Weber, Max - Encyclopedia Entry

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The biography of Weber, a member of a cosmopolitan family with some deeply religious members, may have inspired his main thesis: Protestantism influenced the rise of " modern capitalism, " a Western development that he considered of worldwide significance. In his attempt to identify the impact of religion on economic life, Weber analyzed the religiously rooted life-conduct (Lebensführung) of socially relevant groups in different civilizations, emphasizing the economic consequences of religious behavior. According to him, the members of certain Protestant sects experienced an incentive towards a rational, restrained attitude that firmly favored economic success through God-blessed work in one's own calling (Beruf). A comparison of religious ethics in major civilizations showed that rational prophecies were crucial in breaking away from magic beliefs, because they frequently led to broadly rational norms that believers observed to reach salvation. His implicitly anthropological explanation was that individuals resort to religious thinking to rationalize injustice and suffering. Weber opened up several paths for contemporary social thinkers concerned with the paradoxes of rationalization in modern, capitalist societies.
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