Home
Search
Collections
Journals
About
Contact us
My IOPscience
Determining Ecological Status of Two Coastal Waters in Western Java using Macrozoobenthic Community: A Comparison between North Part and South Part
This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 54 012071 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/54/1/012071) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 112.215.63.19 This content was downloaded on 15/02/2017 at 01:37 Please note that terms and conditions apply.
You may also be interested in: A tool for assessing ecological status of forest ecosystem Abd Rahman Kassim, Muhammad Afizzul Misman, Mohd Azahari Faidi et al. Assessing the ecological status of the Cisadane River’s headwaters using benthic macroinvertebrates M Krisanti, Y Wardiatno and Y M Anzani Spatial modelling of land use/cover change (LUCC) in South Tangerang City, Banten K Saifullah, B Barus and E Rustiadi The complexity nature of large-scale software systems Yan Dong, Qi Guo-Ning and Gu Xin-Jian MJO modulation on diurnal rainfall over West Java during pre-monsoon and strong El Niño periods E Yulihastin, Trismidianto, H Satyawardhana et al. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Sea Surface Salinity in Coastal Waters of China Based on Aquarius Ying Wang, Hong Jiang, Xiuying Zhang et al. Spatial change analysis of paddy cropping pattern using MODIS time series imagery in Central Java Muhammad Arif Fatoni, Kreshna Dwi Nugroho, Alvin Fatikhunnada et al. Modelling of land use change in Indramayu District, West Java Province L D W Handayani, M A Tejaningrum and F Damrah Comparison between remote-sensing-based drought indices in East Java Luisa Febrina Amalo, Rahmat Hidayat and Haris
LISAT IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 54 (2017) 012071
IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/54/1/012071
International Conference on Recent Trends in Physics 2016 (ICRTP2016) IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 755 (2016) 011001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/011001
Determining Ecological Status of Two Coastal Waters in Western Java using Macrozoobenthic Community: A Comparison between North Part and South Part Y Wardiatno, Y Qonita, Mursalin, R Zulmi, H Effendi, M Krisanti, A Mashar, S Hariyadi, AA Hakim, A Sahidin, B Widigdo and S Nursiyamah Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia E-mail:
[email protected] Abstract. The main problem of coastal waters in Indonesia is generally caused by anthropogenic activities that promoting the accumulation of organic matters in sediments. It was well-known that organic matters in sediment might influence the macrozoobenthic communities. AMBI and M-AMBI are two recent developed indices which could be used to evaluate the health of soft bottom macrozoobenthic community and their ecological quality status. This present study was aimed to compare and evaluate the ecological status of macrozoobenthic communities in Tangerang coast (northern part of Java) and Palabuhanratu Bay (southern part of Java) based on AMBI and M-AMBI indices. This study was conducted in April-May 2013 in Tangerang coastal area, and in May 2016 in Palabuhanratu Bay. There are 18 sampling sites in the Tangerang coast, and 30 sampling sites in Palabuhanratu Bay. The results showed that the disturbance level of macrozoobenthos community in Palabuhanratu Bay based on AMBI analysis ranged from undisturbed to slightly disturbed, while in Tangerang coastal waters ranged from undisturbed to moderate disturbed. Ecological quality status based on the M-AMBI ranged from poor to high for both locations. The AMBI and M-AMBI indices showed that benthic environment in Palabuhanratu Bay was ecologically better than that inTangerang coastal waters.
1. Introduction The main problems of coastal waters in Indonesia are generally caused by anthropogenic activities. Some anthropogenic activities (e.g. industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, shellfish aquaculture, oil and gas industry and marine transportation, etc.) are believed to promote the accumulation of organic matters in sediments. The organic matters in the sediments are well proved to play an important role in benthic communities affecting the trophic structure and biomass [1]. Many studies showed that benthic organisms were very powerful as bio-indicators of the environmental conditions, since benthos had a measurable response to natural environmental disturbances or human activity [25]. Several indices have been developed to evaluate the health of the aquatic environment based on benthic communities, such as the Norwegian Classification Tool [6], AMBI [7], and Bentix [8], etc. AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), one of marine biotic indices, has been applied broadly across the globe. The index was successfully used in Spain [7, 9, 10], China [11-12], Southern California [13], Uruguay [14], and Slovenia [15].
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
LISAT IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 54 (2017) 012071
IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/54/1/012071
Borja et al. [7] who developed the index, strongly recommended the application of AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) to evaluate benthic community response as a result of natural environment changes and anthropogenic pressures. This index can classify the level of disturbance or pollution in a region based on the level of health of the benthic community [16]. Assessment of AMBI index is based on the distribution and abundance of five ecological groups of macro-benthos [17] related to its sensitivity to the environmental pressure. Furthermore, evaluation by Borja et al. [9] showed the usefulness of the index for evaluating benthic community health due to different impact resources, for example the impact of organic enrichment, physical changes in habitat, the input of heavy metals, etc., along the coasts of Europe. Although AMBI has been widely implemented in various coastal areas with different sources of pressures, yet it must be careful to use a single index for all systems due to the complexity of benthic communities and diversity of benthic environment gradients [18]. Therefore, Muxika et al. [19] suggested the use of M-AMBI to assess ecological status of benthic communities instead. M-AMBI is Multivariate- AZTI Marine Biotic Index, which is an integration of the Shannon diversity index, richness and AMBI into a multivariate approach. Benthic ecological status assessment is essential considering the increase of anthropogenic activities over time as a result of the waste load into coastal areas. Coastal waters on the northern and southern part of Java have been affected by anthropogenic activities. Nevertheless, the south and north coastal of Java have different characteristics of bathymetry and oceanography as well as the impact resources. Palabuhanratu Bay, situated in south coast of Java is semi-closed waters with less sources of impact due to anthropogenic or industrial activities. Meanwhile, the northern part, particularly the Tangerang coastal waters is an open coastal area experiencing high anthropogenic pressures [20], from industrial activities, power plants, farms and residential of the mainland. The study was aimed to compare and evaluate the ecological status of macrobenthic communities in Tangerang coastal waters and Palabuhanratu Bay based on AMBI and M-AMBI indices. 2. Methods 2.1. Sampling Tangerang Coastal is an open coastal waters located in the northern part of Java, precisely in the West Java area. Tangerang coastal waters is considered suffered from high pressure due to the increasing anthropogenic activities over years. The anthropogenic sources comes from industrial areas, residential, power plant, transportation, etc [20]. Palabuhanratu Bay is semi-enclosed waters located in the south of Java. The water body also has been affected by anthropogenic pressures due to tourism and residential activities. There is also a power plant constructed recently in the bay as a source of, at least, thermal polltion. The bay area is the largest bay on the south coast of Java and the wave conditioan is rough since it is directly facing Indian Ocean. This study was conducted in April-May 2013 in Tangerang coastal area, and in May 2016 in Palabuhanratu Bay. There are 18 sampling sites in the Tangerang coast, and 30 sampling sites in Palabuhanratu Bay. Macrozoobenthos was collected by a van Veen Grab (13x26 cm). The macrozoobenthos samples were then screened using 1 mm sieve and preserved in 10% formalin. Fig. 1 showed the map of study sites. 2.2. Data Analysis Assessment of disturbance level of the macrozoobenthos community structure and determination of the ecological status was performed through a calculation using the AZTI Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) and M-AMBI. This biotic indices classified the type of macrozoobenthos on the sampling sites into five ecological groups (Ecological Group/EG) based on their sensitivity to pollutants [7]. Grall and Glemarec [17] described the five ecological groups of macrozoobenthos. Group I consists of species which is very sensitive to organic enrichment and present under unpolluted conditions (initial state). Group II consists of species which is indifferent to enrichment, always present in low densities with non-significant variations with time (from initial state to slight unbalance). Group III consists of
2
LISAT IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 54 (2017) 012071
IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/54/1/012071
species which is tolerant to excess organic matter enrichment. These species may occur under normal conditions, but their populations are stimulated by organic enrichment (slight unbalance situations). Group IV consists of species which is second-order opportunistic species (slight to pronounced unbalanced situations). Group V consists of species which is first-order opportunistic species (pronounced unbalanced situations). AMBI index is calculated with the formula below [7] [16].
0 %
1.5 %
3 % 100
4.5 %
6 %
Figure 1. Study area of macrobenthos sampling sites in western Java, i.e. Tangerang Coastal waters (north part) and Palabuhanratu Bay (south part). AMBI value indicate the level of environmental disruption of benthic habitat. After obtaining the value of AMBI, a multivariate analysis (M-AMBI) was required to measure the ecological status of the benthic environment [19]. M-AMBI calculation involves values of diversity index (ShannonWiener index), species richness, and AMBI index. The level of disturbance and ecological quality status were summarized in Table 1. Table 1. AMBI value and M-AMBI value associate with disturbance classification and ecological status [7, 21, 22]. Ecological Quality Disturbance M-AMBI AMBI Status classification 0.00.77 High 1.2
