ARQ ISSN: 0716-0852
[email protected] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Chile
Valdés, Adriana Alfredo Jaar: "Soy un arquitecto que hace arte" ARQ, núm. 70, 2008, pp. 12-15 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=37514399002
Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Más información del artículo Página de la revista en redalyc.org
Sistema de Información Científica Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto
-FDUVSBT3FBEJOHT
"MGSFEP+BBS ²4PZVOBSRVJUFDUPRVFIBDFBSUF³ "ESJBOB7BMEnT1SPGFTPSB 6OJWFSTJEBEEF$IJMF
-BPCSBEF"MGSFEP+BBSTFTJU|BFOFMMrNJUFFOUSFMBBSRVJUFDUVSBZFMBSUF4BMBTEF FYQPTJDJwOFOFMQBJTBKF NVTFPTUFNQPSBMFTPJOTUBMBDJPOFTFOMBDJVEBEUPEBTUJFOFO FMEFOPNJOBEPSDPN|OEFUSBFSBQSFTFODJBQSPCMFNBTTPDJBMFTRVFOPTFWFOBTJNQMF WJTUB4PODVFTUJPOBNJFOUPTBDFSDBEFMPRVFOPTPNPTDBQBDFTEFQFSDJCJSPTFOUJS
5IFXPSLPG"MGSFEP+BBSJTTJUVBUFEPOUIFMJNJUCFUXFFOBSDIJUFDUVSFBOEBSU&YQPTJUJPO IBMMTJOUIFMBOETDBQF UFNQPSBSZNVTFVNTPSDJUZJOTUBMMBUJPOTBMMIBWFUIFDPNNPO EFOPNJOBUPSPGCSJOHJOHUPMJHIUTPDJBMQSPCMFNTUIBUBSFOPUTFFOPOUIFTVSGBDF5IFZ BSFJOWFTUJHBUJPOTRVFTUJPOJOHUIBUXIJDIXFBSFJODBQBCMFPGQFSDFJWJOHPSGFFMJOH
6OUFNBUBOBNQMJPDPNPFMEFMBTSFMBDJPOFTFOUSFMBBSRVJUFDUVSBZMBT BSUFTWJTVBMFTQVFEFBCPSEBSTFEFNVDIBTNBOFSBT6OBNVZDPODSFUB FTSFGFSJSTFBMBQSgDUJDBEF"MGSFEP+BBS FMBSUJTUBDIJMFOPDPOUFNQPSg OFPNgTSFDPOPDJEPBOJWFMJOUFSOBDJPOBM4VPCSBOPUJFOFGSPOUFSBTFO MPHFPHSg¾DPZUBNQPDPFODVBOUPBMBTEJTDJQMJOBTMBTGSPOUFSBTFOUSF BSUF BSRVJUFDUVSBZDJOF QPSFKFNQMP TFWVFMWFOTVNBNFOUF¿VJEBT 4F NVFWF FOUSF VOBT Z PUSBT TFH|O MBT OFDFTJEBEFT EFM QSPCMFNB RVF DBEBMVHBSZDBEBPCSBMFQMBOUFB²/PTnTJTFSgQPSNJGPSNBDJwO QFSPZPIF TJEPJODBQB[EFDSFBSVOBTPMBPCSBEFBSUFRVFOPTFBFOSFTQVFTUBBVOIFDIP SFBM/PMPTnIBDFS/PTPZBSUJTUBEFUBMMFS TPZBSUJTUBEFQSPZFDUPT³ -BGPSNBDJwOBRVFTFSF¾FSFUVWPMVHBSFO$IJMFEVSBOUFMBEJDUBEVSB 4VT FTUVEJPT GVFSPO EF BSRVJUFDUVSB Z DJOF OP EF BSUF 4V DBSSFSB TF EFTBSSPMMwBQBSUJSEFFO/VFWB:PSL EPOEFDPNFO[wUSBCBKBOEP FOMBP¾DJOBEFBSRVJUFDUPT4*5& ZMPIBMMFWBEPBFYQPOFSZBDSFBSPCSBT FONgTEFWFJOUJDJODPDJVEBEFTFO"NnSJDB ÇGSJDB "TJBZ&VSPQB &O FM MFOHVBKF DPO RVF EFTDSJCF TV QSPQJB BDUJWJEBE TF BQSFDJB MB JO¿VFODJB EF TV GPSNBDJwO EF BSRVJUFDUP -PT IFDIPT SFBMFT TF QMBO UFBODPNPQSPCMFNBTZMBPCSBFTFMSFTVMUBEPEFVOBQSPHSBNBDJwOEF BDUJWJEBEFT RVFJODMVZFOMBJOWFTUJHBDJwOBDFSDBEFMMVHBSZUPEBTMBT FUBQBTEFQSPEVDDJwOZNPOUBKF$BEBQSPCMFNBMMFWBBMBFYQMPSBDJwOEF NFEJPTZGPSNBUPTEJTUJOUPT RVFUJFOFONFOPTRVFWFSDPOMBTFYJHFO DJBTEFMPTGPSNBMJTNPTEFMBSUFZNgTDPOMBTDBSBDUFSrTUJDBTEFMMVHBS FORVFMBPCSBTFPSJHJOB "DPOUJOVBDJwOTFIBCMBBDFSDBEFBMHVOBTEFTVTPCSBT MBTNgTSFMB DJPOBEBT DPO MPT UFNBT RVF TF QMBOUFBO FTQPOUgOFBNFOUF DVBOEP TF QJFOTBFOBSUFZBSRVJUFDUVSBMPTNVTFPT FMBSUFFOMBTDJVEBEFTZMB BSRVJUFDUVSBEFOUSPEFMBTPCSBTNJTNBT FTEFDJS FOMBTJOTUBMBDJPOFT .64&04+BBSIBTFvBMBEPFOFOUSFWJTUBTRVF²IBZQSPCMFNBTFOMBBSRVJUFD UVSBEFNVTFPT)BZBSRVJUFDUPTRVFTFDSFFOBSUJTUBTZDSFBOFTQBDJPTBSRVJUFD UwOJDPTJNQPTJCMFTQBSBFMBSUF DPNP'SBOL(FISZ$SFBOWFSEBEFSBTFTDVMUVSBT BTrNJTNPT)BZPUSPT DPNP3FO[P1JBOP RVFDSFBOFTQBDJPTSFTQFUVPTPT MJN QJPT TJMFODJPTPT EPOEFFMBSUJTUBQVFEFUSBCBKBS³ .gT BMMg EF FTUBT PQJOJPOFT +BBS IB DSFBEP PCSBT RVF JNQMJDBO VOB SF¿FYJwOTPCSFMPTFTQBDJPTEFFYIJCJDJwOEFMBSUF TPCSFMBOFDFTJEBE EFMBSUFZTVJOUFSBDDJwODPOMBWJEBEFMPTMVHBSFT5SFTTJSWFOEFFKFN QMPBRVrZTFQSFTFOUBOFOPSEFODSPOPMwHJDP -BQSJNFSB EF$BNFSBMVDJEB FO$BUJB VOCBSSJPQPCSFEF$BSB DBT 4F USBUBCB EF JOBVHVSBS VO NVTFP SFDIB[BEP QPS MPT IBCJUBOUFT EFM CBSSJP RVJFOFT IBCrBO QFEJEP FO TV MVHBS VO SFDJOUP EFQPSUJWP &M BSUJTUB JOWJUw B MPT WFDJOPT EJTUSJCVZw NgRVJOBT GPUPHSg¾DBT EFT FDIBCMFTZQFMrDVMBTZBDBNCJPQJEJwTwMPVOBGPUPEFMCBSSJP TBDBEB QPSDBEBVOP$VBOEPMBTSFDJCJw IJ[PVONPOUBKFOPUBCMFFOFMOVFWP NVTFP KVHBOEP DPO UBNBvPT Z GPSNBUPT cTUF GVF QPS DJFSUP WJTJUBEP QPSNVDIBHFOUFNVDIPTSFUSBUBSPOZNVDIPTTFTJOUJFSPOSFUSBUBEPT
BMMr4FDSFwBTrVOMB[PDPOFMNVTFP VOBNBOFSBEFRVFGVFSBTFOUJEP DPNP QSPQJP IPZ USFT QFSTPOBT EFM CBSSJP JOUFHSBO TV EJSFDUPSJP 4F DSFwUBNCJnOVOBSFMBDJwODPOFMBSUF OPDPNPBMHPBKFOPZFYUFSOP TJOP DPNP BMHP RVF TF QSPEVDF EFTEF MB QSPQJB FYQFSJFODJB RVF QFS NJUFWFSMBZDPNQBSUJSMB -BTFHVOEBPCSB EF #VOLBOP)BLP-BDBKBEFMBDVMUVSB TFIJ[PFO +BQwO 'JHTB -PTGPOEPTEFMFODBSHP RVFOPBMDBO[BCBOQBSBVO NVTFP TFEFTUJOBSPOBMBDPOTUSVDDJwOEFWBSJPTSFDJOUPTVCJDBEPTFO BMUVSB FOEJTUJOUPTQBJTBKFTMVHBSFTRVFQFSNJUrBO FOVOQSJNFSQJTP FYIJCJS QFRVFvBT PCSBT EF BSUJTUBT MPDBMFT BEFNgT EF SFQPTBS BM BJSF MJCSFBOUFTEFFOUSBS-VFHP QPSVOBFTDBMFSBMBUFSBMBNQMJB TFTVCrBB VOBFTQFDJFEFB[PUFB EPOEFFMNBKFTUVPTPQBJTBKFEFMPTDFSSPTKBQP OFTFTTFQPErBWFSFO0QPOJnOEPTFBMBNPOVNFOUBMJEBEQSPQJB EFMPTNVTFPT BMBEJTUBODJBEFMFTQFDUBEPSSFTQFDUPEFMBTPCSBT UBOUP GrTJDBDPNPDVMUVSBM ZBMBDFSSB[wOSFTQFDUPEFMFOUPSOP FMSFDPSSJEP QSPQVFTUPJOUFHSBCBFMBSUFEFQSPEVDDJwOMPDBMBVOBFYQFSJFODJBEF SFQPTP DPOUFNQMBDJwOZDPNVOJwODPOMBOBUVSBMF[B6OBFYQFSJFODJB BFTDBMBJOEJWJEVBM PEFHSVQPTNVZQFRVFvPT DPOVOBMUPHSBEPEF FTQJSJUVBMJEBEZEFTJMFODJP 1PS |MUJNP Z nTUB FT UBM WF[ VOB EF MBT JNgHFOFT NgT EJGVOEJEBT EF PCSB EF "MGSFEP +BBS FO FM NVOEP 4LPHIBMM ,POTUIBMM FM NVTFP EF 4LPHIBMM VOBQFRVFvBDJVEBEJOEVTUSJBMTVFDB OVFWBZQSgDUJDBNFOUF TJOFTQBDJPTQ|CMJDPT4FUSBUwEFVOQFRVFvPNVTFPIFDIPUBNCJnOFO FOUFSBNFOUFEFQBQFM DPOVOFTRVFMFUPTJNQMFEFNBEFSB 'JHT B &MQSPHSBNBEFMBSUJTUBFYJHJwRVFMPTNBUFSJBMFTEFMNVTFP WJOJFSBOEFMBJOEVTUSJBQBQFMFSBRVFTPTUJFOFMBFDPOPNrBEFMMVHBS RVFFMSFDJOUP VOBWF[DPOTUSVJEP GVFSBTFEFEFVOBFYQPTJDJwOEFUSB CBKPTEFBSUJTUBTKwWFOFTJOWJUBEPTRVFGVFSBJOBVHVSBEPQPSFMBMDBMEF DPOMBQPNQBZMBN|TJDBQSPQJBEFUBMFTDFSFNPOJBT%FCrBTFSBCJFSUP BMQ|CMJDPZ BMUFSDFSErB EFCrBTFSDPOTVNJEPQPSFMGVFHP DPOUPEPT MPT DVJEBEPT EFM DBTP QBSB FWJUBS EBvPT P EFTHSBDJBT " EJGFSFODJB EF MBPCSBIFDIBFO+BQwO DVZPJNQBDUPEFQFOEFSrBEFMVTPRVFMFEJFSB DBEBVOPEFMPTWJTJUBOUFT 4LPHIBMM,POTUIBMMFTUBCBEFTUJOBEBBTFvBMBS BM DPMFDUJWP EF MPT IBCJUBOUFT EFM MVHBS VOB OFDFTJEBE EF MB RVF QSP CBCMFNFOUF OP FTUBCBO DPOTDJFOUFT -BT QSPUFTUBT RVF TF QSPEVKFSPO BOUF MB RVFNB EFM FEJ¾DJP MBT TPMJDJUVEFT EF NBOUFOFSMP FM DBSgDUFS QSPHSBNBEBNFOUFFGrNFSP UFOrBOQPSPCKFUPIBDFSQBUFOUFMBOFDFTJ EBEEFVOFTQBDJPTFNFKBOUFZDSFBSFOUSFMPTDJVEBEBOPTMBTGVFS[BTEF DPPQFSBDJwODBQBDFTEFDPOTFHVJSMP'VFVOPCKFUJWPRVF¾OBMNFOUFTF DVNQMJw ZFMNVTFPEF¾OJUJWPTFDPOTUSVJSgFOMBDJVEBE &TUBTUSFTPCSBTEF"MGSFEP+BBS ZPUSBTRVFQPESrBODPNFOUBSTF EBO RVF QFOTBS BDFSDB EF MB SFMBDJwO FOUSF MB BSRVJUFDUVSB FM BSUF Z MPT NVTFPT)BZFOFMMBTVOBOPDJwOEFFYIJCJSZQFOTBSVOBSUFDFSDBOP B FTDBMB IVNBOB BKFOP B MBT NVMUJUVEFT EFM UVSJTNP BM TUBS TZTUFN
1BMBCSBTDMBWF"MGSFEP+BBS BSUFTWJTVBMFT JOUFSWFODJPOFT JOTUBMBDJPOFT NVTFPT FTQBDJPTEFFYIJCJDJwO
,FZXPSET"MGSFEP+BBS WJTVBMBSUT JOUFSWFOUJPOT JOTUBMMBUJPOT NVTFVNT FYIJCJUJPOTQBDFT
-FDUVSBT3FBEJOHT
&MQFSrPEPEFEJDUBEVSBFO$IJMF UJFOFMVHBSFOUSFZ EVSBOUFFMHPCJFSOPEFMB+VOUB .JMJUBSQSFTJEJEBQPSFMHFOFSBM"V HVTUP1JOPDIFU6HBSUF /EFM&E
7nBTF²"MGSFEP+BBS DPOWFSTBDJPOFT FO$IJMF³FO+""3 4$-&O
FTUFMJCSPTFQSFTFOUBVOBDPNQMFUB JOGPSNBDJwOHSg¾DBTPCSFMBPCSBEFM BSUJTUBIBTUBFTFBvP4VUrUVMPDPS SFTQPOEFBMBJNQPSUBOUFFYQPTJDJwO QSFTFOUBEBFOMB4BMBEF"SUFEFMB 'VOEBDJwO5FMFGwOJDB$IJMF*ODMVZF FOTBZPTTPCSFMBTPCSBTQSFTFOUBEBT FTDSJUPTQPS"ESJBOB7BMEnTZ
B#VOLBOP)BLP +BQwO
B4LPHIBMM,POTUIBMM 4LPHIBMM 4VFDJB
EFTUBDBEPTKwWFOFTDIJMFOPT4BOESB "DDBUJOP 1BCMP$IJVNJOBUUP #SVOP $VOFP "OB.BSrB3JTDPZ3PESJHP ;|vJHB4BMWPDVBOEPTFJOEJDB MBT DJUBTUFYUVBMFTEFMBSUJTUBQSPWJFOFO EFMUFYUPEFMBTDPOWFSTBDJPOFT.gT JOGPSNBDJwOFJNgHFOFTEFTVTPCSBT FOXXXBMGSFEPKBBSOFU
-FDUVSBT3FBEJOHT
1PSFKFNQMP MBPCSB.VTFVN 8BTIJOHUPO JODPSQPSBCBDPO HSBOQVSF[BGPSNBMMBTJNgHFOFTEF MBWJPMFODJBCnMJDBEFFOUPODFT
7FS²$POWFSTBDJPOFTFO$IJMF³ 0QDJU
0USPFKFNQMPOPUBCMF NgTSFDJFOUF FT3FRVJFNGPS-FJQ[JH
7FS'SBNFPG.JOEEFMBvPZ WBSJBTPUSBTQPTUFSJPSFT
7FSFMDBQrUVMPEF+BDRVFT3BO DJoSF ²&MUFBUSPEFMBTJNgHFOFT³ EFMMJCSPEF"MGSFEP+BBS -BQPMrUJDB EFMBTJNgHFOFT cTUFJODMVZF FOTBZPTEF(FPSHFT%JEJ)VCFSNBO +BDRVFT3BODJoSF (SJTFMEB1PMMPDL /JDPMF4DIXFJ[FSZ"ESJBOB7BMEnT
-PTQSJNFSPTDVBUSPTFQVCMJDBSPO QPSQSJNFSBWF[FOGSBODnTZFOJO HMnTFOFMDBUgMPHPEFMBFYQPTJDJwO EF"MGSFEP+BBS-BQPMJUJRVFEFT JNBHFT CBKPMBEJSFDDJwOEF/JDPMF 4DIXFJ[FS FO
B-JHIUTJOUIFDJUZ .POUSFBM $BOBEg
BMDPNFSDJPVOBSUFRVFIBDFFOUSBSMPRVFMBTHBMFSrBTZMPTNVTFPT TVFMFOFYDMVJS6OBSUFRVFTFEFTDVBESBZTFEFTNBSDBEFMBTFYQFDUB UJWBTWJTVBMFTEFMQ|CMJDPFOCVTDBEFVOBSFOPWBDJwOEFMBNJSBEBZEF VOBWJTJCJMJ[BDJwOEFMPRVF FOMBTDPPSEFOBEBTBDUVBMFTEFMPWJTJCMF QFSNBOFDFPDVMUPBMPTPKPT &-"35&:-"4$*6%"%&4*/5&37&/$*0/&4+BBSEFEJDBVOUFSDJPEFTVUJFNQP BMBFOTFvBO[BFOTFNJOBSJPTNVZDPODFOUSBEPTFOEJWFSTBTQBSUFT EFM NVOEP PUSP UFSDJP B MBT PCSBT EFTUJOBEBT B FTQBDJPT EF BSUF Z VO|MUJNPUFSDJPBMBTJOUFSWFODJPOFTQ|CMJDBT-BMJTUBEFDJVEBEFT WJTJUBEBTFTMBSHB#BTUB-JHIUTJOUIFDJUZ -VDFTFOMBDJVEBE
EF FO.POUSFBM QBSBNPTUSBSDwNPVOFMFNFOUPRVFGPSNBQBSUFEFMB JNBHFOZEFMBJEFOUJEBEQ|CMJDBEFMBDJVEBEFTJOUFSWFOJEPQPSFM BSUJTUB QBSB USBOTGPSNBSMP QPS VO UJFNQP FO VOB TFvBM TJNCwMJDB EFBMHPRVFBMMrTVDFEF 'JHTB 4JOFNCBSHPFTVOFMFNFOUP RVF OP FTUg OJ JOUFHSBEP OJ BTVNJEP ZB RVF FO DJFSUP TFOUJEP QFS UVSCBMBJEFOUJEBEFTUBCMFDJEBEFMBDJVEBE &OFMDBTPEF.POUSFBM FMQSPCMFNBBCPSEBEPQPSFMBSUJTUBGVFFMEF ²MBT QFSTPOBT FO TJUVBDJwO EF DBMMF³ DPNP TF EJDF IPZ FO $IJMF %F MBT QPTJCJMJEBEFTRVFMFEBCBFMFODBSHPFTDPHJwUSBCBKBSDPOMBD|QVMB EFMFEJGJDJPEFM.FSDBEP#POTFDPVST EFHSBODBSHBIJTUwSJDBZWJTJCMF EFTEFHSBOQBSUFEFMBDJVEBE$SFwFOMPTBMCFSHVFTOPDUVSOPTVO TJTUFNBRVFQFSNJUrBBMPTIPTQFEBEPT BMMMFHBS MFFSVOBQFRVFvB JOGPSNBDJwOBDFSDBEFMQSPZFDUPZBQSFUBSVOCPUwORVFJMVNJOBCB MBD|QVMBEFTEFEFOUSP DPOVOBMV[SPKBFJNQBDUBOUF-PHSwBTrVO EPCMFPCKFUJWPIBDFSQBUFOUFZWJTJCMF TVDFTJWBNFOUF FMBCBOEPOP EFDBEBVOBEFMBTQFSTPOBTZBEFNgTQSPUFHFSMBJOUJNJEBEEFDBEB VOB TJOBvBEJSBTVTQFOVSJBTMBFTUJHNBUJ[BDJwOTPDJBM&MFGFDUPGVF DPNPTFBQSFDJBFOMPTSFHJTUSPT 'JHTZ
EFVOBSBSBCFMMF[B EFVOTVTQFOTPJORVJFUBOUF&MSJUNPEFMBTMVDFTEFQFOErBEFMPRVF JCBTVDFEJFOEPFODBEBVOPEFMPTBMCFSHVFTFMEJTDVSTPIJQwDSJUB Z TFOTJCMFSP RVF TVFMF BDPNQBvBS Z OFVUSBMJ[BS MBT SFGFSFODJBT B FTUBTTJUVBDJPOFTFOMPTNFEJPTEFDPNVOJDBDJwOTFSFFNQMB[wQPS FMTJMFODJP MBTPSQSFTB MBJORVJFUVEZGJOBMNFOUFMBFNPDJwOTPCSFMB RVF+BBSTVFMFUSBCBKBSDPNPVOFMFNFOUPQPMrUJDPNgT&TEFDJS VO
FMFNFOUPDBQB[EFIBDFSRVFTFUPNFFODVFOUBBMHPRVFOPFTUBCB IBTUBBIPSB JODMVJEPFOMBTDPPSEFOBEBTEFMPWJTJCMF 0USBJOUFSWFODJwONVZEJTUJOUB NVDIPNgTSFDJFOUFZNFOPTDPOP DJEBFTUgFOQSPDFTPEFDPODSFUBSTF4FUSBUBEFVOQSPZFDUPEFSFOP WBDJwOFOMBDJVEBEEF1SFTUPOFO-BODBTIJSF 3FJOP6OJEP BMDVBM TF IB JODPSQPSBEP "MGSFEP +BBS KVOUP BM BSUJTUB Z DVSBEPS $IBSMFT 2VJDL SFTJEFOUF FO MB DJVEBE &O NBS[P EF BNCPT IJDJFSPO VOB QSFTFOUBDJwO Q|CMJDB BDFSDB EF MP RVF QVFEF IBDFS FM BSUF FO VO QSPZFDUP EF SFOPWBDJwO VSCBOB FO FM NBSDP EF VOB JOJDJBUJWB RVFCVTDBJODPSQPSBSBMBSUFOPDPNPVOPSOBNFOUPPVOBEFDPSB DJwO QBSB VO FTQBDJP ZB DSFBEP QPS MPT BSRVJUFDUPT TJOP DPNP VOB EJNFOTJwOQSFTFOUFEFTEFFMPSJHFOEFMQSPZFDUP&ODVBOUPBMUFNB RVF OPT PDVQB BSUF Z BSRVJUFDUVSB TPO SFWFMBEPSBT MBT SFGMFYJPOFT EF +BBS FO FTB JOUFSWFODJwO &O TVT FKFNQMPT DJUw VOB PCSB EF 7JUP "DDPODJVOBJTMBBSUJGJDJBMTPCSFFMSrP.VSFO(SB[ DSFBEBFO DPNPVOFODBSHPEFMBDJVEBE² "SUFPBSRVJUFDUVSBBDBTPJNQPSUB ³TF QSFHVOUw:MBNJTNBQSFHVOUBTFIJ[PTPCSFVOFEJGJDJPRVFDPOTJ EFSwBENJSBCMF5IF-BCBO#VJMEJOHFOMBTBGVFSBTEF-POESFT EFMPT BSRVJUFDUPTTVJ[PT)FS[PHZ%F.FVSPO RVJFOFTUSBCBKBSPOKVOUPBM BSUJTUB.JDIBFM$SBJH.BSUJO&MBSUF TPTUVWP QVFEFJODPSQPSBSTFB VO FOUPSOP ZB IFDIP DPNP FM USBCBKP EF "OJTI ,BQPPS $MPVE (BUF FO$IJDBHP ZMMFHBSBTFSEFMMVHBS4JMPTBSRVJUFDUPTTPOTVGJDJFOUF NFOUFDSFBUJWPT TJSFBMNFOUFMPHSBOUSBOTGPSNBSMBDJVEBE FMBSUF QVFEF FTUBS FO FM FTQBDJP NJTNP TJO OFDFTJEBE EF PUSBT PCSBT &O SFTVNFOFMBSUFQVFEFTFSOBEB ZTFSUPEP-BOBEBEFMBSUFQVFEF TFS UPEP FO MB NFEJEB FO RVF FTUn QSFTFOUF FO MB DPODFQDJwO EFM QSPZFDUP $PNP TF WF FO FTUBT PQJOJPOFT MBT GSPOUFSBT FOUSF BSUF Z BSRVJUFDUVSBTFWVFMWFOUBOGMVJEBTRVFQVFEFOMMFHBSBEFTBQBSFDFS ²-BT PCSBT BJTMBEBT³ EJKP FOUPODFT +BBS ²QPS DJFSUP QVFEFO FTUBS TJ MB BSRVJUFDUVSB MBT OFDFTJUB 1FSP FT QPTJCMF RVF OP MBT OFDFTJUF³ &T QPTJCMF FOUPODFT ZFTUBMWF[MBBQVFTUBEFFTUFQSPZFDUP DSFBSVOBBSRVJUFD UVSBRVFQSPEV[DBQPSTrNJTNBMPTFGFDUPTRVFTFMFQVFEFOQFEJSBM BSUF +BBSZ2VJDL
"326*5&$563" 1"3" -"4 *.Ç(&/&4 &O NVDIBT EF MBT JOTUBMBDJPOFT EF
-FDUVSBT3FBEJOHT
(FPSHFT%JEJ)VCFSNBO ²-BFNP DJwOOPEJDF´ZPµ³0QDJU Q
+BDRVFT3BODJoSF ²&MUFBUSPEF MBTJNgHFOFT³0QDJU Q
)BTJEPFYQVFTUPFO)PVTUPO &&66#SJHIUPOZ-POESFT 3FJOP 6OJEPZ-BVTBOOF 4VJ[B
(SJTFMEB1PMMPDL ²4JOPMWJEBS ÇGSJDB³ 0QDJU Q
B5IFTPVOEPGTJMFODF
"MGSFEP+BBS MBBSRVJUFDUVSBFTUgNVZQSFTFOUFTFDPOGJHVSBOFTQB DJPT SFDPSSJEPTZUJFNQPT TFNBOFKBMBQSFTFODJBEFMBMV[ZEFMPT SFGMFKPT TF DPOTUSVZF VO SFDJOUP IFDIP QBSB TPSQSFOEFS Z NPEJGJ DBS MB QFSDFQDJwO EF MBT JNgHFOFT QSFTFOUBEBT 5PEP FTUP TF IBDF OFDFTBSJPQBSBFMBSUJTUBEFCJEPBDwNPQFSDJCFMBDPOEJDJwOEFMBT JNgHFOFTFOMBDVMUVSBBDUVBMOPMBEFDVBMRVJFSJNBHFO TJOPTPCSF UPEPMBTEFMBTJNgHFOFTEFMTVGSJNJFOUPFYUSFNP QBOEFDBEBErB FOEJBSJPTZOPUJDJBSJPTEFUFMFWJTJwO TPCSFMBTRVFMPTPKPTTFEFTMJ [BODPOSBQJEF[ZOPUPSJBJOEJGFSFODJB"OUFFTUP EJDFFMBSUJTUB ²NF IB QBSFDJEP OFDFTBSJP DSFBS VOB QVFTUB FO FTDFOB QBSB NJT JNgHFOFT VO FOUPSOP EFOUSP EFM DVBM QVFEBO MMFHBS B UFOFS TFOUJEP Z BGFDUBS BM Q|CMJDP .FQBSFDFRVFTJOFTUFFOUPSOPQSPUFDUPS NJTJNgHFOFTOPTPCSFWJWJSrBO 1JFOTPRVFFTJOEJTQFOTBCMFSFEVDJSMBWFMPDJEBE DPOUFYUVBMJ[BSZFONBSDBS DBEBJNBHFOBEFDVBEBNFOUFBGJOEFRVFBERVJFSBTFOUJEPZOPQVFEBTFS EFKBEBEFMBEP³ +BBS
-BBSRVJUFDUVSB FOUPODFT FTFOMBTPCSBTVOFMFNFOUPEFNPO UBKF Z EF QVFTUB FO FTDFOB EF MBT JNgHFOFT ²/P TwMP FM FODVBESF FT QPMrUJDP $BEBFMFDDJwOGPSNBM SFQFSDVUF FOMBSFMBDJwODPOFM BDPOUFDJNJFOUPZMBIJTUPSJB³ -BTFMFDDJPOFTJNQMrDJUBTTPOFTUnUJ DBT QFSPUBNCJnONgTRVFFTP+BBSTVFMFDJUBSFOTVTFOUSFWJTUBT VOB GSBTF EF +FBO-VD (PEBSE ²QVFEF RVF IBZB RVF FMFHJS FOUSF MB nUJDB Z MB FTUnUJDB QFSP MP DJFSUP FT RVF TJ FMFHJNPT VOB EF FMMBT OPT IBMMBSFNPTBMGJOBMEFMDBNJOPDPOMBPUSB³ -PTFKFNQMPTTPONVDIPTFOMBPCSBEFFTUFBSUJTUB1PSSB[POFTEF FTQBDJP OPT MJNJUBSFNPT B VO USBCBKP SFDJFOUF 5IF TPVOE PG TJMFODF EF 'JHTB $POTUSVZFBMMrVO²EJTQPTJUJWPFTQBDJPUFNQPSBM EFWJTJwO³ VOFTQBDJPDFSSBEP BMRVFTwMPTFQVFEFFOUSBS DPNPFO FM UFBUSP BM DPNJFO[P EF MB GVODJwO )BZ RVF TFHVJS EVSBOUF PDIP NJOVUPTVOEFTBSSPMMPUFNQPSBM DPOQPDBTQBMBCSBTRVFWBOBQBSF DJFOEP FOTJMFODJP TPCSFVOBQBOUBMMBOFHSB ZFOMBTRVFTFSFQJUF ²,FWJO³ &M FTQFDUBEPS WB TBCJFOEP RVF TF USBUB EFM GPUwHSBGP ,FWJO $BSUFS RVJFOPCUVWPFM1SFNJP1VMJU[FSQPSMBJNBHFOEFVOBOJvB BGSJDBOBEFTOVEBZGBNnMJDB TPCSFMBRVFTFDJFSOFOMBTBMBTEFVO CVJUSF$BSUFSQPDPEFTQVnTTFTVJDJEw-BGPUPNJTNBTwMPTFWFQPS
FMUJFNQPRVFEVSBVOGMBTIZVOBWF[RVFFMFTQFDUBEPSIBSFEVDJEP TVWFMPDJEBE IBDPOPDJEPMBIJTUPSJBFOGSBTFTMBDwOJDBTZDBSHBEBT TF FTQFSB FOUPODFT RVF FTB CSFWF WJTJwO JOTUBOUgOFB TFB DBQB[ EF SFTUJUVJS B MB JNBHFO TV DBSgDUFS EF TIPDL B MB WF[ FTUnUJDP Z nUJDP -BIJTUPSJBEFFTBOJvBOPFYJTUF OBEJFTBCFRVnGVFEFFMMB-BEFMB JNBHFOTrTFDPOPDF TVUSgOTJUPQPSUPEBTMBTQPSUBEBTEFMNVOEP TVUSBOTGPSNBDJwOFOrDPOPNFEJgUJDP TVBSDIJWPFOUSFMBTQPTFTJP OFT EF #JMM (BUFT 6OB BVUPSB IBCMB FO FM JOUFOUP EF FTUB PCSB EF DPSFPHSBGrBBSRVJUFDUwOJDBZEFEVSnFDJOFNBUPHSgGJDBSFTJTUJSMBUSgHJDB CBOBMJ[BDJwO EF MBT JNgHFOFT EFM TVGSJNJFOUP MB QBSBEPKB EF VOB DPNVOJDBDJwO RVF BEPSNFDF Z FWJUB DVBMRVJFS FNPDJwO QPMrUJDB DVBMRVJFSQSgDUJDBEFEJTFOTPPEFSFTJTUFODJB &TVOJOUFOUPRVFTFIBIFDIPVOBZPUSBWF[ DPOEJTUJOUPTNFEJPT Z GPSNBUPT FO MB USBZFDUPSJB BSUrTUJDB EF "MGSFEP +BBS VO BSRVJUFDUP RVF IBDF BSUF FO TVT QSPQJBT QBMBCSBT $BCF QFOTBS RVF TV PCSB BM NFOPTFOQBSUF TFEJGFSFODJBUBOUPEFMBEFTVTDPOUFNQPSgOFPTFO $IJMFQPSTVDBQBDJEBEEFQFOTBSFMBSUFEFVOBNBOFSBNgTBNQMJB Z HFOFSPTB NgT JOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSJB -B BSRVJUFDUVSB Z FM DJOF BIPSB |MUJNP MB N|TJDB UBNCJnO FTUgO QSFTFOUFT FO MBT PCSBT EFTEF FM NPNFOUPNJTNPFORVFDPNJFO[BBQFOTBSFOFMMBTZDPOUSJCVZFO QPEFSPTBNFOUFBDPOGJHVSBSTVQSgDUJDBZTVNJSBEB #JCMJPHSBGrB "" 77+BBS4$-&EJDJPOFT"DUBS #BSDFMPOB +BBS "MGSFEP ²#MPXVQ³"32/ $JOFZGPUPHSBGrB&EJDJPOFT"32 4BOUJBHP BCSJM EF+BBS "MGSFEP*UJTEJGGJDVMU5FOZFBST&EJDJPOFT"DUBS #BSDF MPOB +BBS "MGSFEP-BQPMrUJDBEFMBTJNgHFOFT&EJDJPOFT.FUBMFT 1FTBEPT 4BOUJBHP +BBS "MGSFEP-BQPMJUJRVFEFTJNBHFT $BUg MPHPFYQPTJDJwO.VTnF$BOUPOBMEFM#FBVY"SUT -BVTBOOFcEJUJPOT +313JOHJFS ;VSJDI +BBS "MGSFEP Z $IBSMFT 2VJDL &YUSBDUT GSPN 1SFTFOUBUJPO 6OJWFSTJUZ PG $FOUSBM -BODBTIJSF EF NBS[P EF IUUQXXXZPVUVCFDPNXBUDI W3@V7:%CP[2 /JOBDT "OOF.BSJF-FTPVDJEVEPDVNFOU -FNPJTEFMBQIPUPB.POUSnBM &EJUPSJBM7PY .POUSFBM