,661
*D\DQD%RW
&$/,'$''(/$9(*(7$&,Ï15,%(5(f$'(/5Ë20$8//Ë1 ¶6 ¶2 87,/,=$1'2(/Ë1',&(4%5 QUALITY OF THE RIPARIAN VEGETATION OF THE MAULLIN RIVER (41º 28’ S; 72º 59’ W) USING QBR INDEX /HRQDUGR)HUQiQGH]-DLPH5DX $OGR$UULDJDGD 'HSDUWDPHQWRGH&LHQFLDV%iVLFDV8QLYHUVLGDGGH/RV/DJRV&DVLOOD 2VRUQR&KLOH 3URJUDPD,%$08QLYHUVLGDGGH/RV/DJRV&DVLOOD 2VRUQR&KLOH &HQWURGH(VWXGLRVHQ%LRGLYHUVLGDG &(%&K $YHQLGD'LHJR3RUWDOHV 2VRUQR&KLOH 3URJUDPDGH'RFWRUDGRHQ6LVWHPiWLFD\%LRGLYHUVLGDG 'HSDUWDPHQWRGH=RRORJtD8QLYHUVLGDGGH&RQFHSFLyQ &RQFHSFLyQ&KLOH
[email protected] 1
5(680(1 (OUtR0DXOOtQHVXQRGHORVVLWLRVSULRULWDULRVLGHQWL¿FDGRVSRUOD&21$0$FRPRGHLQWHUpVSDUDODFRQVHUYDFLyQin situSUHVHQWDQGRHQVXFXUVRYHJHWDFLyQGHDVRFLDFLRQHVHQGpPLFDVTXHDOEHUJD\SURWHJHXQDDPSOLDGLYHUVLGDGGH RUJDQLVPRVDOJXQRVGHORVFXDOHVSUHVHQWDQSUREOHPDVGHFRQVHUYDFLyQ$SHVDUGHHVWRHVWDYHJHWDFLyQHVWiVLHQGR WDODGD\UHHPSOD]DGDSRUHVSHFLHVH[yWLFDV&RQOD¿QDOLGDGGHJHQHUDUXQGLDJQyVWLFRGHODFDOLGDGGHODYHJHWDFLyQ ULEHUHxDGHHVWHUtRVHDSOLFyHQHVWDFLRQHVHOtQGLFHHVSDxRO4%5HOFXDOVHEDVDHQHOUHJLVWURin situ de diferentes DWULEXWRV\FRPSRQHQWHVGHOiUHDULEHUHxD/RVUHVXOWDGRVLQGLFDQTXHHOGHODVHVWDFLRQHVHVWiQFRQGHJUDGDFLyQ H[WUHPD\FDOLGDGSpVLPD 4%5 HOFRQDOWHUDFLyQIXHUWH\FDOLGDGPDOD 4%5 HO PXHVWUD LQLFLRGHDOWHUDFLRQHVFRQXQDFDOLGDGGHWLSRLQWHUPHGLD 4%5 HOVHHQFXHQWUDFRQSHUWXUEDFLRQHV OLJHUDV\EXHQDFDOLGDG 4%5 3RU~OWLPRHOGHODVHVWDFLRQHVPRVWUyXQDFDOLGDGGHWLSRPX\EXHQD FRQYHJHWDFLyQULEHUHxDHQFRQGLFLRQHVSUtVWLQDV 4%5 PALABRAS CLAVE 5tR0DXOOtQtQGLFH4%5FDOLGDGYHJHWDFLyQULEHUHxD $%675$&7 0DXOOtQ5LYHULVDVLWHLGHQWL¿HGE\&21$0$DVSULRULW\IRUin situ conservation for the importance of his associations RI HQGHPLF YHJHWDWLRQ WKDW KDUERUV DQG SURWHFWV D ZLGH GLYHUVLW\ RI RUJDQLVPV VRPH RI ZKLFK KDYH FRQVHUYDWLRQ SUREOHPV'HVSLWHWKLVWKHYHJHWDWLRQLVEHLQJKDUYHVWHGDQGUHSODFHGE\H[RWLFVSHFLHV,QRUGHUWRJHQHUDWHDTXDOLW\ DVVHVVPHQW RI ULSDULDQ YHJHWDWLRQ RI WKLV ULYHU ZH DSSOLHGWKH4%5 LQGH[ LQ VWDWLRQVZKLFK LV EDVHG RQin situ UHJLVWUDWLRQRIDWWULEXWHVDQGFRPSRQHQWVRIWKHULSDULDQDUHD7KHUHVXOWVLQGLFDWHWKDWRIWKHVWDWLRQVDUHZLWK H[WUHPHGHJUDGDWLRQDQGEDGTXDOLW\ 4%5 ZLWKVWURQJDOWHUDWLRQDQGSRRUTXDOLW\ 4%5 VKRZVWDUWLQJFKDQJHVZLWKDTXDOLW\RILQWHUPHGLDWHW\SH 4%5 DUHVOLJKWO\GLVWXUEHGDQGJRRGTXDOLW\ 4%5 )LQDOO\ RI WKH VWDWLRQVVKRZHG DYHU\JRRGTXDOLW\W\SHZLWKULSDULDQYHJHWDWLRQLQSULVWLQH FRQGLWLRQ 4%5 KEYWORDS 0DXOOtQULYHU4%5LQGH[TXDOLW\RIWKHULSDULDQYHJHWDWLRQ
*D\DQD%RW
,1752'8&&,21 (Q OD DFWXDOLGDG ODV ULEHUDV GH ORV UtRV HVWiQ siendo fuertemente degradadas por la acción DQWUySLFD 0XRWND /DDVRQHQ 8QHMHPSOR GH HVWR HV OD SpUGLGD GH FXELHUWD YHJHWDO ULEHUHxD 1RVV &VXWL (VWR JHQHUD TXH OD FDOLGDG GH XQ UtR VDOXGDEOH \ GH FRQGLFLRQHV SUtVWLQDV VH GHJUDGHHQSRFRWLHPSR -HIIHULHV DIHFWDQGR VXVWDQFLDOPHQWH ODV IXQFLRQHV HFRVLVWpPLFDV \ la FDOLGDG GHO FXHUSR GH DJXD SDUWLFXODUPHQWH VL HVWDV PRGL¿FDFLRQHV LQYROXFUDQ XQ LQFUHPHQWR en la entrada de nutrientes al sistema (Bunn et al Dentro de las funciones de los sistemas ULEHUHxRVXQDGHODVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVWLHQHUHODFLyQ FRQ VX FDUiFWHU GH EXIIHU ELROyJLFR PHGLDQWH HO FXDOVHPLQLPL]DODHQWUDGDDOUtRGHFRQWDPLQDFLyQ GLIXVDSURYHQLHQWHGHWHUUHQRVDJUtFRODVDG\DFHQWHV &DURWKHUV $GHPiVPDQWLHQHQXQDHOHYDGD ELRGLYHUVLGDG \ SURGXFWLYLGDG SURSRUFLRQDQGR UHIXJLR\DOLPHQWRDXQJUDQQ~PHURGHRUJDQLVPRV .QRSI et al 3DWWHQ 3RU RWUR ODGR FRQWURODQHOUpJLPHQGHWHPSHUDWXUDV\FUHFLGDVGH ODVDJXDVGHOFDXFH 3DWWHQ Dale et al Carver et al Hattermann et al \HYLWDQ XQLQFUHPHQWRGHODHVFRUUHQWtDVXSHU¿FLDOORTXH contribuye a mantener un buen nivel de nutrientes HQHOVXHOR 3LPHQWHO .RXQDQJ /DV YDULDGDV IXQFLRQHV HFROyJLFDV TXH H[KLEH ODYHJHWDFLyQULEHUHxDUHDO]DQVXXWLOLGDGFRPRXQ H[FHOHQWH LQGLFDGRU HQ OD JHVWLyQ \ SODQL¿FDFLyQ WHUULWRULDOSHUPLWLHQGRVXLQFOXVLyQFRPRHOHPHQWR FODYH SDUD OD FDOL¿FDFLyQ GHO HVWDGR HFROyJLFR GH ORV UtRV 6XiUH] et al (Q HO SUHVHQWH VH HVWi SUHVWDQGR EDVWDQWH DWHQFLyQ D ODV FRPSOHMDV UHODFLRQHVTXHVHHVWDEOHFHQHQWUHHOÀXMRQDWXUDO GHODJXD\ODYHJHWDFLyQULEHUHxD 3HWWLWet al Shafroth et al SRU HMHPSOR OD 'LUHFWLYD 0DUFR GHO$JXD '2&( \D LQFOX\H D ODV iUHDVULEHUHxDVHQWUHORVDVSHFWRVDFRQVLGHUDUSDUD FDOL¿FDU OD FDOLGDG GHO DJXD GH ORV HFRVLVWHPDV DFXiWLFRV SRU OR TXH FRQRFHU VX HVWDGR HV XQR GH ORV SULPHURV SDVRV HQ OD FXDQWL¿FDFLyQ GH ODV desviaciones desde una condición natural (Chaves et al $ SHVDU GH OR DQWHULRU QR H[LVWHQ PXFKDV propuestas metodológicas para estimar la calidad GH ODV iUHDV ULEHUHxDV XWLOL]DQGR tQGLFHV GH IiFLO PDQHMR\GHDSOLFDFLyQVHQFLOOD 6XiUH]et al &ROZHOO \D TXH OD PD\RUtD GH ORV tQGLFHV
TXHHYDO~DQODFDOLGDGGHHVWHVLVWHPDVyORVHEDVDQ HQ ODV SURSLHGDGHV GHO DJXD ODV FRPXQLGDGHV ELROyJLFDV\VXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVJHRPyU¿FDV 5DYHQ et al 6LQ HPEDUJR 0XQQp et al D E GLVHxDURQ XQ tQGLFH TXH PLGH OD FDOLGDG GH OD YHJHWDFLyQ ULEHUHxD in situ OODPDGR ³4%5´ TXHWLHQHVXRULJHQGHODFUyQLPRFDWDOiQ³4XDOLWDW GHO %RVF GH 5LEHUD´ (VWH tQGLFH VH EDVD HQ OD recopilación de diferentes atributos y componentes GHO iUHD ULEHUHxD FRQVLGHUDQGR FXDWUR VHFFLRQHV JUDGRGHFREHUWXUDGHODFXELHUWDYHJHWDFLRQDO HVWUXFWXUD GH OD YHJHWDFLyQ FDOLGDG GH OD FXELHUWD YHJHWDFLRQDO \ JUDGR GH QDWXUDOLGDG GHO FDQDO ÀXYLDO &DGD XQD GH HVWDV VHFFLRQHV SXHGH VHU FDOL¿FDGD HQWUH \ SXQWRV YDORUHV TXHOXHJRVHUiQVXPDGRVSDUDREWHQHUHOYDORUGHO tQGLFH4%5TXHRVFLODUiHQWUH\ (OtQGLFH4%5KDVLGRDSOLFDGRHQGLVWLQWRVUtRV HVSDxROHV 0XQQpet al D E Prat et al &DUUDVFRVD 0XQQp 6XiUH] 9LGDO$EDUFD 0DUWtQH] /R]DQR6XiUH]et al 0XQQp et al SRUWXJXHVHV 0RUHLUD WXUFRV 7]Q $OED\UDN QRUWHDPHULFDQRV &ROZHOO \ DUJHQWLQRV *RQ]iOH] FRQ UHVXOWDGRV VDWLVIDFWRULRV (V QHFHVDULR GHVWDFDU TXH HQ HO FDVR GH OD H[SHULHQFLD GHVDUUROODGD SRU &DUUDVFRVD 0XQQp HOtQGLFHIXHXWLOL]DGR HQ UtRV GH DOWD PRQWDxD FRQFOX\HQGR TXH HO 4%5 QRHVDSOLFDEOHSRUHQFLPDGHORVPGHDOWLWXG \ TXH SRU VREUH ORV P GH DOWLWXG VH UHTXLHUHQ DOJXQDVPRGL¿FDFLRQHVWDOHVFRPRODFRQVLGHUDFLyQ de herbazales megafórbicos como elemento HVWUXFWXUDGRU GHO UHFXEULPLHQWR ULEHUHxR \ SXQWXDU GH PDQHUD QHJDWLYD OD DXVHQFLD GH XQ VRWRERVTXH FRQVROLGDGR'HLJXDOIRUPD6XiUH] 9LGDO$EDUFD LQFLGHQHQODQHFHVLGDGGHUHDOL]DUDMXVWHVHQ HOFDVRGHVHUDSOLFDGRHQUtRVHItPHURV /DV H[SHULHQFLDV DQWHULRUHV FRQVLGHUDQGR FXDQGRVHDHOFDVRODVOLPLWDQWHV\PRGL¿FDFLRQHV PHQFLRQDGDV VXJLHUHQ TXH HO tQGLFH 4%5 SXHGH ser una herramienta viable para estimar el grado de conservación in situGHODYHJHWDFLyQULEHUHxD /D FRQVHUYDFLyQ in situ es reconocida a nivel JOREDO\UHJLRQDOFRPRXQDGHODVPiVLPSRUWDQWHV herramientas de protección de la diversidad ELROyJLFD SXHV SHUPLWH PDQWHQHU \ UHVWDXUDU el rango completo de la diversidad biológica de OD UHJLyQ DO JHQHUDU XQD FREHUWXUD SURWHJLGD FRQHFWLYLGDGUHVWDXUDFLyQUHGXFFLyQ\PLWLJDFLyQ GHDPHQD]DV '*$
&DOLGDGYHJHWDFLyQULEHUHxDGHOUtR0DXOOtQ FERNÁNDEZ, L. ET AL.
(QHOVXUGH&KLOHXQRGHORVVLWLRVLGHQWL¿FDGRV como prioritario para la conservación de la biodiversidad in situHVHO5tR0DXOOtQ &21$0$ 3UHVHQWD HQ VX FXUVR YHJHWDFLyQ ULEHUHxD GHDVRFLDFLRQHVHQGpPLFDVGHERVTXHVSDQWDQRVRV R ³KXDOYHV´ TXH DOEHUJDQ \ SURWHJHQ XQD DPSOLD GLYHUVLGDG GH RUJDQLVPRV DOJXQRV FRQ JUDYHV SUREOHPDV GH FRQVHUYDFLyQ FRPR HO FDVR GHO KXLOOtQ Lontra provocax PXVWpOLGRTXHKDVXIULGR XQD UHGXFFLyQ HQ VX SREODFLyQ GHVGH ¿QDOHV GHO VLJOR SDVDGR GHELGR SULQFLSDOPHQWH D IDFWRUHV DQWUySLFRV OR TXH KD OOHYDGR D HVWD HVSHFLH D OD FDWHJRUtDGH³HQSHOLJURGHH[WLQFLyQ´ 6LHOIHOG &DVWLOOD (Q HVWH VHQWLGR HO REMHWLYR GH HVWH WUDEDMR HV HYDOXDUODFDOLGDGGHODYHJHWDFLyQULEHUHxDSUHVHQWH HQNPGHOUtR0DXOOtQXWLOL]DQGRHOtQGLFH4%5 y entregar una aproximación actual del estado de
FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH HVWD FXHQFD H LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH SHUPLWD FUHDU IXWXUDV OtQHDV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ HQHOUtRMXQWRFRQYHUL¿FDUODDSOLFDELOLGDGGHO tQGLFH4%5
0$7(5,$/(6
