Quaternary International xxx (2015) 1e8
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Did Amphistegina lobifera Larsen reach the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal? e € Oner Engin Meriç a, M. Baki Yokes¸ b, *, Niyazi Avs¸ar c, Nafiye Güneç Kıyak d, Ertug , h € an Demirtas¸lı f, Feyza Dinçer g, Muhammed Zeynel Oztürk Atike Nazik c, Erdog _ €y, Istanbul, Moda Hüseyin Bey Sokak, No: 15/4, 34710 Kadıko Turkey _ €lümü, Istanbul, Haliç Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Moleküler Biyoloji Ve Genetik Bo Turkey c i Bo €lümü, Adana, Turkey Çukurova Üniversitesi, Mühendislik- Mimarlık Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendislig d _ €lümü, Istanbul, Is¸ık Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bo Turkey e _ rafya Bo €lümü, Izmir, Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Cog Turkey f Geopet Ltd. S¸ti., Ankara, Turkey g i Bo €lümü, Nevs¸ehir, Turkey Nevs¸ehir Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendislig h de Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Cog rafya Bo €lümü, Nig de, Turkey Nig a
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It has been accepted by many researchers that Amphistegina lobifera Larsen migrated to the Mediterranean Sea via Suez Canal like many other Indo-Pacific originated foraminifers and organisms. This idea was also supported in the studies performed on the Turkish Aegean and Mediterranean coast in the last ten years, due to the discovery of alien benthic foraminifers. However, during field research in the Akkuyu (Mersin) region, a rich benthic foraminifera assemblage was found in the sediment samples, in which Amphistegina lobifera Larsen was abundant. In the present study, when and how Amphistegina lobifera Larsen migrated to the Mediterranean was investigated. Most of the Amphistegina lobifera Larsen individuals observed are found to show similar morphological characteristics with recent samples collected from Turkish coastline, which at first indicated that the individuals from Akkuyu might also be of Holocene age, but the OSL method produced dates of 227.3 ± 17.8, 87.7 ± 9.6 and 6.0 ± 0.6 ka. These ages are Middle Pleistocene, Late Pleistocene and Holocene. In one sample, aged 427.5 ± 29.4 ka, Spiroloculina antillarum d'Orbigny, which was suggested to be introduced to Mediterranean via the Suez Canal, was found together with Articulina carinata Wiesner. The presence of Spiroloculina antillarum d'Orbigny with Amphistegina lobifera Larsen together with in an other sample, aged 227.3 ± 17.8 ka, indicates that these foraminifers have been introduced to the Mediterranean in Middle Pleistocene and they might have been living in the Eastern Mediterranean since then. As a result, these age data show that Amphistegina lobifera Larsen individuals did not migrate to the eastern Mediterranean via the Suez Canal which was opened in 1869, but much earlier than that via a different natural water way connecting Indo-Pacific to the Eastern Mediterranean. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Mediterranean Amphistegina lobifera Larsen Indo-Pacific Suez Canal OSL
1. Introductıon The species of Amphistegina are found in tropical and subtropical parts of the oceans (Langer and Hottinger, 2000). Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny and A. lobifera Larsen are widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, including Red Sea (McCulloch, 1977; Hatta and
* Corresponding author. E-mail address:
[email protected] (M.B. Yokes¸).
Ujiie, 1992; Hottinger et al., 1993; Loeblich and Tappan, 1994). Both species have also been recorded in the Mediterranean shallow habitats, but it is distributed mainly in the eastern part (Weinmann et al., 2013). In the Mediterranean, A. lobifera Larsen is more abundant than A. lessonii d'Orbigny, and the westernmost limits of A. lobifera is Malta (Yokes¸ et al., 2007) and Pelagian Island (Sicily) (Caruso and Cosentino, 2014). Many Indo-Pacific originated marine species have been introduced to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal, and most of them have also been reported from Turkey (Çınar et al., 2011).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.088 1040-6182/© 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
Please cite this article in press as: Meriç, E., et al., Did Amphistegina lobifera Larsen reach the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal?, Quaternary International (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.088
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