FX\RVFRORUHVYDQGHVGHVLQFRORUDOPDUUyQSiOLGR\FRQXQ SRFRGHSOHRFURtVPRDXQTXHYDULDGRVHQORVFDPSRVGHOUHOLHYHGHOKiELWR\GHOD H[WLQFLyQ (Q  OD  IiEULFD  KD\  IUHFXHQWHV  HVTXLVWRV  FRQ  ELRWLWD  D  YHFHV  DOWHUDGD  D FORULWD2WURVFRPSRQHQWHVGHORVHVTXLVWRVLQFOX\HQVLOLPDQLWDFRQKiELWRWDEXODU RPiVUDUDPHQWHFRPRILEUROLWD PRVFRYLWDFORULWD\GHIRUPDPiVH[FHSFLRQDO WLWDQLWD\HVWDXUROLWD+D\IUHFXHQFLDGHJUDQDWHVWDQWRFRPRSDUWHGHORVHVTXLVWRV FRPRHQDJUHJDGRVGLVFUHWRV6HGRFXPHQWDQDXQTXHQRVRQDEXQGDQWHVDOJXQDV FDOL]DVPLFUtWLFDV\UDUDPHQWHOLPROLWDVTXHGHULYDQDILOLWDVKRUQEOHQGDHSLGRWD\ SLUR[HQR 

/XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHE 6DQ]*DOGHDQR 

*/3 ×#2)34/"!,×#!26!*!,×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

.,°¸°x'7.(&¶¼ *86:.8948+7*(:*39*8(43'.49.9&®(147.9&®8.1.2&3.9&® 248(4;.9&  > ,7&3&9* ª3ä(41*8  (7:?&)48«°  3  *1  (*3974  )*  1&  .2&,*3  8* *3(:*397&3)48,7&348)**86:.8948(43'.49.9&°482.3*7&1*8(43'&/& '.77*+7.3,*3(.&74)*&3&*8948,7&348&,7:5&)48*349748*86:.89484)* +472&.3)*5*3).*39*

(VWDHVOD~QLFDIiEULFDTXHVHGRFXPHQWDHQOD)DVH,HQHO&HUURGHOD6RODQD GHOD9HUGHMD/DVPDWHULDVSULPDVSXHGHQYHQLUGHORVGHSyVLWRVGHDUFLOODVURMDV\ FRQJORPHUDGRVTXHVHHQFXHQWUDQDOUHGHGRUGHO\DFLPLHQWR\DTXHVRQUHVXOWDGR VREUHWRGRGHODHURVLyQGHPDWHULDOHVGHODV6LHUUDVGH7HMHGD\$OPLMDUD\GHVX SRVWHULRUGHSRVLFLyQHQODFXHQFDGH*UDQDGDTXHIXHXQVRPHURPDULQWHULRUDQWHV GHTXHORVPRYLPLHQWRVWHFWyQLFRVORHOHYDUDQHQHO&XDWHUQDULR/DV6LHUUDVGH 7HMHGD\$OPLMDUDVRQDEXQGDQWHVHQURFDVPHWDPyUILFDVSDUHFLGDVDODVGH6LHUUD 1HYDGDSHURFRQJUDGRVPHQRUHVGHPHWDPRUILVPR\DOWHUDFLyQ(VWDGLIHUHQFLDHV SHUFHSWLEOHHQODPLQHUDORJtDGHOD)iEULFD5:FRQUHVSHFWRD5:2WUDSRVLEOH IXHQWHGHPDWHULDVSULPDVVLQHPEDUJRVHHQFXHQWUDXQRVSRFRVNLOyPHWURVDOQRUWH GHO\DFLPLHQWRGRQGHXQDYHQWDQDJHROyJLFDVHDEUHDO)O\VFK&LUFXPEpWLFR(VWD IRUPDFLyQJHROyJLFDFRQWLHQHPDUJDV\DUFLOODVURMLYHUGHV\WLHQHDGHPiVVXUJHQFLDV GHOPLVPRVXEVWUDWRWULiVLFRTXHVHHQFXHQWUDHQ,OEĩUD6LQHPEDUJROD)iEULFD 5:VHSDUHFHPiVDOD5:TXHOD5:ROD5:ORTXHVXJLHUHTXHHORULJHQGH ODVPDWHULDVSULPDVHVWiHQORVGHSyVLWRVGHDOUHGHGRUGHOD9HUGHMDPiVTXHHQORV GHOQRUWH 

/XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHD  /KpQDII    /XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHD 6DQ]*DOGHDQR   /XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHD  

×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××%.42%×,!×'%34)ª.×#/-5.)4!2)!×9×,!×02)6!$!

(VWDIiEULFDVHKDGRFXPHQWDGRWDPELpQHQ0DQ]DQLOHQOD)DVH,,HQODTXHHO VLWLRGHO&HUURGHOD9HUGHMDHVWDEDDEDQGRQDGRFRPRDVHQWDPLHQWR3RUORWDQWROD SURYHQLHQFLDGHODVPXHVWUDVGHHVWDIiEULFDHQ0DQ]DQLOQRHVWiQFODUDV2ELHQ GLVWLQWRVFHQWURVGHSURGXFFLyQFRPSDUWtDQODPLVPDFDQWHUDSDUDODDUFLOODRELHQXQ PLVPRFHQWURGHSURGXFFLyQVXPLQLVWUDEDROODVDORVGRV\DFLPLHQWRV\VREUHYLYLyD ODGHVDSDULFLyQGHODVHQWDPLHQWRGHO&HUURGHOD9HUGHMD )iEULFD  5:  ILOLWD  \  HVTXLVWR ILJV    \    (VWD  IiEULFD  VH  FDUDFWHUL]D  SRU  OD SUHVHQFLDVLJQLILFDWLYDGHIUDJPHQWRVDQJXODUHV\VXEDQJXODUHVGHILOLWD\GHHVTXLVWR FRQELRWLWD\FORULWD/DSUHVHQFLDGHFXDUFLWDDUHQLVFD\OLPROLWDVHVIUHFXHQWHHQOD IUDFFLyQJUXHVD7DPELpQVRQYLVLEOHVDUJLOLWDVJUDQDWHV\FDOL]DVPLFUtWLFDV(QODV PXHVWUDV  VH  REVHUYD  XQD  JUDGDFLyQ  GH  PHWDOLPROLWD  D  ILOLWD  HQ  OD  TXH  PXFKDV PXHVWUDVGH0DQ]DQLOVHHQFXHQWUDQHQHOODGRGHODVPHWDOLPROLWDV\PXFKDVGH(O &DVWLOOHMRHQHOODGRGHODILOLWD'HVDIRUWXQDGDPHQWHQRHVSRVLEOHVHSDUDUQHWDPHQWH QLQJXQD  VXEIiEULFD  1R  REVWDQWH  OD  WHQGHQFLD  GH  ODV  PXHVWUDV  GH  ORV  GLIHUHQWHV \DFLPLHQWRV  HV  FRQVLVWHQWH  FRQ  OD  HYLGHQFLD  DUTXHROyJLFD  TXH  OOHJD  GH  HOORV  /D FHUiPLFDGH(O&DVWLOOHMR \GH0DQ]DQLOIRUPDQFRQMXQWRVGHGLIHUHQWHVIDVHVOD SULPHUDHVGHOD)DVH,\ODVHJXQGDGHOD)DVH,, \WLHQHQWLSRVPRUIROyJLFRVPX\ GLVWLQWRVOD2OOD9GRPLQDHQ(O&DVWLOOHMR\OD6HQ0DQ]DQLO 

.,°¹°x'7.(&·¼+.1.9&>*86:.894ª3ä(41*8(7:?&)48«° 3*89&+x'7.(&8* &57*(.&3 +.1.9&8  >  1.241.9&8  (43 :3&  +41.&(.h3  .3.(.&1®  14  6:* 2:*897& 8: (42.*3?4)*2*9&247+.824

*/3 ×#2)34/"!,×#!26!*!,×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

/D)iEULFD5:HVOD~QLFDTXHVHGRFXPHQWDHQ(O&DVWLOOHMRHQOD)DVH,\OD SULQFLSDOHQ0DQ]DQLOHQOD)DVH,,7DPELpQVHKDHQFRQWUDGRHQHO&HUURGHOD0RUD HQOD)DVH,,HQPXHVWUDVPX\SDUHFLGDVDODVKDOODGDVHQ0DQ]DQLO1616 16\16  (QHO&HUURGHO0ROLQRGHO7HUFLRVHGRFXPHQWDQWDPELpQGRV PXHVWUDVGHHVWDIiEULFD16\167RGRHVWRVXJLHUHTXHODVPXHVWUDVGHOD )iEULFD5:VHPDQXIDFWXUDURQHQGLIHUHQWHVOXJDUHVGHOD9HJDFRQPDWHULDVSULPDV VLPLODUHV\FRQUHFHWDVWpFQLFDVSDUHFLGDV/DVLPLODULGDGGHODVPDWHULDVSULPDVHV SRVLEOHGHELGRDOGHSyVLWRSOLRSOHLVWRFpQLFRGHDUFLOODVURMDV\PDUJDVTXHFXEUHXQD JUDQSDUWHGHOD9HJDGH*UDQDGD/DYDULDFLyQLQWHUQDGHXQGHSyVLWRVLQHPEDUJR GHEHVHUWHQLGDHQFXHQWD2WURVGHSyVLWRVJHROyJLFRVDG\DFHQWHVDORV\DFLPLHQWRV SXHGHQKDEHUWHQLGRXQLPSDFWRVLJQLILFDWLYRHQODFRPSRVLFLyQGHODVDUFLOODVORFDOHV

.,°º°x'7.(&·¼+.1.9&>*86:.894ª3ä(41*8(7:?&)48«°974*/*2514)**89& ;&7.&)&+x'7.(&2:*897&+.1.9&8&1&.?6:.*7)&)*1&.2&,*3®2.*397&86:**31& *86:.3&.3+*7.47)*7*(-&>*31&5&79*(*397&18:5*7.47&5&7*(*3*86:.8948> (:&7(.9&8° 31&*86:.3&8:5*7.47)*7*(-&-&>+7&,2*3948)*5.74=*34)*97ä9.(4

3RU  HMHPSOR  0DQ]DQLO  HVWi  URGHDGR  GH  PXFKRV  GHSyVLWRV  PLRFpQLFRV  GH PDUJDVOXWLWDV\EUHFKDVFDOFiUHDV(O&HUURGHO0ROLQRGHO7HUFLRVHKDOODVREUH DUFLOODVURMDV\FRQJORPHUDGRVGHWLSR0RUDOHGD(O&DVWLOOHMRVHHQFXHQWUDHQXQ iUHDGRQGHORVVHGLPHQWRVGHOPDFL]RGH6LHUUD1HYDGDVRQSUHGRPLQDQWHV\HVRHQ  /XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHD /XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHE  /XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHF   /XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHF   /XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHF 

×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××%.42%×,!×'%34)ª.×#/-5.)4!2)!×9×,!×02)6!$!

SDUWLFXODULQFOX\HORVGHSyVLWRVPLRFpQLFRVGHDUFLOODV\PDUJDVGHODV)RUPDFLRQHV 3LQRV*HQLO\-XQ\XQDVXUJHQFLDGHILOLWDVTXHHVSDUWHGHO&RPSOHMR$OSXMiUULGH (O&HUURGHOD0RUDVHHQFXHQWUDHQHOFHQWURGHOD9HJDGH*UDQDGDPX\FHUFDQRDO \DFLPLHQWRGHO&HUURGHO0ROLQRGHO7HUFLR6LQHPEDUJRODVPXHVWUDVGHOD)iEULFD 5:DOOtUHFXSHUDGDVQRVHSDUHFHQDOD6XEIiEULFD5:6LKDEtDDOIDUHUDVRDOIDUHURV HQHO&HUURGHOD0RUDpVWRVXWLOL]DEDQDUFLOODVGHORVDOUHGHGRUHVGHODVHQWDPLHQWRTXH FRQWLHQH  EUHFKDV  WULiVLFDV  2WUD  SRVLELOLGDG  HV  TXH  HO &HUUR  GH  OD  0RUD  VH  YLHUD DEDVWHFLGRGHHVWDVROODVSRUHOPLVPRFHQWURGHSURGXFFLyQTXH0DQ]DQLOTXHVH HQFXHQWUDJHRJUiILFDPHQWHFHUFDQR\GHQWURGHODPLVPDIDVHDUTXHROyJLFD )iEULFD5:FXDU]RUHGRQGHDGRILJ (VWDIiEULFDFRQWLHQHDEXQGDQWHVJUDQRV GHFXDU]RPRQR\SROLFULVWDOLQRVGHWDPDxRILQRDPHGLDQR7DPELpQVRQIUHFXHQWHV OD  FXDUFLWD  VXEUHGRQGHDGD  \  RWUDV  URFDV  PHWDPyUILFDV  UHGRQGHDGDV  LQFOX\HQGR HVTXLVWRPRVFRYtWLFR\ILOLWD VLHQGRGRPLQDQWHVHQODVPXHVWUDV16\166H GRFXPHQWDQIUHFXHQWHPHQWHODFDOL]DPLFUtWLFD\FULVWDOLQDH[FHSWRHQORVFDVRVGHODV PXHVWUDVPiVFDOFiUHDV1616\16 HQODVTXHHVWDVURFDVGRPLQDQ6H GRFXPHQWDQWDPELpQDUJLOLWDVDQJXODUHV\VXEDQJXODUHVTXHDSDUHFHQIUHFXHQWHPHQWH RDOPHQRVGHPDQHUDFRP~Q

.,° »° x'7.(& ¸¼ (:&7?47*)43)*&)4 ª3ä(41*8  (7:?&)48«°  & .2&,*3*89x)42.3&)&547,7&3487*(43)*&)48)*(:&7?482434 >  541.(7.89&1.348  >  74(&8  2*9&2h7+.(&8  )*  ,7&)4  '&/4®  (424 *86:.8948® )*+472& 7*)43)*&)& 48:'7*)43)*&)&°*&57*(.&3 9&2'.q3;&7.&8(&1(.9&82.(7ä9.(&8ª,7&348'7.11&39*8«>&7,.1.9&8)* +472&8:'&3,:1&7&8:'7*)43)*&)&ª(4147*848(:748« 

/XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHE  /XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHE   /XSLDQL0RUHQR\6RULD0LQJRUDQFHF  

*/3 ×#2)34/"!,×#!26!*!,×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

(VWDIiEULFDVHKDGRFXPHQWDGRVyORHQHO&HUURGHO0ROLQRGHO7HUFLR\HQHO &HUURGHOD0RUDHQOD)DVH,,'HELGRDTXHORVGRV\DFLPLHQWRVVHHQFXHQWUDQPX\ FHUFDHOXQRGHORWURHOFHQWURGHSURGXFFLyQSRGUtDKDEHUHVWDGRHQHOHQWRUQRGH FXDOTXLHUD  GH  ORV  GRV  OXJDUHV  (O  FXDU]R  \  ODV  URFDV  PHWDPyUILFDV  UHGRQGHDGDV DSXQWDQ  D  DUHQD  FRPR  FRPSRQHQWH  FDUDFWHUtVWLFR  GH  OD  IiEULFD  OR  TXH  QR  VHUtD H[WUDxRSXHVWRTXHDPERV\DFLPLHQWRVRFXSDQDOWXUDVVREUHODVTXHGRPLQDQUtRV GRQGHH[LVWHQGHSyVLWRVDUHQRVRV/RVIUDJPHQWRVDQJXODUHVGHOLPROLWDVFRQWUDVWDQ FRQHOSHUILOVXDYHGHODVRWUDVLQFOXVLRQHVORTXHVXJLHUHTXHDOJXQRGHORVHOHPHQWRV VHKDDxDGLGRFRPRGHVJUDVDQWH )iEULFD5:FXDU]RUHGRQGHDGR\DUFLOODVPH]FODGDVILJ (VWDIiEULFDVHDVHPHMD PXFKRDOD5:VHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUJUDQRVILQRVGHFXDU]RPRQRFULVWDOLQR\FRQWLHQH JUDQRV  UHGRQGHDGRV  GH  FXDU]R  SROLFULVWDOLQR  \  HOHPHQWRV  WH[WXUDOHV  UHGRQGHDGRV KHFKRVGHFRQFHQWUDFLRQHVGHDUFLOODURMDVREUHXQIRQGREDVWDQWHFDOFiUHReVWRV DSXQWDQDODPH]FODGHDUFLOODV/DPXHVWUD16QRWLHQHHOFXDU]RSROLFULVWDOLQR VXVHOHPHQWRVWH[WXUDOHVVRQPiVILQRV\ODPDWUL]DUFLOORVDHVPHQRVFDOFiUHD

.,°  ³²°  x'7.(&  ¹¼ (:&7?4  7*)43)*&)4  >  &7(.11&  2*?(1&)& ª3ä(41*8 51&348«°&.2x,*38*-&942&)4*31:?51&3&541&7.?&)&5&7&6:*1&8 5*11&8)*&7(.11&74/&8*&3(1&7&8°&2&97.?>*17*894)*74(&88432:> 5&7*(.)&8&1&8)*1&x'7.(&¸

/DVPXHVWUDVGHHVWDIiEULFDYLHQHQWRGDVGHO&HUURGHO0ROLQRGHO7HUFLRHQOD )DVH,,H[FHSWRHQHOFDVRGHOD16TXHYLHQHGHO&HUURGHOD0RUDHQODPLVPD IDVH/D)iEULFD5:SDUHFHVHUHOUHVXOWDGRGHXQDUHFHWDGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHDUFLOODV TXHLQFOX\HODPLVPDEDVHTXHOD)iEULFD5:

×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××#%2˜-)#! ×0!)3!*%×9×#!-")/×3/#)!,

5HODFLyQHQWUHIiEULFDV\DVHQWDPLHQWRV /DGLVWULEXFLyQGHODVIiEULFDVDUULEDH[SOLFDGDVDORODUJRGHODVFXDWURIDVHV WHPSRUDOHV  GHO  PDUFR  FURQROyJLFR  SURSXHVWR  \  HQ  HVSHFLDO  GH  ODV  )DVHV  ,  \  ,, PXHVWUDQTXHHVSRVLEOHHVWDEOHFHUXQDDVRFLDFLyQHQWUHIiEULFDV\\DFLPLHQWRV/D )iEULFD 5:VHUHODFLRQD SDUWLFXODUPHQWHELHQFRQ ,OEĩUD HQ WRGDV ODV IDVHV DVt GRFXPHQWDGDVPLHQWUDVTXHOD)iEULFD5:HVODPiVDEXQGDQWHHQ*UDQDGDHQODV )DVHV,\,9\HVWiSUHVHQWHHQOD)DVH,,GHGLFKR\DFLPLHQWR/D)iEULFD5:HV FDVLH[FOXVLYDHQOD)DVH,GHO&HUURGHOD9HUGHMDFRQXQDVHVFDVtVLPDVH[FHSFLRQHV HQ  OD  )DVH  ,,  FXDQGR  VH  GRFXPHQWD  HQ  0DQ]DQLO   PLHQWUDV  TXH  OD  5:  HV  OD SULQFLSDOGHOD)DVH,GH(O&DVWLOOHMR\GHOD)DVH,,GH0DQ]DQLODGHPiVOD)iEULFD 5:VHGRFXPHQWDHQHO&HUURGHO0ROLQRGHO7HUFLR\HQHO&HUURGHOD0RUDHQOD )DVH,,\HQXQQ~PHURUHGXFLGRGHPXHVWUDVGHOD)DVH,9GH(O&DVWLOOHMR(VWRV \DFLPLHQWRVVHVLW~DQHQOXJDUHVPX\GLVWDQWHVGHQWURGHOD9HJD0DQ]DQLO\(O &DVWLOOHMRHVWiQHQORVH[WUHPRVRFFLGHQWDO\QRURULHQWDOUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHPLHQWUDV TXH  HO  &HUUR  GH  OD  0RUD  \  HO  &HUUR  GHO  0ROLQR  GHO  7HUFLR  VH  VLW~DQ DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH  HQ  HO  FHQWUR  PX\  FHUFDQRV  HO  XQR  GHO  RWUR  'DGDV  HVWDV GLVWDQFLDV OD  DVRFLDFLyQ  GH  WRGRV  HVWRV  \DFLPLHQWRV  FRQ  OD  )iEULFD  5:  SRGUtD VRUSUHQGHUQRV  <  VLQ  HPEDUJR  FRPR  VH  KD  H[SOLFDGR  DQWHULRUPHQWH  HV  OyJLFR SHQVDU  TXH  HVWDV  DVRFLDFLRQHV  SXHGHQ  H[SOLFDUVH  DWHQGLHQGR  D  OD  VLPLOLWXG  GHO HQWRUQRJHROyJLFR\GHORVSURFHVRVWHFQROyJLFRVXVDGRVHQODSUHSDUDFLyQGHODV DUFLOODV'HKHFKRXQH[DPHQDWHQWRGHODFHUiPLFDGHHVWDIiEULFDVXJLHUHTXHFRQ OD  SRVLEOH  H[FHSFLyQ  GHO  &HUUR  GH  OD  0RUD  FDGD  XQR  GH  ORV  \DFLPLHQWRV  HVWi DEDVWHFLGRSRUXQFHQWURGHSURGXFFLyQGLIHUHQWH (OUHVWRGHODVIiEULFDVWDPELpQSXHGHDVRFLDUVHDGHWHUPLQDGRV\DFLPLHQWRV QRSRUVXDEXQGDQFLDHQORVFRQMXQWRVHVWXGLDGRVVLQRSRUVXDSDULFLyQH[FOXVLYD HQHOORV$VtHQOD)DVH,,OD)iEULFD5:VHHQFXHQWUDVyORHQ,OEĩUDODV)iEULFDV 5:\5:VHHQFXHQWUDQVyORHQHO&HUURGHOD0RUD\HQHO&HUURGHO0ROLQRGHO 7HUFLRPX\FHUFDQRVHOXQRDORWURFRPR\DKHPRVGLFKR /DPLVPDOyJLFDTXH KHPRVGHVDUUROODGRPiVDUULEDSXHGHDSOLFDUVHHQHVWHFDVRDVRFLDQGRFDGDIiEULFD FRQHO\DFLPLHQWRGRQGHDSDUHFHHQH[FOXVLYDRFRQHOFRQMXQWRHQHOFDVRGHODV )iEULFDV5:\5:FRQUHVSHFWRDO&HUURGHOD0RUD\DO&HUURGHO0ROLQRGHO 7HUFLR  +D\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXHODVREVHUYDFLRQHVVREUHHOWUDVIRQGRJHROyJLFRQR SXHGHQQLGHEHQFRQVLGHUDUVHGLDJQyVWLFDVGHODSURYHQLHQFLDGHODVIiEULFDV/R TXH VtTXH PXHVWUDQHQ HVWH FDVRHV TXH HV SRVLEOH H[SOLFDU OD  YDULDFLyQ HQWUH IiEULFDVDSDUWLUGHODUHODFLyQGHFDGD\DFLPLHQWRFRQHOiUHDHQTXHVHHQFXHQWUD $Vt  ORV  UHVXOWDGRV  TXH  SUHVHQWDPRV  PXHVWUDQ  TXH  H[LVWH  XQD  FRUUHODFLyQ  HQWUH IiEULFDV\\DFLPLHQWRVTXHSXHGHVHUDSUHKHQGLGD\TXHYLVWDHQUHODFLyQFRQHO

*/3 ×#2)34/"!,×#!26!*!,×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

UHVWRGHODLQIRUPDFLyQDUTXHROyJLFDHKLVWyULFDFRQVWLWX\HXQDHYLGHQFLDILUPHGH SURYHQLHQFLD  GH  OD  FHUiPLFD  /D  LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ  TXH  SURSRQHPRV  SDUD  HVWD FRUUHODFLyQHV TXHODV IiEULFDV IXHURQPDQXIDFWXUDGDVHQWDOOHUHVFHUFDQRV DORV \DFLPLHQWRV  VLQ  H[FOXLU  TXH  SXGLHUDQ  HVWDU  GHQWUR  GH  HOORV  (VWD  LQWHUSUHWDFLyQ DVXPHTXHODVPDWHULDVSULPDVXVDGDVSDUDFDGDIiEULFDVHWRPDURQHQHOHQWRUQR LQPHGLDWRGHO\DFLPLHQWRDOTXHFDGDIiEULFDHVWiDVRFLDGDHQFRQVRQDQFLDFRQHO PRGHORSURSXHVWRSRU$UQROG (Q  OD  )DVH  ,,,  GH  QXHVWUR  HVTXHPD  HO  ~QLFR  \DFLPLHQWR  TXH  WHQHPRV GRFXPHQWDGR SDUD HVWHHVWXGLR HV,OEĩUD/DHYLGHQFLD DUTXHROyJLFD DSXQWD DTXH RWURV\DFLPLHQWRVGHOD9HJDGHODIDVHDQWHULRUHQFRQFUHWRHO&HUURGHOD0RUDHO &HUUR  GHO  0ROLQR  GHO  7HUFLR  \  0DQ]DQLO  VH  DEDQGRQDURQ  *UDQDGD  SHUPDQHFLy RFXSDGDDMX]JDUSRUODVIXHQWHVHVFULWDV\SRUHYLGHQFLDVDUTXHROyJLFDVSHURQRKD VLGRFRQWHPSODGDHQHVWHWUDEDMRSRUODIDOWDGHFRQWH[WRVFODURVSDUDPXHVWUHR(QHO FDVR  GH  (O  &DVWLOOHMR  OD  VLWXDFLyQ  QR  HVWi  FRPSOHWDPHQWH  FODUD  (O  DQiOLVLV SHWURJUiILFRPXHVWUDTXHODSURGXFFLyQGHOD)iEULFD5:HVGHFLUOD GHOWDOOHU DVRFLDGRD,OEĩUDFRQWLQXyDXQTXHORVSURGXFWRVHQHVWDIDVHVHDQWHFQROyJLFD\ PRUIROyJLFDPHQWHGLVWLQWRV ,OEĩUDIXHWHyULFDPHQWHDEDQGRQDGDHQOD)DVH,9DXQTXHVHKDGHPRVWUDGR TXHH[LVWHDOPHQRVXQDIUHFXHQWDFLyQHQHOVLWLR\TXHOD0H]TXLWD0D\RUVLJXLyHQ SLH DO PHQRVKDVWD ILQDOHV GHO VLJOR ;,*UDQDGD \(O&DVWLOOHMRSRU VXSDUWH WLHQHQRFXSDFLyQHQHVWDIDVH(ODQiOLVLVSHWURJUiILFRHVPX\FODURUHVSHFWRDHVWRV \DFLPLHQWRV(Q*UDQDGDWRGDVODVPXHVWUDVSHUWHQHFHQDOD)iEULFD5:SRUOR TXHSXHGHVXJHULUVHTXHORVWDOOHUHVGHRULJHQVRQORVDVRFLDGRVDO\DFLPLHQWR/D QRYHGDG HV TXH HQ (O &DVWLOOHMR OD )iEULFD 5: WDPELpQHV SUHGRPLQDQWHFRQ VyODPHQWHGRVH[FHSFLRQHVTXHSHUWHQHFHQDOD)iEULFD5:3RUORWDQWRTXHGD FODURTXHODSURGXFFLyQGHROODVHQ(O&DVWLOOHMR VHUHGXMRRTXL]iVVHSDUDOL]y FRPSOHWDPHQWH



$UQROG  (OOXJDUVHUHRFXSDHQHOGHDFXHUGRDO!  ,,,\QRVHUHJLVWUDXQQXHYRDEDQGRQR ,EQ  D\\ĆQ
!  
   $GHPiVODSURGXFFLyQGHODIiEULFD5: WtSLFD GH*UDQDGD VH GRFXPHQWDHQ,OEĩUDHQOD)DVH,,,FRPRKHPRVYLVWR  1RVHHQFRQWUDURQHYLGHQFLDVGHHVWDIDVHHQODLQWHUYHQFLyQDUTXHROyJLFD9pDVH&DUYDMDO/ySH] -LPpQH]3XHUWDV\0XxR]:DLVVHQ   (ODEDQGRQRGH,OEĩUDDSDUHFHDWHVWLJXDGRSRU¶$EG$OOĆK$ ,    +D\GRFXPHQWDFLyQGHHVWDIUHFXHQWDFLyQHQODH[FDYDFLyQDUTXHROyJLFD0DOSLFD&XHOOR 


  \HQODVIHFKDVSURSRUFLRQDGDVSRUORVHVTXHOHWRVHQFRQWUDGRVHQHOFHPHQWHULRHQOD,,,FDPSDxDGH H[FDYDFLyQ 9LOODIUDQFD (VQHFHVDULRWDPELpQPHQFLRQDUTXHOD0H]TXLWD0D\RUGH,OEĩUDIXH GHVWUXtGDHQHO~OWLPRFXDUWRGHOVLJOR;,VHJ~QODVIXHQWHVHVFULWDV&DWDOiQ  

×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××%.42%×,!×'%34)ª.×#/-5.)4!2)!×9×,!×02)6!$!

.,°³³°&5&,*41h,.(4)*1&*,&)* 7&3&)&®8.251.+.(&)4& 5&79.7)*1&8-4/&8³²²º®³²²»>³²´·)*1  ª94)&8+.72&)&8 547:5.&3.47*34>47.&.3,47&3(*«

*/3 ×#2)34/"!,×#!26!*!,×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

/DVUHGHVGHGLVWULEXFLyQ /DVUHODFLRQHVTXHVHKDQHVWDEOHFLGRHQWUHODVIiEULFDV\ORV\DFLPLHQWRVVLUYHQ SDUDFRPSUHQGHUORVFDPELRVGHODVUHGHVGHGLVWULEXFLyQHQOD9HJD&RPRSXHGH YHUVHHQOD7DEODHOPXHVWUHRGHORV\DFLPLHQWRVGHOD)DVH,*UDQDGD(O&DVWLOOHMR \HO&HUURGHOD9HUGHMD GHMDFODURTXHODV~QLFDVIiEULFDVGRFXPHQWDGDVHQFDGD FRQMXQWRVHSURGXMHURQHQHOWDOOHUDVRFLDGRDOPLVPRFHQWUR/DVLWXDFLyQFDPELD OLJHUDPHQWH  HQ  OD  )DVH  ,,  FRQ  UHVXOWDGRV  TXH  VRQ  WDPELpQ  LQWHUHVDQWHV  6H GRFXPHQWDQDOJXQDVIiEULFDVHQ\DFLPLHQWRVDORVTXHQRHVWiQDVRFLDGDV6LELHQVH REVHUYD  DOJ~Q  SRVLEOH  LQWHUFDPELR  HQWUH  \DFLPLHQWRV  FHUFDQRV  HQWUH  Vt  OR  PiV OODPDWLYRHVTXHODV)iEULFDV5:DVRFLDGDD,OEĩUD \5:DVRFLDGDD*UDQDGD VH HQFXHQWUDQHQWRGRVORVGHPiV\DFLPLHQWRVGRFXPHQWDGRVHQODPLVPDIDVH1RKD\ FRUUHVSRQGHQFLDHQHVWHLQWHUFDPELROD~QLFDRWUDIiEULFDTXHVHGRFXPHQWDHQ,OEĩUD TXHQRHVOD5:ROD5:HVOD5:\OD~QLFDTXHVHGRFXPHQWDHQ*UDQDGD GLIHUHQWHDOD5:HVOD5:(QRWUDVSDODEUDVHQOD)DVH,,ODVROODVSURGXFLGDVHQ HO  HQWRUQR  GH  ,OEĩUD  \  *UDQDGD  VH  HQFXHQWUDQ  HQ  WRGRV  ORV  GHPiV  \DFLPLHQWRV PLHQWUDVTXHHQODVGRVSRVLEOHVFDSLWDOHVSROtWLFDVVyORVHHQFXHQWUDQROODVGHOiUHD GHODRWUDFDSLWDO/DDVLPHWUtDFRQUHVSHFWRGHORVGHPiV\DFLPLHQWRV\ODVLPHWUtD HQWUH  HOODV  VRQ  LQGLFDWLYDV  GHO  URO  GH  HPLQHQFLD  SROtWLFD  TXH  *UDQDGD  H  ,OEĩUD FRPSDUWtDQHQHVWDIDVH /DHYLGHQFLDGHOD)DVH,,,PXHVWUDTXHKD\ROODVGH*UDQDGDHQ,OEĩUD1RKD\ PXHVWUDVGHQLQJ~QRWUR\DFLPLHQWRGRFXPHQWDGDVSDUDHVWHHVWXGLR(QORVFDVRVGHO &HUUR  GH  OD  0RUD  GHO  &HUUR  GHO  0ROLQR  GHO  7HUFLR  \  GH  0DQ]DQLO  SRUTXH  VH DEDQGRQDURQ\HQORVFDVRVGH*UDQDGD\GH(O&DVWLOOHMRSRUTXHODGRFXPHQWDFLyQ QRHVWiFODUD /RV  UHVXOWDGRV  GHO  DQiOLVLV  SHWURJUiILFR  GH  ODV  PXHVWUDV  GH  *UDQDGD  \  (O &DVWLOOHMRHQOD)DVH,9VHKDQH[SOLFDGRDQWHULRUPHQWH/DSURGXFFLyQVHPDQWLHQH VyORHQHOHQWRUQRGH*UDQDGDPLHQWUDVTXHFDVLWRGDVODVROODVHVWXGLDGDVHQ(O &DVWLOOHMRVHKLFLHURQHQ*UDQDGD/DDXVHQFLDGHPXHVWUDVGHOD)iEULFD5:HQ DPERVOXJDUHVVHFRUUHVSRQGHFRQHODEDQGRQRGH,OEĩUDTXHVHGRFXPHQWDHQODV IXHQWHVHVFULWDV*UDQDGDTXHHVHQHVWDIDVHODFDSLWDOSROtWLFDH[FOXVLYDGHOD9HJD\ GHXQDPiVH[WHQVDHQWLGDGSROtWLFDHOUHLQR]LUtGH*UDQDGD WLHQHHQVXHQWRUQRXQ WDOOHUDOIDUHURTXHQRVyORFXEUHODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHORVKDELWDQWHVGHODFLXGDGVLQR WDPELpQODVGHRWURV\DFLPLHQWRVGHORVDOUHGHGRUHV



6LQHPEDUJRYpDVHQRWD 1
(O\DFLPLHQWRQRIXHDEDQGRQDGRGHOWRGRSHURSDUHFHVHUTXH HOWDOOHUGHDOIDUHUtDVt

158

CERÁMICA, PAISAJE Y CAMBIO SOCIAL

Tabla 2: Relación entre las fábricas y los yacimientos a lo largo de las fases estudiadas Fábrica Fase

I

Yacimiento RW1

RW2

RW3

RW4

RW5

RW6

RW7

El Castillejo

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Dominante

Ausente

Ausente

Granada

Ausente

Ausente

Dominante

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Verdeja

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Dominante

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Granada

Presente

Ausente

Dominante

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Ilbīra

Dominante

Exclusiva

Presente

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Exclusiva

Exclusiva

(con M.

(con M.

Tercio)

Tercio)

Exclusiva

Exclusiva

(con

(con

C.Mora)

C. Mora)

Cerro Presente II

Ausente

Presente

Ausente

Presente

de la Mora

Cerro del Molino

Presente

Ausente

Presente

Ausente

Presente

del Tercio

III

Manzanil

Presente

Ausente

Presente

Presente

Dominante

Ausente

Ausente

Ilbīra

Dominante

Ausente

Presente

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

El Castillejo

Ausente

Ausente

Dominante

Ausente

Presente

Ausente

Ausente

Granada

Ausente

Ausente

Dominante

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

Ausente

IV

Nota: Los recuadros sombreados indican una relación distinta de ausente, es decir, presente (si la fábrica se documenta en el yacimiento en la fase considerada), exclusiva (la fábrica sólo se documenta en este yacimiento en cualquier fase) o dominante (la fábrica es la más abundante en el yacimiento en la fase considerada).



  
'E


  &#           :    9:  9                 9  +%    :                           .  =   ,@     99      -@I  '
 '  + 9.   ==   K  9  %/   ;)   ;>?>>+ 8. /:  ; 9N  )    I@=9   :9     'B  "         :              : = @      !>>> @  9<  /      : @   % +   =  =                  :   :    >9N !>>>      )  !>;  @                                :  8+     >> :  

 @@9 : 9:     +         8R 9@  .        :  +  :  9    :   9:      8=   ; )   ;,>9N) K -     : @ == /:  9/         @    %8    @    9             


-1
"   9,
EE&-  =9,&HHH&&D&5- 'B  =9,&HHH&7D&5- 'L



  
(7

+ = =        :    9     /:     .  @            ;) + =9 9      9 8  :  9    9 @:   :  9 :    9 ; 9.    9:  =9 8   8  5      9
&  


 
6  '+

$ : 


' 
' =    9 F M < /" 9 9. I +           :(:;+! @        /      ;>>  "  F         :  +   > :   9< "   F ,=3F ) -M42

+
9L'3' 
 & '2&((D &L
  6; M  Z"+T M2 #  2 +   6  )   !U$6+)  ) 6Y   ,- J  

: '"1

 1
  '' 
) ED&L  ># 6F+2+6# M   ,
EEB- @
 M

N8

8'
 
C .
$?FM<    U2,
E((-A9^ _@@ : /@+ 2 ?>C:$: 7

EBD&7L 3 F+  )+26#2  "  ,
EE7- A!         `   F+2+6  FR 4 62+6  M  R "##2GJMR3 J++MF#2 ,- -C ;>>2) % R "  6# F!#?3  ,- '2
'  

'  +
6
'6.,

' '
-
'6
,  >++6F3+6$>3>,
EEB-A39 @         9 C  6G F ,-6
'6.,
-
' 
  
4  &7&D&(7 !+62U2+T 2 ; 66# +9 ,&HHB-  ' 
'. '


'& '

'' 
6$"


3 ' 

)  ) 6Y  "#66   9,&HHH- @
'& '


- - '
 3

9
 
C@
&2
F) 


(( 

  
 


) 66># >+2T F,
EH&-@
. 

:,'"
,


:')  )ZF+T$++66   ,
EEB-9
 
 3




 )  )#+ >2#,
EEB-A    9C   6GF ,-6
'6.,
-
' 
  
4  LBD
H( )#+ >2  #  ,&HHH- AF/          C N 
-
:'6. '
!6

6,2L,7-
BLD&
L )#+ >2#,&HHB-A .   \91C  $+6)>,-O .
6
 +
'6. .
6

6 .6
,
#% (LDLE )#+ >2  # ,&H
H-  A+%              C $ 62#2R6+2)+;>G bJ+>,-6
'6.,
-
. 
'6. 1

  
-
6
FO2+T "+6  F  ,&HHL- @
."
 ' 

  

@1
J  


 
. 

 .
 3.,) -&HHL M>FO2+T"+6 F,&HHB-A=   ; ) +F ,-C  F ">  +#    6; M  Z"+TMFO2+T "+6  F  ,&H
H- A2         :     8 ;) ; FO2+T "+6  F   F +>    ,- 9
 
,

  
 . '1
9  


 


FO2+T "+6  F  6; M  Z"+T M< :9 ,&H

- A#   6!,-9
 

'Q1
:'


 
K: . 
! 31
@ $ :. 2
*/$*0
!R
/DDE'
DB' M>FO2+T "+6  F    6; M  Z"+T M<  :9  ,   - A =  +.28,;>D?>>-C & '
 3

6  
' '$' +


8
,
'

  
C 2
/DDEF G>632+63 ,&HHB-A  ! : 9:  =  8+J9C F ">  +#    6; M  Z"+TM  "  I +%:  @:FN >9N,  ) -C cVV***  VV>  &HH' , 
HVHEV&H
&-d F ">  +#    


 ,&HHB- A>        >>   I   +%:  = "^F >9N_C cVV***  VV HL c, 
HVHEV&H
&-d F 2T 2#+,&HH7- A  = C   $ +6#F +#"6++6+F ,-& '

,
 3


" 
8 '1
(  
,
'  
F'5
D''L F 6Y2 >; 2#MF8,&H

- A41           D C9,
! 3
9 2
E,5-7B'D5
H F 6Y2>; 2#M2   ! 3+6      # ]   F8  M<  ,
EBH- A   .    F       F    T    ,) -C ; '  
: . '
J & '
H&
ED7H( F## )>6 # +  :  ,
EE
- 9

 3

T9
 U
C!-"2
F)  "+ #G      ,
EB&- TM>FO2+T ,&HHB--
  


3' 
 . '
  


,'  

W9
! X2
@2
C F2
/DD>  >          :  .8M  8 )  U23+TF 6Y2+TF ,
EL'D
EL(-A>9N,)   8-  ??>K DP N,
HH7D
HB'-C 

J  

L'DB&  2T + ) + 2#,&HH
- A/: = :  ) " = C  2T+) + 2#R "+U+TF#2> M Z"+T) 66># ,-@
 '

1
9 ' 2
' '
' 32
  ' 2
.-."
,
' 
L 2
) 7DE > 6$ >+F1,&HHH- A       C:'6,25
,
-&D&H  6GF ,
EEB- A  9         C  6GF ,-6
'6.,
-
' 
  
4  
D

 ; ;O$+6F+M#M@8 ,
EB(-@
 3  
  


9M
  F ; 2 +6 ++4    ,
EL(-   

6
'6.,
-
:' 
+6",-'6. '
'6 '1
- 



 
'  
 '
6
; 6 '
 D2J1&7BD&BB


LH 

  
 


;> !6 2   +   ,&HHE-  A>        :  D
5   I &HHEC cVV***  VV
5F> , 
HVHEV&H
&-d 43>$6+  >  ,
EB(- A  /               C:'6,&BLEDBB 43>$6+  >  ,
EBE- A                   *     C F 2> >J

,- :'6,1