A multigranular spatiotemporal data model

July 10, 2017 | Autor: Michela Bertolotto | Categoría: Data Management, Data Model, Spatial Data, Spatiotemporal Databases, Geographic Information System, GIS
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A Multigranular Spatiotemporal Data Model Elena Camossi



Michela Bertolotto

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Elisa Bertino

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ABSTRACT

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Categories and Subject Descriptors

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Giovanna Guerrini



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