ANALYTICAL REPORT

ANALYTICAL REPORT 8









Analytical Report
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Contents
List of figures 3
Introduction 4
Methodology 5
Literature review and facts 6
Analysis 8
Conclusion 16
References 18












List of figures
Figure 1 9
Figure 2 10
Figure 3 11
Figure 4 12

















Introduction
Airplane accidents have claimed relatively large number of accidents over years necessitating the need to find suitable course of actions to counteract further occurrence of airplane accidents. The initial stage to solving a problem is identifying the cause of the problem. Hence, the initial step of solving the problem of airplane accidents is identifying the causes of the airplanes accidents. In this analytical report, several causes of airplane accidents are reviewed. The aim of reviewing the causes of airplane accidents is to make an attempt to find a suitable course of action to correct the identified causes of airplane accidents.
To identify the major causes of airplane accidents, this analytical report utilizes various sources of information regarding the causes of airplane accidents. It makes use of both primary and secondary sources of information. Interviews with relevant authorities in the air transport sector are an example of the primary data source used in this analytical research. Books, journals and articles as well as the internet have been as the secondary sources of data in this analytical report. The analytical report also provides various recommendations that can help to reduce the incidences of airplane accidents. The recommendations are based on the identified causes of airplane accidents.
It is worth noting that an airplane accident is an accident like any other and hence the families of the victims of airplane accidents should be compensated in an incidence of airplane accidents. However, this has not been the case in the past since most families who family members have been victims of airplane accidents have not been compensated. In this analytical report, several causes of airplane accidents are analyzed to justify whether or not the families of victims of airplane accidents should be compensated. Hence, this report provides a stand on whether or not the victims of airplane accidents should be compensated. The stand is provided on basis of the analysis of the several causative agents of airplane accidents.
Methodology
Peck et al (2011) defines methodology in relation to statistical study as the technique used in the process of gathering and analyzing data in a statistical study. Several methodologies were used in the research to which this analytical report has been developed. Some of the methodologies that were utilized in the research include self completion questionnaires, structured interviews and also structured observation. The research involved both qualitative and quantative analysis. Mandel (2012) defines quantative analysis as the analysis of numeric data that is collected in the course of statistical study. In the course of the research to which this analytical report has been generated, quantative analysis was applied in the process of determining the main causative agent to airplane accidents. The research involved an empirical study whereby data related to the causative agents of the already witnessed airplane accidents was collected. The data was collected from both secondary sources and also primary sources of information.
Structured interviews were utilized in the process of identifying the common causes of airplane accidents. The respondents used in the interviews were the authorities in the bodies that have been charged with responsibility of ensuring safety in the air transport industry. The research also made use of the reports that had been generated following investigations carried out to determine the cause of accidents that have occurred in the past. The causes identified in the results were analyzed to come up with the percentage of airplane accidents that have been caused by the respective causes identified in the course of the research. According to Mandel (2012), an analysis which involves analyzing primary data that has been gathered in the course of statistical study is referred to as empirical analysis. It can be noted that the data that was collected from the reports generated following investigation of various airplane accidents that have occurred in he past did not contain analyzed data that would rank the causes of airplane accidents in terms of the cause which has caused the most accidents. Hence, the research analyzed the raw data about the causes of airplane accidents hence making it justifiable to qualify the analysis as an empirical analysis.
In other incidences the research utilized secondary analysis. Mandel (2012) defines secondary analysis as an analysis that involves analyzing data that has been gathered and analyzed. In the course of the research, journals that contain statistics of the airplane accidents that have occurred in the past and their respective causes were analyzed. The main intention of the secondary analysis was to compare the results of the empirical analysis with the results indicated by the journals to attest whether or not they both indicated the same trend in relation to the various cause of airplane accidents, and all these was in an attempt to obtain substantive evidence so as to ensure that this analytical report is generated on basis of objectivity.
Airplanes (2013) are one of the secondary sources of data that were utilized in the process of collecting data related to the research. The article provided useful data on the statistical analysis of the causes of the previously experienced airplane accidents. As such, data gathered from the article was critical in that it facilitated significantly to the achievement of one of the objectives of the statistical study which included identifying who is responsible for the airplane accidents which have been experienced over years. Fucke et al (2010) provide the leading cause of the airplane accidents which have been experienced over years. As such, the article was utilized in the research to provide further information regarding the causes of airplane accidents which have been experienced over years.
The research was also characterized by structured interviews with relevant authorities in the air transport sector who further provided relevant information regarding the occurrence of airplane accidents. Some of the people who were interviewed are aeronautics engineers. The purpose of interviewing the aeronautics engineers was to identify some of the occurrence under which an airplane crush can occur. The interview was oral and it was conducted on physical setting whereby the interviewer and the respondents were face to face. Structured questionnaires were also utilized in the course of the research. The questionnaires were used specifically to collect the public opinion on whether or not the families of the victims of airplane accidents should be compensated. Data collected from the questionnaires was then analyzed and used to develop suitable conclusion that is named later in this report. Observational learning also characterized the research. The researchers lived in an airport for a specified period of time to see whether or not airplanes were thoroughly checked before taking off for a trip. The intention of the observational learning was to demystify whether there some incidences in which airplane accidents are caused by mechanical problems.
In an attempt to gather substantive information that would be used as a basis of determining whether or not the victims of airplane accidents should be compensated, several methods of data collection and data analysis were used. The selection of each of the methods was based on the nature of the respondents and the nature of data that was to be gathered from each respective target population. The general public was one of the respondents used when gathering data related to the question of whether or not the victims of airplane accidents should be compensated. Questionnaires were the method of data collection used in this case. There were two different types of questionnaires that were utilized in this case. One set of the questionnaires was characterized by open ended questions. The closed ended questionnaires were used to gather numeric data that would be subjected to quantative analysis. For instance, the closed ended questions were used to gather data that would be used to compute the percentage of the public that held that victims of airplane accidents should be compensated and the percentage of the public that held the contrary opinion. Open ended questions, on the other hand, were used to gather data that would be used to carry out qualitative analysis. The questions were structured in such a way that the respondents would give their reasoning behind each of the opinions that they gave. The opinions were used to carry out qualitative analysis such the reasons as to why the public thinks that the victims of airplane accidents should be compensated. Also, secondary sources such as books were used to gather information that was used to justify whether or not the victims of airplane accidents should be compensated. Strict liability is one of the considerations that were made in determining the legality of compensating the victims of airplane accidents.
Literature review and facts
The journal entitled 'Applying Research Methods to Accident Investigations' by Kolly & Blanchet (2005) reviews some of the techniques that are applied in the process of investigating the causes of airplane accidents. Kolly & Blanchet (2005) provides that both traditional and modern techniques have been utilized in the process of trying to identify the causes of airplane accidents. Some of the traditional methods that have been used in the process of trying to identify the causes of different airplane accidents include observation and examination of evidence available on the airplane accident scenes. Goetz et al provide several aspects which are reviewed in an incidence of airplane accident. The aspects are reviewed in an attempt to obtain substantive evidence that can be used to provide an objective report on the cause of an airplane accident occurred. Some of the aspects which are reviewed in such an incidence as provided by Goetz et al include the operations. Operations in this case refer to the previous performance of the aero plane which has been involved in the airplane accidents. It also involves reviewing the history of the crew which was with the specific aero plane as it is necessary in determining the possibility that the accident has been caused by error by the crew.
Airplane accident investigation also involves reviewing the critical parts of the aircraft which has been involved in the airplane accident to determine whether or not the accident was caused by mechanical technicalities. Some of the parts which are reviewed include the engine. Mechanical engineers review the engine of the aircraft involved in an accident to determine whether or not there is a possibility that the accident was caused by malfunctioning or even failure by the engine of the aircraft. It is worth noting that the propellers can also result to an accident of an aircraft. As such, they are also reviewed when determining the possible cause of an accident. The important systems that determine the safety of an aircraft are also reviewed in the process of determining the possible cause of an aircraft accident. Such systems include the planes hydraulic and electrical systems. The malfunctioning or even failure of such systems may result to an accident by an aircraft. Hence, they are investigated to determine whether or not they contributed to the airplane accident.
It can be noted that weather conditions can contribute to airplane crash. As such, when investigating the cause of aircraft accidents experts in weather conditions review the weather conditions which were prevailing at the time when the airplane accidents occurred. The weather conditions which prevailed by the time the airplane accident under review occurred are then used to gauge the probability that the accident occurred following unfavorable weather conditions. It is worth noting that airplane accidents can at times occur as a result of criminal activities. For instance, there are incidences where airplane accidents occur as a result of bombs planted in the aircrafts by individuals who might have malicious reasons. For instance, terrorists can possibly plant a bomb in an aircraft with an intention of causing airplane crash as a form of fighting the country to which the airplane belong.
Fenwick & Huhn (2003) provide that the national transportation safety board has in the past investigated the airplane accidents occurred, and obtained different causes to different incidences of the accidents. As such, there are varied causes of airplane accidents. In the course of the research to which this analytical report is developed, several causes of airplane accidents were identified. The causes, the analysis of each respective cause and the recommendation of the possible suitable course of action which can be undertaken to counteract each cause have been discussed in this analytical report.
Analysis
In the course of the research, several factors which result to airplane accidents were identified. Some of the causes that were identified included pilot error and mechanical errors et al. table 1 below shows the statistics of the various causes of accidents over the respective decades that have been identified in the research. The values have been expressed in terms of percentage.

Cause
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
All
Total Pilot Error
58
63
44
57
55
57
53
Pilot Error
42
36
25
29
29
34
32
Pilot Error (weather related)
10
18
14
16
21
18
16
Pilot Error (mechanical related)
6
9
5
2
5
5
5
Other Human Error
3
8
9
5
8
6
6
Weather
16
9
14
14
8
6
12
Mechanical Failure
21
19
20
21
18
22
20
Sabotage
3
5
11
12
10
9
8
Other Cause
0
2
2
1
1
0
1

Figure 1
From the above table, it is evident that there several causes of airplane accidents. The following figure shows the total percentage each cause identified contributes to the total number of airplane accidents which have been witnessed in the past:

Figure 2
From the above chart, it is seen that pilot error is the major cause of airplane accidents. However, it can be noted that despite the fact that pilot error is the major cause of aircraft accidents, it contributes only 35% of the total airplane accidents experienced. As such, the other causes contribute over 65% of the total airplane accidents that have occurred over years. Hence, the other causative factors must also be considered when attempting to come up with amicable solution to the airplane accidents which have claimed many lives. Below is the analysis of each respective cause of the airplane accidents and the various recommendations that when executed can possibly reduce the number of airplane accidents.

Pilot error

Figure 3
When the cause of an airplane accident that occurs is directly attributable to the actions of a pilot, the accident is said to have been caused by the pilot's error. Pilot errors can be classified into several categories. They can be classified into weather related pilot errors, mechanical related pilot errors, and pilot errors that can be committed by the pilot as a human being. Weather related pilot errors refer to the errors that the pilot commits in relation he or she as a pilot should react to the prevailing weather conditions during the time of the flight. Mechanical related pilot errors refers to errors that the pilot commits in relation to the way him or her as a plot should react to mechanical complications of an aircraft. For instance, there are predetermined precautions that a pilot should undertake in case the cabin is depressurized so as to avoid being incapacitated due to lack of oxygen. In case the cabin is depressurized and the pilot fails to undertake the necessary predetermined precautions thereby leading to incapacitation, such an error can be termed as a mechanical pilot error. Pilot errors are the major cause of airplane accidents and hence reducing the level of pilot errors can be a suitable course that can significantly reduce the number of airplane accidents that are experienced. There are several factors that can see a pilot commit an error which in turn translate to air plane crash. For instance, an airplane pilot can wrongly read equipment and hence undertake an action that can cause a crash. The misreading can be caused by such factors as fatigue by the pilot. For instance, a pilot may have worked for longer than usual hours thereby making him or her exhausted. Also, such factors as being under the influence of alcohol and drug substance might see a pilot misread equipments or misjudge weather conditions thereby undertaking actions that can possibly cause an airplane crash.
Pilot error can also occur as a result of incapacitation by the pilots. Incapacitation refers to the inability to undertake an action that an individual is tasked to undertake. For instance, in 2005 an airplane that belonged to Helios Airline crashed in Greece following the inability of the pilots to respond to corrective measures that ought to have been undertaken following a depressurized cabin (The New York Times, 2005).

Figure 4
It is an indication of incapacitation since the pilots ought to have undertaken the necessary course of action to respond to the mechanical error that had occurred. Hence, this attests to the fact that some pilot errors occur not because the pilots are ignorant but as a result of the fact that the pilots are incapacitated.
In other incidences, a pilot can occur as result of health conditions of a pilot. In the course of the research to which this analytical research is developed, it was identified that in the year 1976 there was an aircraft accident in South Africa which occurred when the pilot suddenly suffered a heart attack. Hence, this further attests that a pilot error can occur when the pilot suddenly faces health complications. It is worth noting that a plot can also cause an accident in an incidence where he or she suffers mental health problems.
Recommendations on how to counteract plot errors that cause airplane accidents
It has been noted that a pilot error can occur in an incidence whereby the pilot is incapacitated. Such a pilot can be undertaken by ensuring that pilots have the required qualification and hence they are competent enough to ensure that they can handle their piloting tasks. Ensuring the competence of pilots can start by ensuring that the aviation schools offer quality education that gives the students the necessary skills that they need to ensure that they are ready for their career as pilots. Also, the airports authority should undertake to ensure that both the pilot and the co-pilot have the necessary piloting skills such that the co-pilot is capable of stepping in to help the pilot in case of an incidence whereby the pilot is no longer capable of controlling the airplane. For instance, in the case of the air crash in South Africa in the year 1976 where the pilot suffered a heart attack, the co-pilot would have prevented the aircraft accident if he had the necessary skills as a pilot.
Also, the competence of pilots should be extended to the whole flight crew such that they have the necessary skills they require to help reduce incidences of pilot errors. In the course of the research, it was revealed that the airline crash in Greece was as a result of incapacitation of the pilot and the co-pilot as a result of hypoxia which had been caused by depressurization of the plane's cabin. However, despite the fact that the pilots were incapacitated due to lack of oxygen, research revealed that the pilots did not undertake the necessary precaution they should have undertaken in such an incidence. During the research to which this analytical report is generated, an interview with one of the specialists in air traffic control revealed that there are several precautions which should be undertaken in an incidence whereby the cabin of a plane is depressurized. For instance, the respondent of the interview revealed that in an incidence where the cabin is depressurized the pilots are expected to use artificial oxygen that they carry by using their masks. Also, the pilots in such an incidence are supposed to descend at the highest speed possible. A report generated after investigation that was carried out to determine the cause of the plane crash in Greece revealed that the pilots of the plane did not undertake any of the pre-determined precautions. As such, it attests to the fact one of the causes of the pilot errors is lack of full information regarding the piloting skills. Hence, it is justifiable to recommend that despite training pilots to have the necessary piloting techniques they should also be equipped with knowledge regarding to the necessary actions that they should undertake in an incidence of a mechanical error.
Pilot errors can also be reduced by undertaking to ensure that pilots are fit for their flight before they take off. For instance, it has been noted that pilots make mistakes in reading equipments and weather conditions because in other incidences they are under influence of either drugs, or alcohol. To counteract the occurrence of pilot errors as result such influences, the necessary authorities may undertake to ensure that pilots remain sober in the course of their flight. It is also important to ensure that pilots do not work for longer hours as they are not supposed to work. It has been noted that fatigue is one of the contributory factors to pilot errors. Hence, ensuring that pilots work only for hours that they can manage can help to reduce incidences of pilot errors attributable to fatigue. Hence, this can help to significantly reduce incidences of airplane accidents. It is also justifiable to recommend that pilots should not only be trained to have the skills of a pilot but they should also be trained to have engineering skills so that they can be able to notice when a mechanical error is about to occur and hence undertake suitable strategies to counteract an incidence of crash by the airplane.
Mechanical failure
Mechanical failure is another cause of airplane accidents and it occurs when a critical part of an airplane either malfunctions, or fails to work thereby resulting to an aircraft crash. For instance, an engine failure will automatically result to an airplane accident. There are several possible contributory factors that can result to mechanical factors that will in turn result to airplane accident. One of the possible contributory factors is defective design. Defective design refers to an incidence whereby the manufacturer of a product manufactures it in a way that renders the product dangerous to the consumers. For instance, if the manufacturer of the engine of an aircraft designs it in a way that makes it vulnerable to failure of malfunction, the engine is said to be defectively designed and hence it can increase the possibility of an airplane crash.
The probability of mechanical failure can also be increased by manufacturing defect. Manufacturing defect occurs in an incidence whereby the manufacturer of a product produces it using the inappropriate materials and technology et al other aspects of quality production thereby making the product vulnerable to failure or even malfunction. In an incidence whereby the manufacturer of such critical parts of an aircraft as the engine and the propellers commits a manufacturing defect, he or she increases the probability of failure of the specific parts of the aircraft thereby increasing the probability of the aircraft being involved in an accident. Also, the probability of mechanical failure is increased when the manufacturer of the product does not a provide directives on how the product should be used, or warnings on the conditions under which the product should not be used. For instance, it can be noted that different types of fuels are suitable to specific engines. As such, the manufacturer should disclose the directives under which the engines it produced should be used. The manufacturer should also provide warnings as regards to the incidences under the use of the product may be dangerous to the consumers.
To reduce the level of mechanical failure and hence reduce the percentage of the aircraft accidents that is caused by mechanical failures, the manufactures of aircrafts and aircraft parts should undertake to ensure that they avoid defective design and manufacturing defects. Also, it is justifiable to recommend that the necessary authorities should undertake to ensure the suppliers of aircrafts and aircraft parts are authorized dealers to avoid production of substandard products which increases incidences of mechanical failures thereby increasing the number of airplane accidents that are recorded over time.
Weather and other causes of airplane accidents
The prevailing weather conditions during the time of flight can cause an airplane accident. It is worth noting that severe weather can result to failure of some parts of an aero plane thereby resulting to an accident. For instance, in an incidence of severe weather the propellers of an aircraft are likely to fail thereby resulting to an aero plane crash. The percentage of airplane accidents caused by weather conditions can be counteracted by ensuring proper weather studying to determine whether or not the weather is favorable for a flight. However, studying weather as course of action to reduce the incidences of aircraft accidents caused by weather is limited by the fact that at times there could be sudden unexpected changes in weather conditions when the flight is already ongoing.
Other causes of airplane accidents include criminal activities. Examples of criminal activities may include planting bombs in aircrafts with an intention of causing an airplane accident. Research has revealed that most criminal activities that result to aircraft accidents are related to terrorist activities. Such accidents can be counteracted by having the relevant authorities undertake to ensure security in the airlines if beefed up. Though in most cases airplane accidents caused by criminal activities are associated with such malicious people as terrorists and hijackers, it is worth noting that in some incidences individuals who may not want to cause harm to the rest of the travelers in a plane but to themselves may result to a plane crash. For instance, in an incidence where the pilot might want to commit suicide may ignore the welfare of all the travelers in a plane and deliberately cause the plane to crash. Such an accident will be classified as to have been caused by criminal activity since the ultimate intention was to commit murder though to one individual. Such accidents can be counteracted by undertaking to ensure that the individuals who are in control of a flight a physically fit. For instance, the mental health of pilots should be screened often to ensure that they are fit to take a flight. Also, the managements of airports can undertake suitable strategies to ensure that the travelers are mentally health so as to ensure there no incidences chaos that can result to plane crash. For instance, reviewing documents that attest to the good health of consumers can help to identify individuals with cerebral complications and hence undertake the suitable course of action to handle such individuals.
Other human errors
Airplane accidents are not always as a result of errors caused by the pilots or errors caused by the manufacturers of the aircrafts and the associated aircraft parts, but rather there are other human errors that result to airplane accidents. For instance, mistakes committed by air traffic controllers can result to airplane accidents. Air traffic controllers are individuals who provide guidelines to the pilots on the air. The air traffic controllers are based on the ground and they provide specialized services to the pilots such as giving landing directives to the pilots so as to counteract occurrence of collision incidences. Air traffic controllers also provide necessary information to a pilot before taking off. For instance, air traffic controllers direct the pilot whether to go higher or reduce the altitude and finally give the right altitude which the pilot should maintain. It can be noted that in case the air traffic controller gives misleading information to the pilot it can result to an airplane accident. For instance, in case the air traffic controller to land in a run way that is not clear it can result to an accident in form of collision. In most cases airplane crashes are witnessed when an aircraft is either landing or taking off and hence such accidents can be ascribed to mistakes committed by the air traffic controllers.
Still, airplane accidents can be caused by errors caused by the maintenance and repair team. For instance, fueling a plane wrongly can result to an airplane accident since it can result to explosion. An airplane accident can also occur due to lack of proper maintenance of the planes. It can be noted that an aircraft which has stayed for relatively long time without being checked for any possible need for repair or replacement of some parts of the aircraft can easily cause an aircraft accident.
The percentage of airplane accidents caused by human errors is minimal. However, it cannot be overlooked since they cause accidents which end claiming human lives or causing other adverse effects on the lives of human beings. Hence, suitable courses of action should be undertaken to counteract airplane accident causing human errors. The air traffic controller mistakes can be controlled by undertaking to ensure that the air traffic controllers have the necessary skills that are required to be an effective air traffic controller. The air traffic controllers can also help to reduce such accidents may undertaking to voluntarily practice due care while they are in their respective job sessions. The management of airlines can also strategize effectively to see that the aircrafts are checked periodically to ensure that they are in good conditions.
It can be noted that there are several causes of aircraft accidents which among others include pilot errors and weather conditions. In the past airplane accidents have been caused by all the named causes. Hence, it is justifiable to recommend that the bodies responsible for air transport safety should utilize the information gathered in the course of investigations that were carried out to identify the causes of the accidents as basis to develop suitable strategies that can help to curb the possibility of future occurrence of airplane accidents caused by the same causes. In the recent past, the emerging trends in the air transport industry have been characterized by emergence of private airlines. Hence, it is justifiable to recommend that suitable strategies should be undertaken to ensure that the operations of the private airlines are up to the required standards. For instance, the aircrafts of private airlines should be reviewed to ensure that they are from credible manufacturers and that they do not have elements of defective design which can result to increase airplane accidents. Also, the pilots and other specialists employed in the private airlines should be screened to ensure that they are competent, and also to ensure that they have the necessary qualification.
Conclusion
From the above analysis, it can be noted that some of the plot errors are beyond the control of the pilot as a human being. For instance, a pilot cannot be able to control suffering from a heart attack. However, in some incidences the pilots are capable of controlling the causes of the errors that they commit. For instance, a pilot can decide to remain sober in the course of their flight and hence avoid any possible errors that can be ascribed to influence of alcoholism and drugs. Hence, it is justifiable to recommend that in an incidence of airplane accident which is caused by pilot errors effective investigation should be carried out to determine whether or not the pilot was in a position to control the error in which he or she committed. If the pilot was in a capacity to control the error which he or she committed, then the families of the victims of the airplane accident should be compensated. If the error was beyond the scope of human control then the families of the victims of the accident should not be compensated.
Smith et al (2012) provides that the manufacturer of a product can legally be held responsible if the products have adverse effects of the consumers provided it can be proved in a court of law that the manufacturer did not practice due care in attempting to counteract the adverse effects the product had on the consumers. Hence, the manufacturers of aircrafts and the associated parts of aircrafts should be held responsible in an incidence whereby it can be proved that the accident was attributable to manufacturing defect, defective design, or an incidence whereby the manufacturer did not disclose information about the products which may include directives and warnings related to the use of the manufacturer's product. Hence, it is justifiable to conclude that the victims of airplane accidents should be compensated in an incidence whereby it is evident that the accident was caused by manufacturing defect, defective design, or failure to disclose full information about the product. In summary, whether or not the victims of an airplane accident should be compensated should be relative to the ultimate cause of the accident.
Still, it is justifiable to recommend the boards which are charged with the responsibility of managing air transport should engage relevant individuals in research and development to identify means which when applied can help to reduce the level of airplane accidents. Such individuals may include aeronautic engineers among other individuals who have knowledge related to the air transport services. Innovation should be an essential part in the process of attempting to militate against occurrence of airplane accidents. Hence, platforms should be set to encourage innovation in the air transport industry that can help to reduce incidences of airplane accidents.










References
Airplanes, C. (2013). Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents.
Fenwick, L & Huhn, M (2003). Criminal Liability & Aircraft Accident Investigation. Retrieved on 31st October, 2014 from http://www.alpa.org/portals/alpa/magazine/2003/may2003_criminalliability.htm
Fucke, L., Biryukov, V., Grigoriev, M., Groen, E., Wentink, M., Field, J., & Soemarwoto, B. (2010). Developing Scenarios for Research into Upset Recovery Simulation. In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference (pp. 2-5).
Goetz, J. D., & Baiocco, D. Excluding NTSB Final Aircraft Accident Reports and FAA Airworthiness Directives at Trial.
http://www.planecrashinfo.com/cause.htm
Kolly, J. M., & Blanchet, T. (2005). Applying Research Methods to Accident Investigations. Journal of Accident Investigation, 1(1).
Mandel, J. (2012). The statistical analysis of experimental data. Courier Dover Publications.
Peck, R., Olsen, C., & Devore, J. (2011). Introduction to statistics and data analysis. Cengage Learning.
Smith, D., Lawson, R. D., & Painter, A. A. (2012). Business law. Routledge.
The New York Times, (2005). Plane crash in Greece kills all 121 on board. Retrieved on 31st October, 2014 from http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/14/world/europe/14iht-crash.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0



Running head: ANALYTICAL REPORT 1

causes of airplane accidents