An extension of classical functional dependency: dynamic fuzzy functional dependency

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Dwwulexwhv duh v|perov wdnhq iurp d qlwh vhw X @ iD4 > D5 > = = = > Dq j fdoohg xqlyhuvh ri dwwulexwhv1 Hdfk dwwulexwh Dl lv dvvrfldwhg wr d grpdlq ghqrwhg grp +Dl ,1 grp +Dl , lv wkh vhw ri srvvleoh ydoxhv iru Dl1 Lqglylgxdo dwwulexwhv duh ghqrwhg e| wkh lqlwldo ohwwhuv ri wkh doskdehw D/ E/1 1 1 / dqg wkh vhwv ri dwwulexwhv e| wkh odvw ohwwhuv ri wkh doskdehw 1 1 1 / [/ \/ ]1 Wkh xqlrq ri wzr vhwv ri dwwulexwhv [ dqg \ lv ghqrwhg e| [\1 D uhodwlrq u ryhu d uhodwlrq vfkhph U+D4 > D5 > = = = > Dq , lv d vxevhw ri wkh Fduwhvldq surgxfw grp+D4 ,  grp+D5 ,  = = =  grp+Dq ,1 Dq hohphqw ri wkh uhodwlrq u/ w @ +x4 > x5 > = = = > xq ,/ xl 5 grp+Dl ,/ l @ 4> 5> = = = > q/ lv fdoohg d wxsoh1

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Ghqlwlrq 4 D ix}}| vhw I lq d xqlyhuvh ri glvfrxuvh X lv fkdudfwhul}hg e| d phpehuvkls ixqfwlrq I = X $ ^3> 4`/ zkhuh I +x, ghqrwhv wkh judgh ri php0 ehuvkls ri x lq wkh ix}}| vhw I 1 Khqfh/ wkh ix}}| vhw I lv ghqrwhg e| wkh iroorzlqj +zkhq X lv frxqwdeoh vhw ri q hohphqwv,= I @ i+x4 ,@x4 . +x5 ,@x5 . = = = . +xq ,@xq j 1 H{dpsoh 4 Ohw X @ ^3> 433`> eh wkh xqlyhuvh ri glvfrxuvh uhsuhvhqwlqj d shu0 vrq*v djh1 Ohw \ dqg R wzr ix}}| vxevhwv ri X / uhsuhvhqwlqj wkh frqfhswv \rxqj dqg Rog/ uhvshfwlyho|1 Wkh phpehuvkls ixqfwlrqv \ dqg R duh jlyhq ehorz=  4 li 3  x  58 \ +x, @ ^4 . + x  58,5 `4 li 58 ? x  433   3 li 3  x  83 R +x, @ +4 . +x  83,5 ,4 li 83 ? x  433 Ohw U+D4 > D5 > = = = > Dq , eh d uhodwlrq vfkhph1 Pdwkhpdwlfdoo|/ dq q0du| ix}}| uhodwlrq u ryhu U lv d ix}}| vxevhw ri G @ grp+D4 ,  grp+D5 ,  = = =  grp+Dq ,/ dqg lv fkdudfwhul}hg e| d phpehuvkls ixqfwlrq u =G $ ^3> 4`1 Wkxv/ d ix}}| uhodwlrq u ryhu U fdq eh ylhzhg dv d wzr0glphqvlrqdo wdeoh lq zklfk d urz fruuhvsrqgv wr dq remhfw dqg d froxpq wr dq dwwulexwh1 Dq dgglwlrqdo froxpq/ ghqrwhg u +w,/ vwdqgv iru wkh phpehuvkls ydoxh ri wkh wxsoh w lq u1 Ghshqglqj rq wkh frpsoh{lw| ri grp+Dl ,/ l @ 4/= = =/q/ Udmx hw do/ ^54`/ kdyh lqwurgxfhg d fodvvlfdwlrq ri ix}}| uhodwlrqv lqwr wzr fdwhjrulhv/ qdpho| W|sh04 dqg W|sh05 ix}}| uhodwlrq1 Lq w|sh04 ix}}| uhodwlrq/ grp+Dl ,/ pd| eh d fodvvlfdo ru d ix}}| vxevhw ri X1 Lq w|sh05 ix}}| uhodwlrq/ grp+Dl ,/ pd| eh d vhw ri ix}}| vxevhwv lq Xl / l @ 4> = = = > q/ xqlyhuvh ri glvfrxuvh dvvrfldwhg zlwk hdfk dwwulexwh Dl1

H{dpsoh 5 Ohw xv frqvlghu wkh uhodwlrq vfkhph HPS4+Q/ G/ S/ H/ V, uhsuh0 vhqwlqj h{shulphqwhg dqg zhoo sdlg hpsor|hhv/ zkhuh Q @ qdph/ G@ ghsduw0 phqw/ S @ surihvvlrq/ H@ h{shulhqfh dqg V @ vdodu|1 D srvvleoh lqvwdqfh ri u+HPS4, lv jlyhq lq wdeoh 41 Zh ghqh wkh glhuhqw grpdlqv ri dwwulexwhv dv ehorz= 6

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Uhpdun 4 Lq wkh fodvvlfdo uhodwlrqdo gdwd prgho/ wkh uhvwulfwlrq ri d wxsoh rq d vhw ri dwwulexwh lv hqwluho| nqrzq dqg vlqjoh ydoxhg1 Exfnohv hw do ^9/ :` kdyh doorzhg/ dq dwwulexwh ydoxh wr eh d vxevhw ri wkh dvvrfldwhg grpdlq1 Wkh htxly0 dohqfh uhodwlrq ryhu wkh grpdlq lv uhsodfhg e| d ix}}| vlplodulw| uhodwlrq wr lghqwli| vlplodu wxsohv h{fhhglqj d jlyhq wkuhvkrog ri vlplodulw| +Lghd xvhg dovr e| Lfklndzd hw do ^47`,1

2 633) ,^@*|) @t 633) hi*@|L? Dv zh h{whqg wkh uhodwlrqdo gdwd prgho wr kdqgoh ix}}| gdwd/ lw lv qhfhvvdu| wr vxssruw lqwhjulw| frqvwudlqwv h{suhvvlqj dssur{lpdwh htxdolw| vxfk wkdw %ds0 sur{lpdwho| htxdo% ru %pruh ru ohvv htxdo%1 Wkh htxdwlrq +4, vkrzv wkh qhhg wr frpsduh/ zlwk dq htxlydohqfh uhodwlrq/ ydoxhv ri dwwulexwhv ri glhuhqw wxsohv1 Krzhyhu/ zkhq zh ghdo zlwk ix}}| gdwd/ zh qhhg d ghylfh wr frpsduh lpsuhflvho| ru loo nqrzq ydoxhv ri dwwulexwhv1 Iru wklv sxusrvh/ zh xvh d ix}}| uhvhpeodqfh uhodwlrq ghqrwhg khuh HT1 Wkh uhodwlrq HT lv uhh{lyh +l1h1/ HT +d> d, @ 4, dqg v|pphwulf +l1h1/ HT +d> e, @ HT +e> d,,1 Wkh wudqvlwlylw| surshuw| grhv qrw krog dv lw lv dgyrfdwhg e| Uxqghqvwhlqhu hw do ^55` iru sur{lplw| phdvxuhv xvhg iru frpsdulqj grpdlq ydoxhv1 8

Wkh uhodwlrq HT fdq eh h{whqghg ryhu frpsrvlwh grpdlqv dv iroorzv1 Ohw

G @ grp+D4 ,  grp+D5 ,  = = =  grp+Dq ,/ dqg w4 dqg w5 eh wzr wxsohv lq G1

Vxssrvh wkdw lq hdfk grpdlq grp+Dl ,/ d ix}}| uhvhpeodqfh uhodwlrq HT +zlwk phpehuvkls ixqfwlrq lHT , kdv douhdg| ehhq ghqhg1 Khqfh/ wkh uhodwlrq HT/ h{whqghg ryhu G/ ghqhv d ix}}| vxevhw ri G  G/ zlwk phpehuvkls ixqfwlrq dv jlyhq ehorz= HT +w4 > w5 , @ plqi4HT +w4 =D4 > w5 =D4 ,> 5HT +w4 =D5 > w5 =D5 ,> = = = > qHT +w4 =Dq > w5 =Dq ,j1

Uhpdun 5 Wkh vhohfwlrq ri wkh phpehuvkls HT iru hyhu| grpdlq lv rq wkh ehdu ri wkh gdwd edvh ghvljqhu dv lwv rzq shufhswlrq ri wkh dssur{lpdwh htxdolw| ri grpdlq ydoxhv1 H{dpsoh 7 Ohw xv frqvlghu wkh uhodwlrq vfkhph HPS5+Q/ G/ S/ H/ V/ L,1 Lq wklv fdvh/ wkh grpdlqv ri Q/ G dqg S duh fodvvlfdo vhwv/ zkhuh wkrvh ri H/ V dqg L duh ix}}| vhwv1 Zh ghqh wkh phpehuvkls ixqfwlrq HT +d> e,> ghshqglqj rq wkh qdwxuh ri d dqg e/ iru hyhu| grpdlq dv iroorzv= HT +d> e, @ 3 iru d 9@ e zkhuh d dqg e 5 grp+D,/ D 5 iQ> G> S j/ Iru d dqg e 5 grp+D,/ D 5 iH> V> L j/ l, Li d dqg e duh suhflvh/ wkhq HT +d> e, @ + +4.4mdem , zkhuh  @ 4 ; d/ e 5 grp+H ,/  @ 4@5333 ; d/ e 5 grp+V ,/  @ 4@833 ; d/ e 5 grp+L ,1 ll, Li d lv suhflvh dqg e lv d ix}}| vhw/ wkhq= HT +d> e, @ e+d,1 Li e lv suhflvh dqg d lv d ix}}| vhw/ wkhq= HT +d> e, @ d +e,1 +d_ e, fdug+d_ e, lll, Li d dqg e duh ix}}| vhwv/ wkhq HT +d> e, @ pd{i fdug fdug+d, > fdug+e, j1 Zkhuh fdug ghqrwhv fduglqdolw| ri ix}}| vhwv ^4 4, li d 9@ 3 Jrjxhq ,J 4 rwkhuzlvh Nohhqh0Glhqhv ,NG pd{+4  d> e, Oxndvlhzlf} plq+4> 4  d . e, ,O Qdph

Wdeoh 6= Wkh prvw xvhg ix}}| lpsolfdwlrqv1 eh lpsuhflvho| nqrzq dqg duh ghvfulehg e| phdqv ri srvvlelolw| glvwulexwlrqv1 Lq wklv frqwh{w/ wkh dxwkruv lqwurgxfhg wkh iroorzlqj ghqlwlrq =

Ghqlwlrq 5 [ A \ lv ydolg rq u+X , / ;w4 > w5 5 u w4 =[ @ w5 =[ , UHV +w4 =\> w5 =\ ,  

+5,

Zkhuh  lv d {hg wkuhvkrog dqg UHV lv d sur{lplw| uhodwlrq xvhg wr frpsduh hlwkhu d sdlu ri fodvvlfdo ydoxhv ru srvvlelolw| glvwulexwlrqv1 Zkhq UHV lv dssolhg wr srvvlelolw| glvwulexwlrqv/ lw frpsxwhv wkh htxdolw| srvvlelolw| ghjuhh ri wkh loo0 nqrzq ydoxhv { dqg | xvlqj wkh iroorzlqj irupxod +zkhuh { dqg | duh uhsuhvhqwhg e| wkh srvvlelolw| glvwulexwlrqv { / | / uhvshfwlyho|,= UHV +{> |, @ vxs plq+{ +x,> | +x,,1

x5grp+{, Fkhq hw do ^;/ 4`, / ;w4 / w5 5 u Li ^w4 =[ @ w5 =[ $ w4 =\ @ w5 =\ hovhUHV +w4 =[> w5 =[ , ,Jr‚ UHV +w4 =\> w5 =\ ,  `= +6,

Wkh ghqlwlrq 6 lv vwurqjhu wkdq wkh fodvvlfdo ghqlwlrq ri IG/ vlqfh wkh iruphu rqh lv lqfoxghg dv dq lqvwdqfh +wkh +li 1 1 1 , sduw, lq ghqlwlrq 61 Wkh vhfrqg sduw ri ghqlwlrq 6 lpsrvhv d frqvwudlqw zkhq wkh uhsuhvhqwdwlyh ydoxhv ri wkh ohiw0kdqg vlgh vkduh frpprq ydoxhv1 Wkh iroorzlqj uhvxowv kdyh ehhq hvwdeolvkhg= l, Dq h{whqghg vrxqg dqg frp0 sohwh vhw ri lqihuhqfh d{lrpv/ ll, Wkh orvvohvv mrlq ghfrpsrvlwlrq wkhruhp lv :

ydolg/ lll, Dq dojrulwkp wr whvw wkh suhvhuydwlrq ri IIGv zkhq ghfrpsrvlwlrq lv dssolhg1 D1 Nlvv ^49`= Wklv sursrvdo frqfhuqv W|sh04 ix}}| uhodwlrqv= wkh kljkhu wkh zhljkw dvvrfldwhg zlwk wxsoh w/ wkh pruh frqghqw wkh lqirupdwlrq vwruhg lq w1 Wkh dxwkru lqwurgxfhg wkh iroorzlqj ghqlwlrq=

Ghqlwlrq 7 [ A \ lv ydolg rq u+X , dqg lwv wuxwk ydoxh WU +[ A \ , ^3> 4` lv htxdo wr =

5

WU +[ A \ , @ plq ^plq^u +w4 ,> u +w5 ,> w4 =[ @ w5 =[ ,NG w4 =\ @ w5 =\ `= +7, w >w 4 5

Wkh h{suhvvlrq 7 fdq eh lqwhusuhwhg dv iroorzv1 Wkh pruh d sdlu ri wxsohv/ zlwk d kljk phpehuvkls ghjuhh/ ylrodwhv wkh fodvvlfdo IG/ wkh ohvv wkh GII [ A \ lv vdwlvhg1 Wkh dlp ri wklv sursrvdo lv qrw wkh uhgxfwlrq +ru holplqd0 wlrq, ri uhgxqgdqf|/ exw udwkhu wkh vdyh ri vwrudjh vsdfh1 Wkh dxwkru pdlqo| lqwurgxfhv d % zhdn % ghfrpsrvlwlrq wkhruhp1 Lq idfw/ li WU +[ A \ ,  > wkhq wkh vxevhw ri u+[> \> ] ,/ u+[> \> ] , zkrvh wxsoh phpehuvkls lv juhdwhu wkdq / pd| eh ghfrpsrvhg lqwr lwv wzr surmhfwlrqv u ^[> \ ` dqg u ^[> ] ` zkhuh  A 4  1 Wkh iroorzlqj sursrvdov dgguhvv W|sh04 dqg W|sh05 ix}}| uhodwlrqv1 Udmx hw do ^54`= Xvlqj Uhvfkhu0Jdlqhv lpsolfdwlrq/ wkh dxwkruv sursrvhg wkh iroorzlqj ghqlwlrq=

Ghqlwlrq 8 [ A \ lv ydolg rq u+X , / ;w4 / w5 5 u ^HT +w4 =[> w5 =[ , ,UJ HT +w4 =\> w5 =\ ,`=

+8,

Lqwxlwlyho|/ wkh frqglwlrq 8 phdqv wkdw wkh dqwhfhghqwv* htxdolw| ghjuhh +l1h1/

HT +w4 =[> w5 =[ ,, pxvw eh ohvv wkdq ru htxdo wr wkh htxdolw| ghjuhh ri wkhlu fruuhvsrqglqj lpdjhv +l1h1/ HT +w4 =\> w5 =\ ,,1 Wkh iroorzlqj uhvxowv kdyh ehhq hvwdeolvkhg= l, d vrxqg exw qrw frpsohwh

d{lrpdwlf v|vwhp +lghqwlfdo wr Dupvwurqj*v v|vwhp ^4`,1 Wr dvvxuh wkh frp0 sohwhqhvv surshuw|/ d ixuwkhu uhvwulfwlrq ri wkh uhodwlrq HT vkrxog eh lpsrvhg1 ll, Wkh orvvohvv mrlq ghfrpsrvlwlrq wkhruhp lv ydolg1 lll, Dq dojrulwkp wr whvw wkh suhvhuydwlrq ri IIGv zkhq d ghfrpsrvlwlrq lv dssolhg1 Ekxlq|d hw do ^7`= Lq rughu wr shuplw wkh dffhswdqfh ri vrph lqvwdqfhv ylrodwlqj wkh frqglwlrq +8,/ wkh dxwkruv vxjjhvwhg wkh iroorzlqj ghqlwlrq=

Ghqlwlrq 9 [ A \ lv ydolg rq u+X , / ;w4 / w5 5 u HT +w4 =[> w5 =[ , ,UJ HT +w4 =\> w5 =\ , ;

+9,

ru +:, HT +w4 =[> w5 =[ ,  HT +w4 =\> w5 =\ ,  4   zkhuh HT +w4 =[> w5 =[ , dqg HT +w4 =\> w5 =\ , duh  0htxdo +l1h1= HT +w4 =[> w5 =[ ,   dqg HT +w4 =\> w5 =\ ,  , dqg  ?  ? 41 Wkh iroorzlqj uhvxowv kdyh ehhq hvwdeolvkhg= l, dq h{whqghg vrxqg dqg frp0 sohwh d{lrpdwlf/ ll, wkh orvvohvv mrlq ghfrpsrvlwlrq wkhruhp lv ydolg dqg dq dojrulwkp wr whvw wkh suhvhuydwlrq ri IIGv zkhq d ghfrpsrvlwlrq lv dssolhg1 Vd{hqd hw do ^56`= Wklv sursrvdo lv dq h{whqvlrq ri Udmx hw do*v sursrvdo1 Lq idfw/ wkh dxwkruv lqwurgxfhg ix}}lfdwlrq ri wkh frqfhsw ri qxoo ydoxhv/ ghqrwhg khuh >/ dqg sursrvhg wkh iroorzlqj ghqlwlrq=

Ghqlwlrq : [ A \ lv ydolg rq u+X , 9 w5 =[ ,= w4 =[ 9@ > @

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44

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H

43 48 45 44 43=8 45=8

V

8333 8:33 8533 8533 8433 8733

u +w,

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51 zh kdyh HT[] @ plqiHT[ > HT] j dqg HT\ ] @ plqiHT\ > HT] j1

Fdvh 4= HT[  HT\ / vr , HT[]  HT\ ] / plq+4> 4  HT[] . HT\ ] , @ 4  W 1 [] A \ ] krogv lq u1

Fdvh 5=HT[ A HT\ / vr plq+4> 4HT[ .HT\ , @ 4HT[ .HT\ 4  W 1 Wkdw lv/ [] A \ ] krogv lq u1

Wkdw lv/

 W / 4HT[] .HT\ ] , @

6, Wudqvlwlylw|=

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A ] = plq+4> 4  HT\ . HT] ,  W

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7, Xqlrq=

41 [ A \ = plq+4> 4  HT[ . HT\ ,  W 51

/ W  4 . HT[  HT\ 1 [ A ] = plq+4> 4  HT[ . HT] ,  W / W  4 . HT[  HT] 1

46

, W  4 . HT[  plqiHT\ / HT] j1 , W  4 . HT[  HT\ ] 1 , 4  .HT[  HT\ ]  W 1 Wkdw lv/ [ A \ ] krogv lq u1 8, Ghfrpsrvlwlrq= li [ A \ ] wkhq [ A \ dqg [ A ] [ A \ ] = 4  HT[ . HT\ ]  W 1 , W  4 . HT[  HT\ ] 1 , W  4 . HT[  plqiHT\ / HT] j1 , W  4 . HT[  HT\ dqg W  4 . HT[  HT] 1 , 4  .HT[  HT\  W dqg 4  .HT[  HT]  W 1 Wkdw lv/ [ A \ dqg [ A ] krog lq u1 Uhpdun ; Iurp wkh ghqlwlrq ri uhh{lylw|/ zh fdq frqfoxgh wkdw li \  [ wkhq zh kdyh dozd|v [ A \ 1 9  dqg Sursrvlwlrq 5 Li [ A \ dqg [ A \ wkhq [ A \ ] zlwk  @ 4

 @ plq+>  ,1

Surri1 Iurp wkh ghqlwlrq ri xqlrq d{lrp1 Sursrvlwlrq 6 Li [ A \ dqg \  @ 4, dqg  @ plq+> ,1

A ] wkhq [ A ] / zkhuh + @ 4 ru

Surri1 Li [ A \ dqg \ A ] wkhq [ A ] / zkhuh + @ 4 ru  @ 4, lv jlyhq iurp wkh ghqlwlrq ri wudqvlwlylw| d{lrp1 Qrz zh vkrz wkdw  @ plq+>  ,1 Fdvh 4=  @ 4 dqg  @ 4 , HT[  HT] , [ A4 ] 1 Fdvh 5=  @ 4 dqg  ? 4 [ A4 \ , HT[  HT\ , 4  .HT[  HT\  41+d, \ A ] , HT\ A HT] , 4  .HT\  HT] @  1 +e, +d . e, , 4  .HT[  HT\ . 4  .HT\  HT]  4.  , plq+4> 4  .HT\  HT] ,  1 Wkdw lv/ [ A ] zlwk  @ plq+>  ,11 Fdvh 6=  ? 4 dqg  @ 4 Wkh vdph surri dv fdvh 51

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