“Transformaciones culturales y procesos de patrimonialización de un ritual festivo: el caso del Cascamorras (Granada)”. En Lugares, Tiempos, Memorias: La Antropología Ibérica en el siglo XXI. Diaz Viana, L. Fernández Álvarez, O. Tomé Martín, P. (coords). Universidad de León. 2011

September 8, 2017 | Autor: Francisco Ruiz Ruiz | Categoría: Ethnography, Patrimonio Cultural, Etnografía, Patrimonio cultural inmaterial
Share Embed


Descripción

TRANSFORMACIONES CULTURALES Y PROCESOS DE PATRIMONIALIZACIÓN EN UN RITUAL FESTIVO: EL CASO DEL CASCAMORRAS (GRANADA) -XDQGH'LRV/ySH]/ySH] 8QLYHUVLGDGGH*UDQDGD -RVp)UDQFLVFR5XL]5XL] &RQVHMHUtDGH&XOWXUD-XQWDGH$QGDOXFtD 1. INTRODUCCIÓN (O&DVFDPRUUDVHVXQRGHORVULWXDOHVIHVWLYRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHODSURYLQFLDGH*UDQDGD7LHQHOXJDUHQWUHORVGtDV\GHVHSWLHPEUHHQODVORFDOLGDGHVGH*XDGL[\%D]D ODV FXDOHV JXDUGDQ HQWUH Vt FLHUWD ULYDOLGDG KLVWyULFD TXH FDGD DxR DOFDQ]D VX Pi[LPD H[SUHVLyQFRQODFHOHEUDFLyQGHO&DVFDPRUUDV$VSHFWRVFRPRHODUUDLJRKLVWyULFRGHOD ¿HVWDDVtFRPRORVPHFDQLVPRVLGHQWLWDULRVTXHVXE\DFHQDVXFHOHEUDFLyQHQWUHRWURV FRQYLHUWHQ DO &DVFDPRUUDV HQ XQR GH ORV HOHPHQWRV PiV VREUHVDOLHQWHV GHO SDWULPRQLR LQPDWHULDOJUDQDGLQR\DQGDOX]3RUHOORHOULWXDOKDVLGRPRWLYRGHLQWHUpVGHQXPHURVRV DXWRUHV\DGPLQLVWUDFLRQHVFRPROD&RQVHMHUtDGH&XOWXUDGHOD-XQWDGH$QGDOXFtDTXH DFWXDOPHQWHUHDOL]DORVWUiPLWHVQHFHVDULRVSDUDODLQVFULSFLyQGHOULWXDOHQHO&DWiORJR *HQHUDOGHO3DWULPRQLR+LVWyULFR$QGDOX] &*3+$ FRQOD¿JXUDGH$FWLYLGDGGH,QWHUpV(WQROyJLFR (OREMHWRGHODSUHVHQWHFRPXQLFDFLyQHVDQDOL]DUHO&DVFDPRUUDVFRPRULWXDOIHVWLYRDVt FRPRHOSURFHVRPLVPRGHSDWULPRQLDOL]DFLyQLQVWLWXFLRQDOHQHOTXHVHKD\DLQFXUVRDO DPSDURGHOD/H\GH3DWULPRQLR+LVWyULFRGH$QGDOXFtD6HSUHWHQGHDQDOL]DU HVSHFLDOPHQWHODVLPSOLFDFLRQHVGHGLFKRUHFRQRFLPLHQWRVREUHODSURSLDDFWLYLGDGDVt FRPRODLGRQHLGDGGHOUpJLPHQGHWXWHODTXHHVWDEOHFHODOH\SDUDODSUHVHUYDFLyQ GHHVWHHOHPHQWRGHOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDO3DUDHOORVHH[SRQHDFRQWLQXDFLyQXQEUHYH UHSDVRGHOFRQWH[WRMXUtGLFRGHOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDOHQ$QGDOXFtDTXHDFODUHHOPRPHQWRHQHOTXHVHHQFXHQWUDODFXHVWLyQ'HVSXpVVHDSRUWDQDOJXQRVGDWRVHWQRJUi¿FRV VREUHHO&DVFDPRUUDVTXHMXVWL¿FDQVXUHFRQRFLPLHQWRFRPRSDUWHGHOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDODQGDOX])LQDOPHQWHVHSUHVHQWDQDOJXQDVUHÀH[LRQHVVREUHORVHIHFWRVSUiFWLFRVGH ODLQVFULSFLyQHQHO&*3+$GHHOHPHQWRVGHOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDO\VREUHODDGHFXDFLyQGHODVKHUUDPLHQWDVOHJDOHVDFWXDOHVSDUDODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHGLFKRSDWULPRQLR 2. EL MARCO JURÍDICO DEL PATRIMONIO INMATERIAL DE ANDALUCÍA. EVOLUCIÓN Y ESTADO ACTUAL

/DSULPHUDUHIHUHQFLDDOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDOTXHDSDUHFHHQORVWH[WRVOHJDOHVGHDSOLFDFLyQHQ$QGDOXFtDHVHQOD/H\GHGH-XQLRGH3DWULPRQLR+LVWyULFR(VSDxRO(QHOODODFXHVWLyQGHOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDOD~QQRDSDUHFHFRQHVWDGHQRPLQDFLyQ DXQTXHVHUHFRQRFHTXHH[LVWHQFLHUWDVSUiFWLFDV\FRVWXPEUHVGLJQDVGHFRQVLGHUDFLyQ SDWULPRQLDO'HKHFKRHVWHWLSRGHHOHPHQWRVVHHQWLHQGHQHQHOWH[WROHJDOHVWUHFKDPHQWH YLQFXODGRVDO3DWULPRQLR(WQRJUi¿FR\QRFRPRXQDHQWLGDGHQVtPLVPD(QVXWtWXOR9, VREUHHO3DWULPRQLR(WQRJUi¿FRHODUWtFXORHVWDEOHFHTXH³IRUPDQSDUWHGHO3DWULPRQLR+LVWyULFR(VSDxROORVELHQHVPXHEOHVHLQPXHEOHV\ORVFRQRFLPLHQWRV\DFWLYLGDGHV TXHVRQRKDQVLGRH[SUHVLyQUHOHYDQWHGHODFXOWXUDWUDGLFLRQDOGHOSXHEORHVSDxROHQ VXVDVSHFWRVPDWHULDOHVVRFLDOHVRHVSLULWXDOHV´(ODUWtFXORVLJXLHQWHD¿UPDTXHGLFKDV SUiFWLFDVSRGUiQJR]DUGHSURWHFFLyQDGPLQLVWUDWLYDSULRUL]DQGRDTXHOODVHQSHOLJURGH GHVDSDUHFHU

1517

$XQTXHODOH\HVWDWDOQRGH¿QHPXFKRPiVHQFXDQWRDODPDWHULDOL]DFLyQSUiFWLFDGHOD SURWHFFLyQGHODVDFWLYLGDGHV\WDPSRFROOHJDDGH¿QLUXQD¿JXUDHVSHFt¿FDSDUDHVWHWLSR GHELHQHVVtVXSRQHXQSULPHUUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODVPLVPDVFRPRHOHPHQWRVSDWULPRQLDOHVTXHVHUYLUiFRPRSXQWRGHUHIHUHQFLDSDUDODVOHJLVODFLRQHVYHQLGHUDV 6HLVDxRVGHVSXpVHVDSUREDGDOD/H\GHGH-XOLRGH3DWULPRQLR+LVWyULFRGH $QGDOXFtD TXH HQ UHODFLyQ DO SDWULPRQLR LQPDWHULDO LQWURGXFLUi SRFDV YDULDFLRQHV FRQ UHVSHFWRDODOH\WDQWRDQLYHOGHFRQFHSWRFRPRHQORUHODWLYRDODSULRULGDG TXHWHQGUiQODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHFODUDGDVGHFDUDDVXHVWXGLRGLIXVLyQ\REWHQFLyQGHVXEYHQFLRQHV DVt FRPR OD QHFHVLGDG GH DWHQGHU DTXHOODV TXH VH HQFXHQWUHQ HQ SHOLJUR GH GHVDSDULFLyQ (O5HJODPHQWRGH3URWHFFLyQ\)RPHQWRGHO3DWULPRQLR+LVWyULFRGH$QGDOXFtDGH TXHGHVDUUROODODOH\DQWHULRUVtDSRUWDDOJXQRVDYDQFHVLQWHUHVDQWHVHQUHODFLyQDOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDO\FyPRHVSRVLEOHHVWDEOHFHUFLHUWDVHVWUDWHJLDVGHSUHVHUYDFLyQ3RU XQDSDUWHVHHVWDEOHFHOD¿JXUDGH$FWLYLGDGGH,QWHUpV(WQROyJLFRFRPRXQDGHODVTXH FRPSRQHQHO&*3+$HVSHFLDOPHQWHKDELOLWDGDSDUDODFDWDORJDFLyQGHODVDFWLYLGDGHV UHOHYDQWHVGHOSXHEORDQGDOX]3RURWUDSDUWHGH¿QHODQHFHVLGDGGHTXHORVHVSDFLRVTXH VLUYDQGHVRSRUWHDODVDFWLYLGDGHVVHDQFRQVLGHUDGRVFRPRSDUWHGHODPLVPDDVtFRPR ORV ELHQHV PXHEOHV TXH IRUPHQ SDUWH GH OD SURSLD DFWLYLGDG$GHPiV HO DUWtFXOR  HVWDEOHFHTXH³HOSODQHDPLHQWRXUEDQtVWLFRGHEHUiSHUPLWLU\HQORSRVLEOHIRPHQWDUOD FRQWLQXLGDGGHDFWLYLGDGHV\PDQLIHVWDFLRQHVGHLQWHUpVHWQROyJLFRDWUDYpVGHODDGHFXDGDFDOL¿FDFLyQGHWHUUHQRVODUHJXODFLyQGHXVRVODFUHDFLyQGHGRWDFLRQHVS~EOLFDV DVtFRPRFXDOTXLHURWUDPHGLGDTXHHVWLPHQHFHVDULD´&RQHOORVHFRQVLJXHHVWDEOHFHU XQDVHULHGHQRUPDV\FRQFHSWRVFDGDYH]PiVFRQFUHWRVTXHSUHWHQGHQDSUHKHQGHUOD HVSHFLDOFDVXtVWLFDTXHSUHVHQWDHOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDO /DYLJHQWHOH\GHGH1RYLHPEUHGH3DWULPRQLR+LVWyULFRGH$QGDOXFtDFRQWLQ~DFRQVLGHUDQGRODVDFWLYLGDGHV\RWUDVH[SUHVLRQHVFXOWXUDOHVFRPRSDUWHGHO3DWULPRQLR(WQROyJLFR,QWURGXFHDOJXQDVQRYHGDGHVFRPRODSRVLELOLGDGGHLQFOXLUORVHVSDFLRV GRQGHpVWDVWLHQHQOXJDUHQHO,QYHQWDULRGH%LHQHV5HFRQRFLGRVGHO3DWULPRQLR+LVWyULFR $QGDOX]DXQTXHQRVHHQFXHQWUHQGHFODUDGDV DUWtFXOR 7DPELpQGH¿QHDOJXQRVDVSHFWRVVREUHORVWUiPLWHVDUHDOL]DUGXUDQWHODLQVWUXFFLyQGHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGHLQVFULSFLyQGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVHQHO&*3+$ DUWtFXOR DVtFRPRODDSOLFDFLyQGHOUpJLPHQGH WXWHODGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHFODUDGDVDORVHVSDFLRV\ELHQHVPXHEOHVGRQGHVHGHVDUUROODQ DUWtFXOR 1RREVWDQWHORVFDPELRVTXHLQWURGXFHODOH\FRQUHVSHFWRDODOH\ GHO\DOUHJODPHQWRGHVRQSRFRV$FWXDOPHQWHHVWiHQUHGDFFLyQHOUHJODPHQWR FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODQXHYDOH\TXHGHEHUiFRQFUHWDUPXFKRVGHVXVDVSHFWRVHQWUHHOORV ORVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQHOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDO $ODPSDURGHODOHJLVODFLyQDQWHULRUPHQWHFLWDGDVHKDQGHFODUDGRSRUOD&RQVHMHUtDGH &XOWXUDGHOD-XQWDGH$QGDOXFtDXQWRWDOGHFLQFR$FWLYLGDGHVGH,QWHUpV(WQROyJLFRHQ $QGDOXFtD/DPiVDQWLJXDOD³&DUSLQWHUtDGH5LEHUDGH&RULDGHO5tR´ 6HYLOOD VHGHFODUyHQHODxR'HVSXpVIXHOD³&DUSLQWHUtDGH5LEHUDGHODSOD\DGH3HGUHJDOHMR´ 0iODJD HQHO'XUDQWHHODxRKDQVLGRGHFODUDGDVODV³'DQ]DV5LWXDOHV0DVFXOLQDV´\OD³&DEDOJDWDGH5H\HVGH+LJXHUDGHOD6LHUUD´DPEDVHQ+XHOYDDVtFRPR OD³)LHVWDGHORV9HUGLDOHV´HQ0iODJD (O,QYHQWDULRGH%LHQHV5HFRQRFLGRVWLHQHSRUREMHWRLGHQWL¿FDUORVHOHPHQWRVLQWHJUDQWHVGHOSDWULPRQLR KLVWyULFRDQGDOX]TXHQRVHHQFXHQWUHQLQVFULWRVHQHO&*3+$SHURWHQJDQFLHUWRVYDORUHVSDWULPRQLDOHV 6XUpJLPHQGHWXWHODGHEHUiVHUGHVDUUROODGRUHJODPHQWDULDPHQWH



1518

$FWXDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDQHQHVWXGLRRWURVPXFKRVR¿FLRVULWXDOHVURPHUtDV\¿HVWDV GH$QGDOXFtDTXHSRVHHQGHVWDFDGRVYDORUHVSDWULPRQLDOHV(QODSURYLQFLDGH*UDQDGD VHHVWiQGRFXPHQWDQGRODV³)LHVWDVGH0RURV\&ULVWLDQRVGHOD&RPDUFDGH%D]D´ORV ³0RVTXHWHURVGHO6DQWtVLPR6DFUDPHQWRGH%p]QDU´DVtFRPRODVURPHUtDVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHFLQFRFRPDUFDVJUDQDGLQDV(O&DVFDPRUUDVHVRWUDGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVGRFXPHQWDGDVHQ*UDQDGD\DSDUWLUGHDKRUDVHUiQXHVWURFDVRGHDQiOLVLV 3. ESTUDIO DE CASO: EL CASCAMORRAS 3.1. Descripción del ritual (O&DVFDPRUUDVHVXQD¿HVWDTXHVHFHOHEUDHQORVPXQLFLSLRVGH*XDGL[\%D]D\FX\R PRWLYRHVODGLVSXWDHQWUHDPEDVFLXGDGHVSRUODSURSLHGDGGHXQDLPDJHQGHOD9LUJHQ GHOD3LHGDGXELFDGDHQXQDLJOHVLDGH%D]D6LHO&DVFDPRUUDVFRQVLJXLHVHOOHJDUOLPSLR KDVWDHOWHPSORWHQGUtDGHUHFKRDOOHYDUVHODLPDJHQGHOD9LUJHQD*XDGL['HPRGR TXHFDGDVHLVGHVHSWLHPEUHXQMRYHQDFFLWDQRHQFDUQDD&DVFDPRUUDV\HPSUHQGHXQD FDUUHUDSRUODVFDOOHVGH%D]DKDFLDHO7HPSORGH1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHOD3LHGDGVLHQGR SHUVHJXLGRSRUXQDPXOWLWXGTXHOHDUURMDGLYHUVRVWLSRVGHSLQWXUD(OGtDQXHYHGHVHSWLHPEUH&DVFDPRUUDVTXHKDIDOODGRHQVXPLVLyQYXHOYHD*XDGL[\VXVFRQFLXGDGDQRV ORUHFLEHQGHODPLVPDIRUPDPDQFKiQGRORFRQSLQWXUDVKDVWDTXHVHUHIXJLDHQODLJOHVLD GH6DQ0LJXHO 'HVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDHWQRJUi¿FRHVHYLGHQWHTXHODFDUUHUDHVHOPRPHQWRPiVLPSRUWDQWHGHOD¿HVWD\HQHOTXHPiVSDUWLFLSDQODVSREODFLRQHVGHDPEDVFLXGDGHV(OUHVWR GHDFWLYLGDGHVRUJDQL]DGDVHQWRUQRDOD¿HVWDVXHOHQWHQHUXQFDUiFWHUPiVFHUHPRQLDO2R LQVWLWXFLRQDOODSDUWLFLSDFLyQHVPHQRVHVSRQWiQHD\HOSURWDJRQLVPRVXHOHUHFDHUHQODV DXWRULGDGHVPXQLFLSDOHV\HQODVHQWLGDGHVFLYLOHVRUHOLJLRVDV6LELHQODSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQ HVWDVDFWLYLGDGHVHVPHQRVPDVLYDTXHGXUDQWHODVFDUUHUDVQRGHMDQGHWHQHULPSRUWDQFLD HQODYLGDSROtWLFDORFDO\HQWDQWRTXHLQVWUXPHQWRVSDUDHOIRPHQWR\ODGLIXVLyQGHOD ¿HVWD 3.1.1 Designación de Cascamorras y presentación pública /D+HUPDQGDGGHOD9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDGHQ*XDGL[HVODHQFDUJDGDGHGHVLJQDUDODSHUVRQDTXHHQFDUQDUiD&DVFDPRUUDVFDGDDxR(QODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVSRUGLVWLQWRVPRWLYRV FRPRVHYHUiPiVDGHODQWHGLFKD+HUPDQGDGUHFLEHEDVWDQWHVVROLFLWXGHVGHDFFLWDQRV TXHGHVHDQUHSUHVHQWDUHVHSDSHOGXUDQWHODV¿HVWDV8QDYH]GHVLJQDGDODSHUVRQDTXHHQFDUQDUiD&DVFDPRUUDVDPHGLDGRVGHOPHVGHDJRVWRVHFHOHEUDXQDFWRGHSUHVHQWDFLyQ HQ*XDGL[FRQODSUHVHQFLDGHODV+HUPDQGDGHVGHDPEDVFLXGDGHV\ODVGRVFRUSRUDFLRQHVPXQLFLSDOHV

*RQ]iOH]$OFDQWXGGLVWLQJXHHQWUHULWR\FHUHPRQLD³HQODFHUHPRQLDVHSURFXUDLPSRQHUXQVLVWHPDFXOWXUDOVRFLDO\SROtWLFRDOLQIHULRUHVWUXFWXUDO´PLHQWUDVTXHDWUDYpVGHOULWR³HOLQIHULRUHVWUXFWXUDO´WUDWDGH DOFDQ]DUXQDSRVLFLyQVXSHULRUHQODHVWUXFWXUDPHGLDQWHODDFFLyQVLPEyOLFD *RQ]iOH] 

2

1519

,OXVWUDFLyQ'HVSHGLGDGH*XDGL[&DVFDPRUUDV$XWRU-RVp)UDQFLVFR5XL]

3.1.2 Petición de donativos 7UDVODSUHVHQWDFLyQJHQHUDOPHQWHGXUDQWHOD~OWLPDVHPDQDGHDJRVWR\ODSULPHUDGH VHSWLHPEUH&DVFDPRUUDVYHVWLGRFRQHOFRQRFLGRFRPR³WUDMHGHJDODRGHOLPSLR´VDOH SRUODVFDOOHVGH*XDGL[SDUDVROLFLWDUHOWUDGLFLRQDOGRQDWLYRDFRPSDxDGRGHXQWDPERULOHUR\GRVQLxRVTXHYDQSLGLHQGR³DOJRSDUD(O&DVFDPRUUDV´ 3.1.3 Carrera en Baza 7UDVODGHVSHGLGDGH&DVFDPRUUDVGH*XDGL[VHFHOHEUDHOGtDJUDQGHGHOD¿HVWDHQ%D]D FXDQGRHO&DVFDPRUUDVHPSUHQGHUiXQDFDUUHUDSRUODVFDOOHVGHODFLXGDGKDVWDHO&RQYHQWRGHOD0HUFHGURGHDGRSRUPLOHVGHEDVWHWDQRV\YLVLWDQWHVHPEDGXUQDGRVGHSLQWXUD QHJUD(OGHVHSWLHPEUH&DVFDPRUUDVOOHJDDO&HUURGH6DQ3HGURDUPDGRFRQVXSRUUD \YHVWLGRFRQHOWUDMHGHVXFLRXQSDQWDOyQ¿QR\OLJHURFRQORVFRORUHVURMRDPDULOOR \YHUGH\XQDVHQFLOODFDPLVHWD$ODVKGDFRPLHQ]RODFDUUHUD8QRGHORVPRPHQWRViOJLGRVVXFHGHFXDQGRHO&DVFDPRUUDVVHLQWURGXFHHQ/D)XHQWHGHORV&DxRV 'RUDGRV$OOtDSHWLFLyQGHORVSDUWLFLSDQWHVRQGHDVXEDQGHUD(QHVHLQVWDQWHVHGHMD GHDUURMDUSLQWXUD\ORVFRUUHGRUHVVHDJDFKDQSDUDSRQHUVH³EDMRSURWHFFLyQGHOD9LUJHQ GHOD3LHGDG´&XDQGRHO&DVFDPRUUDVGHYXHOYHODEDQGHUDDXQRGHVXVDFRPSDxDQWHV\ YXHOYHDEODQGLUODSRUUDVHUHQXHYDODFDUUHUD

1520

,OXVWUDFLyQ&DVFDPRUUDV%D]D$XWRU-RVp)UDQFLVFR5XL]

(Q OD 3OD]D 0D\RU GRQGH VH HQFXHQWUD HO D\XQWDPLHQWR GH OD FLXGDG HO DOFDOGH VXHOH HVSHUDUODOOHJDGDGH&DVFDPRUUDVSDUDVDOXGDUOH\XQLUVHDOD¿HVWD(QODSOD]DHO&DVFDPRUUDVFRUUHGHXQVLWLRDRWUR\MXHJDFRQVXSRUUDDVXVWDQGRDORVSDUWLFLSDQWHVGHOD FDUUHUD$OOOHJDUDO&RQYHQWRGHOD0HUFHG DFWXDOPHQWH7HPSORGH1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHOD 3LHGDG VHGDUiSRUFRQFOXLGDODFDUUHUDHQ%D]DFRQXQEDLOHGHODEDQGHUD\³YLYDV´D OD9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDG\HO&DVFDPRUUDV8QDYH]HQHOLQWHULRUGHOWHPSOR&DVFDPRUUDV DVLVWLGRSRUPLHPEURVGHODV+HUPDQGDGHVVHODYD\VHYLVWHFRQVXWtSLFRWUDMHPXOWLFRORU'HVSXpVVHGLULJHKDFLDODLPDJHQGHOD9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDGSDUDRUDURGDUJUDFLDV SRUHOp[LWRGHODFDUUHUD 3.1.4 Procesión de la Virgen de la Piedad (OGtDGHVHSWLHPEUHVHFHOHEUDODIHVWLYLGDGGHOD³FRSDWURQD´GH%D]DOD9LUJHQGHOD 3LHGDG3RUODPDxDQDWLHQHOXJDUXQDIXQFLyQUHOLJLRVDHQOD,JOHVLDGHOD0HUFHGSUHVLGLGDSRUHORELVSRGHODGLyFHVLVGH*XDGL[%D]DDODTXHDFXGHQODV+HUPDQGDGHVGH %D]D\*XDGL[\KDELWXDOPHQWHODVFRUSRUDFLRQHVPXQLFLSDOHVGHDPEDVFLXGDGHV3RUOD WDUGHODVGRV+HUPDQGDGHV\ODVGRVFRUSRUDFLRQHVDFRPSDxDQDODLPDJHQGHOD9LUJHQ HQSURFHVLyQGRQGHHO&DVFDPRUUDVRFXSDWDPELpQXQOXJDUGHVWDFDGR 3.1.5 Carrera de Guadix /DFDUUHUDGH*XDGL[VHFHOHEUDHOGtDGHVHSWLHPEUH(O&DVFDPRUUDVYXHOYHDVXFLXGDG FRQODVPDQRVYDFtDV\VXVFRQYHFLQRVVHGLVSRQHQDUHFULPLQiUVHORFRQSLQWXUD\DJXDHQ 2¿FLDOPHQWHODSDWURQDGHODFLXGDGHV6DQWD%iUEDUDFX\DIHVWLYLGDGVHFHOHEUDHOFXDWURGHGLFLHPEUH GtDHQHOTXH%D]DIXHFRQTXLVWDGDSRUORV5H\HV&DWyOLFRV6LQHPEDUJRVHJ~QDOJXQRVGHQXHVWURVLQIRUPDQWHVPLHPEURVGHOD+HUPDQGDGGHOD9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDGGH%D]DHVDIXHXQDIHFKDLPSXHVWD0LHQWUDV TXHHOSXHEOREDVWHWDQRFRQVXGHYRFLyQKDHULJLGRDOD9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDGHQODYHUGDGHUDSDWURQDGHOD FLXGDG



1521

RWUDFDUUHUDXUEDQD/DSLQWXUDTXHVHXWLOL]DHQ*XDGL[VXHOHVHUDOPDJUDORTXHOHGDXQ FRORULGRGLVWLQWRPiVURML]RTXHHOSUHGRPLQDQWHQHJURGH%D]D

1522 ,OXVWUDFLyQ&DVFDPRUUDV*XDGL[$XWRU-XDQGH'LRV/ySH]

/DFDUUHUDFRPLHQ]DDODV\VXHOHGXUDUXQDKRUD\PHGLDDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH&XDQGR OD FDUUHUD OOHJD DO 3XHQWH GHO 5tR9HUGH (O &DVFDPRUUDV EDLOD OD EDQGHUD \ FRPR RFXUUHHQ%D]DHOUHVWRGHORVSDUWLFLSDQWHVVHDJDFKDHQVHxDOGHUHVSHWR(QHOSDUTXH 3HGUR$QWRQLRGH$ODUFyQHVSHUDXQFDPLyQGHERPEHURVGHVGHHOTXHVHODQ]DUiDJXD \HVSXPDDODFRPLWLYDORFXDOYROYHUiDRFXUULUHQOD3OD]DGHODV3DORPDV'HVGHKDFH XQRVDxRVHORELVSRGHODGLyFHVLVVDOHDXQDYHQWDQDGHOSDODFLRHSLVFRSDOSDUDVDOXGDU DO&DVFDPRUUDV/DFDUUHUDFRQFOX\HFXDQGR&DVFDPRUUDVVHLQWURGXFHHQODSDUURTXLDGH 6DQ0LJXHO &DUiFWHUSDWULPRQLDOGHOD¿HVWD 3.2.1 Mito e historia (ORULJHQGHOD¿HVWDGH³(O&DVFDPRUUDV´QRHVWiFODURGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDKLVWRULRJUi¿FR$OJXQRVLQYHVWLJDGRUHVDSXQWDQTXHSRVLEOHPHQWHWHQJDDQWHFHGHQWHVHQODDQWLJHGDGFOiVLFD $QGUpV\*UDQDGRV RWURVVHxDODQTXHSXHGHWUDWDUVHGHXQD¿HVWD GHRULJHQPRULVFRYLQFXODGDDODYHQGLPLD $VHQMR  (QFXDOTXLHUFDVRODVSUXHEDVGRFXPHQWDOHVPiVDQWLJXDVTXHDFUHGLWDQODFHOHEUDFLyQ GHOD¿HVWDFRQVXGHQRPLQDFLyQDFWXDO\FRQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPX\VLPLODUHVDODVTXHKR\ SXHGHQREVHUYDUVHGDWDQGHOVLJOR;,; $QGUpV\*UDQDGRV  /DYHUVLyQPiVH[WHQGLGDHQWUHTXLHQHVRUJDQL]DQOD¿HVWD\TXLHQHVSDUWLFLSDQHQHOOD HVXQDQDUUDFLyQGHFDUiFWHUPtWLFRTXHVHUH¿HUHDOKDOOD]JRSRUSDUWHGHXQWUDEDMDGRU

DFFLWDQRGHXQDLPDJHQGHOD9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDGHQ%D]DHQ6HJ~QHVWDYHUVLyQ XQREUHURDFFLWDQROODPDGR-XDQ3HGHUQDOHVWDEDWUDEDMDQGRHQODVREUDVGHXQDDQWLJXD HUPLWDPR]iUDEH VREUHODTXHVHFRQVWUXLUtDHO&RQYHQWRGHOD0HUFHG FXDQGRDOSLFDU VREUHXQRGHORVPXURVHVFXFKy³£3LHGDGSLHGDG´$OH[WUDHUORVUHVWRVGHPXURGHVFXEULyODLPDJHQGHOD9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDG6LHQGR-XDQ3HGHUQDODFFLWDQRTXLVROOHYDUOD LPDJHQKDVWD*XDGL[6LQHPEDUJRHOSXHEORGH%D]DVHRSXVRDOHJDQGRTXHODLPDJHQ VHKDOODEDHQHVWDFLXGDG7UDVXQWLHPSRGHOLWLJLRVHQWUHEDVWHWDQRV\DFFLWDQRVVHDFRUGy TXHODLPDJHQTXHGDUtDHQ%D]DSHURTXHVLDOJXQDYH]XQFRPLVLRQDGRDFFLWDQRIXHVH FDSD]GHOOHJDUOLPSLRKDVWDODLPDJHQSRGUtDOOHYiUVHODD*XDGL[ 2WUDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQDFHUFDGHOD¿JXUD\HORULJHQGH&DVFDPRUUDVVHUH¿HUHDODSHUHJULQDFLyQTXHODVDXWRULGDGHVFLYLOHV\UHOLJLRVDVGH*XDGL[KDFtDQHQURPHUtDKDVWD%D]D SDUDFHOHEUDUODIHVWLYLGDGGHOD9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDG(QHOFDPLQRLEDQDFRPSDxDGRVGH XQEXIyQTXHDOHQWUDUHQ%D]DVHGHGLFDEDDMXJDUFRQODFKLTXLOOHUtD\DSURYRFDUDORV MyYHQHVFRQXQDYHMLJDDPDUUDGDDXQSDOR(ODFWXDO&DVFDPRUUDVVHUtDODHYROXFLyQGH HVWHEXIyQ 3.2.2 Carácter compartido del ritual 8QDGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPiVVLQJXODUHVGH&DVFDPRUUDVHVVLQGXGDTXHVHWUDWDGHXQD ¿HVWDFRPSDUWLGDSRUGRVFLXGDGHV0iVD~QQRVyORHVTXHOD¿HVWDGHO&DVFDPRUUDVVH FRPSDUWDHQWUH*XDGL[\%D]DVLQRTXHHVODUHODFLyQHQWUHODVGRVFLXGDGHVODTXHGD VHQWLGRDOD¿HVWD *XDGL[\%D]DVRQGRVFLXGDGHVGHOQRUWHGHODSURYLQFLDGH*UDQDGDFRQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VLPLODUHVVHSDUDGDVDSHQDVSRUNLOyPHWURV$PEDVFXHQWDQFRQXQDSREODFLyQDSUR[LPDGDGHKDELWDQWHV\VRQXQLPSRUWDQWHFHQWURDGPLQLVWUDWLYR\FRPHUFLDOHQVXV UHVSHFWLYDVFRPDUFDV3RURWURODGRSHUWHQHFHQDXQDGLyFHVLVHSLVFRSDOGLIHUHQFLDGDGHO UHVWRGHODSURYLQFLDFX\DVHGHVHHQFXHQWUDHQODFLXGDGGH*XDGL[(VWRVIDFWRUHVKDQ SURYRFDGRTXHODVGRVFLXGDGHVVHKD\DQGLVSXWDGRVLHPSUHODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHFLXGDG PiVLPSRUWDQWHGHOQRUWHGHODSURYLQFLDGH*UDQDGD /D¿HVWDGH(O&DVFDPRUUDVKDVLGRLQWHUSUHWDGDSRUGLYHUVRVDXWRUHV %ULVVHW$QGUpV\*UDQDGRV FRPRXQPRGRVLPEyOLFRGHHVFHQL¿FDU\GLULPLUHVWDULYDOLGDG TXHWHUPLQDUHVROYLpQGRVHFRQODGHIHQVDFRQMXQWDGH&DVFDPRUUDVSRUSDUWHGHXQRV\ RWURV 3.2.3 Práctica festiva y formas de participación 2WURGHORVHOHPHQWRVTXHH[SOLFDQHOFDUiFWHUSDWULPRQLDOGHOD¿HVWDHVTXHVHWUDWDGH XQDSUiFWLFDIHVWLYDQRIRVLOL]DGDVXMHWDDWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHV\HPLQHQWHPHQWHSDUWLFLSDWLYD6LELHQH[LVWHQGHWHUPLQDGDVLQVWLWXFLRQHV\HQWLGDGHVTXHDGTXLHUHQXQSDSHOSUHSRQGHUDQWHHQGHWHUPLQDGRVPRPHQWRVGXUDQWHHODFWRFHQWUDOGHOD¿HVWDWDQWRHQ*XDGL[ FRPRHQ%D]DODFDUUHUDGHO&DVFDPRUUDVHVHOFRQMXQWRGHOSXHEOREDVWHWDQR\DFFLWDQR TXLHQVHHULJHHQSURWDJRQLVWD (VWDOH\HQGDWLHQHPXFKDVVLPLOLWXGHVFRQRWURVUHODWRVVLPLODUHVVREUHKDOOD]JRVGHLPiJHQHVUHOLJLRVDV HQODSHQtQVXODLEpULFD FIU9HODVFR   (QODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVKDKDELGRGRVPRPHQWRVGRQGHGLFKDULYDOLGDGKDTXHGDGRGHPDQL¿HVWRXQRGH HOORVIXHODGLVSXWDSRUDOEHUJDUXQDVHGHGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQD'LVWDQFLD 81('  SHURKD\TXHVHxDODUVREUHWRGRHOLQWHUpVGHDPEDVFLXGDGHVHQSRUTXHVHFRQVWUX\HVHHQVXPXQLFLSLRXQKRVSLWDOFRPDUFDO7DQWRODVHGHGHOD81('FRPRHOKRVSLWDOFRPDUFDOIXHURQ¿QDOPHQWHLQVWDODGRVHQ%D]D$SDUWLUGHODGHFLVLyQGHFRQVWUXLUHQ%D]DHVWHKRVSLWDOVHVXFHGLHURQHQ*XDGL[GLYHUVRV DFWRVGHSURWHVWDTXHSURYRFDURQODGLPLVLyQGHODOFDOGHDFFLWDQR



1523

$SHVDUGHODHYLGHQWHYLQFXODFLyQHQWUHOD¿HVWDGHO&DVFDPRUUDV\ODIHVWLYLGDGGHOD 9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDG\GHODLPSRUWDQFLDTXHHQODSUHSDUDFLyQHQODRUJDQL]DFLyQ\HQHO IRPHQWRGHOD¿HVWDKDQDGTXLULGRODV+HUPDQGDGHV&DVFDPRUUDVQRHVXQD¿HVWDFRQWURODGDSRULQVWLWXFLRQHVUHOLJLRVDVQLWDPSRFRFLYLOHV/DSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQOD¿HVWDHVPX\ DPSOLDHQDPEDVFLXGDGHVDXQTXHVXHOHVHUPXFKRPiVPXOWLWXGLQDULDHQ%D]DSXHVWR TXHVHFHOHEUDHQXQGtDIHVWLYRDOFRLQFLGLUFRQODIHULDGHODFLXGDG /DVIRUPDVGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQVRQGLYHUVDVHQIXQFLyQGHYDULDEOHVWDOHVFRPRODHGDGHO JpQHURHWFDXQTXHQRH[LVWHQUHJODVSUH¿MDGDV\HVWDVGLYHUVDVIRUPDVGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQ VHYLHQHQWUDQVIRUPDQGRHQHOWLHPSR3RUORJHQHUDOORVYDURQHVMyYHQHVVXHOHQUHDOL]DU ODFDUUHUDFHUFDGH&DVFDPRUUDVVREUHWRGRVLIRUPDQSDUWHGHOJUXSRGHDPLVWDGGHOD SHUVRQDTXHHQFDUQDDOSHUVRQDMH(QODDFWXDOLGDGHVFDGDYH]PiVIUHFXHQWHREVHUYDU WDPELpQ D PXMHUHV MyYHQHV HQ HVWDV SRVLFLRQHV /RV QLxRV \ QLxDV VXHOHQ VLWXDUVH SRU GHODQWHGHHVWHJUXSRSULQFLSDOHLQWHQWDQQRVHUDOFDQ]DGRVSRU&DVFDPRUUDV4XLHQHV SDUWLFLSDQGLUHFWDPHQWHHQODFDUUHUDLQHYLWDEOHPHQWHTXHGDUiQFXELHUWRVSRUHQWHURGH SLQWXUD (Q ORV ODWHUDOHV GHO UHFRUULGR VH VLW~DQ ODV SHUVRQDV GH HGDG PiV DYDQ]DGD \ TXLHQHVQRGHVHDQPDQFKDUVHDXQTXHHOULHVJRHVWiVLHPSUHSUHVHQWH

1524

,OXVWUDFLyQ&DVFDPRUUDV*XDGL[$XWRU5DPyQ6iQFKH]³3tFDUR´

3RU~OWLPRQRVHGHEHGHREYLDUHOFDUiFWHUO~GLFRGHOD¿HVWD³(O&DVFDPRUUDV´HVXQD ¿HVWDHPLQHQWHPHQWHO~GLFD\HVSUHFLVDPHQWHHOMXHJR\VXVFRPSRQHQWHVKXPRUtVWLFRV ORTXHSHUPLWHTXHHOFRQÀLFWRHQWUHODVGRVFLXGDGHVVHDHVFHQL¿FDGR\DOPLVPRWLHPSR UHVXHOWRHQODSURSLDHVFHQD FIU*RQ]iOH] 

3.2.4 Capacidad expresiva en torno al proceso identitario local (VXQOXJDUFRP~QD¿UPDUTXHODPD\RUSDUWHGHODV¿HVWDVTXHDFRQWHFHQHQ$QGDOXFtD FRQVWLWX\HQXQFRQWH[WRHVSDFLRWHPSRUDOGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLDSDUDODH[SUHVLyQ\UHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHLGHQWL¿FDFLRQHVFROHFWLYDVHVSHFLDOPHQWHODVYLQFXODGDVDHOHPHQWRVWHUULWRULDOHVGHFDUiFWHUORFDO(VWDYLQFXODFLyQDOWHUULWRULRVHUHDOL]DKDELWXDOPHQWHDWUDYpV GHVtPERORVHLPiJHQHVGHFDUiFWHUUHOLJLRVR/DFRQH[LyQH[LVWHQWHHQWUHODLPDJLQHUtD FULVWLDQD\ODVLGHQWLGDGHVORFDOHVVHKDFHSDWHQWHHQODFHOHEUDFLyQGHODVIHVWLYLGDGHVSDWURQDOHVGHODVTXHODV)LHVWDVHQ+RQRUD1XHVWUD6UDGHOD3LHGDGHQ%D]DVRQXQEXHQ HMHPSOR(VWDFRQH[LyQHQWUHODLPDJHQUHOLJLRVD\HOSURFHVRLGHQWLWDULRORFDOYLQFXODD XQWHUULWRULRHVSHFt¿FRSRUSHULIpULFRTXHpVWHVHDFRQXQDLJOHVLDFRQSUHWHQVLyQXQLYHUVDO\FHQWUDOL]DGD\YLFHYHUVD 9HODVFR  6LELHQODUHODFLyQGH&DVFDPRUUDVFRQOD9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDG\ODVLJOHVLDVGH*XDGL[\ %D]DHVREYLDOD¿HVWDWUDVFLHQGHORUHOLJLRVRORTXHQRGLVPLQX\HVXFDSDFLGDGH[SUHVLYDVREUHHOIHQyPHQRLGHQWLWDULR(QFXDOTXLHUFDVRHVIXQGDPHQWDOVHxDODUTXHODV¿HVWDV QRJHQHUDQLGHQWLGDGVLQRTXHpVWDGHEHHQWHQGHUVHFRPRXQSURFHVRPHGLDQWHHOFXDO XQRVDFWRUHVVRFLDOHVVHGLVWLQJXHQGHRWURVHQFRQWH[WRVHVSHFt¿FRVDSDUWLUGHGHWHUPLQDGRVUHSHUWRULRV\SUiFWLFDVFXOWXUDOHV(QHVWHVHQWLGRORVULWXDOHVIHVWLYRVFRQVWLWX\HQ XQDSUiFWLFDSULYLOHJLDGDSDUDODHVFHQL¿FDFLyQGHLGHQWL¿FDFLRQHVFROHFWLYDVSXHVWRTXH DGHPiVGHWUDWDUVHGHDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVHQORVTXHHOIHQyPHQRLGHQWLWDULRVHH[SUHVD\VH SRQHGHPDQL¿HVWRHVWiQIRUPDGRVSRUXQQXWULGRFRQMXQWRGHHOHPHQWRVFXOWXUDOHVGH IXHUWHFDUJDVLPEyOLFDFRQORVTXHGLFKDVLGHQWLGDGHVVHFRQVWUX\HQ

1525

Ilustración 5. El Cascamorras es de todos. Fuente: Portada de la revista editada por la Hermandad de Guadix en 2009

(QHOFDVRGH&DVFDPRUUDVQRVHQFRQWUDPRVDQWHODSUiFWLFDIHVWLYDPiVLPSRUWDQWHGH ODVFLXGDGHVGH*XDGL[\%D]D6LELHQ&DVFDPRUUDVKDVLGRXQLQVWUXPHQWRLPSRUWDQWH SDUDYHKLFXODUODVFRPSOHMDVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHDPEDVFLXGDGHVOD¿HVWDKDWUDVFHQGLGROD VLPSOHFRQIURQWDFLyQLGHQWLWDULDHQWUHDFFLWDQRV\EDVWHWDQRV\KDVHUYLGRSDUDHVFHQL¿FDU

RWURWLSRGHLGHQWL¿FDFLRQHVJUXSDOHVHLQIUDPXQLFLSDOHV(QODDFWXDOLGDG&DVFDPRUUDV HVXQRGHORVSULQFLSDOHVHOHPHQWRVFXOWXUDOHVPHGLDQWHHOTXHODVVRFLHGDGHVDFFLWDQD\ EDVWHWDQDVHGDQDFRQRFHUDOH[WHULRUUHSUHVHQWDQGRDVtXQIRFRGHDWUDFFLyQWXUtVWLFD\ SDWULPRQLDOGHOQRUWHGHODSURYLQFLD 3.3. Transformaciones culturales (O&DVFDPRUUDVHVXQD¿HVWDFRQSOHQDYLJHQFLD\HQSHUPDQHQWHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ6HD FXDOVHDHORULJHQGHOD¿HVWDHVWDVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVSXHGHQDSUHFLDUVHHQHOSUHVHQWH 9DULRVDVSHFWRVVRQGHLQWHUpVHQHVWHVHQWLGRODHYROXFLyQHQWRUQRDODFRQVLGHUDFLyQ GHOSHUVRQDMH\GHODSHUVRQDTXHORHQFDUQDORVFDPELRVHQODLQWHQVLGDGGHODDFFLyQ\ ODDPSOLDFLyQGHODVIRUPDVGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQ (QFXDQWRDODSULPHUDFXHVWLyQKDVWDODSULPHUDPLWDGGHODGpFDGDGHORVHOSHUVRQDMH GH &DVFDPRUUDV KDEtD VLGR HQFDUQDGR SRU SHUVRQDV SHUWHQHFLHQWHV D ORV JUXSRV PiVGHVIDYRUHFLGRVGHODFLXGDGGH*XDGL[\HUDQUHWULEXLGRVSRUUHSUHVHQWDUHVWHSDSHO FHQWUDOGXUDQWHODV¿HVWDVDGHPiVGHUHFLELUDOLPHQWRV\RWURVHQVHUHVEiVLFRVGXUDQWH ODSHWLFLyQGHGRQDWLYRV7UDVODSROpPLFDVXVFLWDGDHQSRUHOSURJUDPDWHOHYLVLYR ³5DtFHV´XQQXWULGRJUXSRGHSHUVRQDVHQFXDGUDGDVHQODVFODVHVPHGLDVGHDPEDVFLXGDGHVFRPHQ]DURQDUHLYLQGLFDUORVYDORUHVSDWULPRQLDOHVGHOD¿HVWD/D+HUPDQGDGGH OD9LUJHQGHOD3LHGDGGH*XDGL[FRPHQ]yDUHFLELUVROLFLWXGHVSRUSDUWHGHQXPHURVRV MyYHQHVTXHGHVHDEDQHQFDUQDUDOSHUVRQDMHGH³-XDQ3HGHUQDO´3HUVRQL¿FDUOD¿JXUDGHO &DVFDPRUUDVVHFRQVLGHUDGHVGHHQWRQFHVXQSULYLOHJLR\XQPRWLYRGHRUJXOOR -XQWRDHVWDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQHQODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHOSHUVRQDMH\PX\UHODFLRQDGRFRQOD LPDJHQGLVWRUVLRQDGDGHOD¿HVWDTXHVHGLRHQORVPHGLRVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQKDKDELGR XQFDPELRHQHOJUDGRGHLQWHQVLGDGGHODFDUUHUD6LELHQODPD\RUtDGHODVSHUVRQDVTXH SDUWLFLSDQHQOD¿HVWDQLHJDQODH[LVWHQFLDGHFRPSRQHQWHVYLROHQWRVHQODPLVPDVtTXH UHFRQRFHQTXHQRHVWiH[HQWDGHULHVJRVHQWDQWRTXHVLHPSUHH[LVWHODSRVLELOLGDGGH UHFLELUDOJ~QJROSHRVXIULUXQDFDtGD$XQDVtVRQORVSURSLRVSDUWLFLSDQWHVHQOD¿HVWD TXLHQHVGHIRUPDDXWRRUJDQL]DGDFXLGDQGHTXHQRVXFHGDSHUFDQFHDOJXQR6LQHPEDUJRFRQWLQ~DH[LVWLHQGRXQWHPRUDTXHVHKDJDQLQWHUSUHWDFLRQHVHUUyQHDVGHOD¿HVWD\VH ODUHSUHVHQWHFRPRXQDFRQWHFLPLHQWRYLROHQWR 3RUHVWDVUD]RQHVHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVVHKDSURGXFLGRXQDDWHQXDFLyQHQHOJUDGRGHDFFLyQIHVWLYD\VHFHQVXUDQFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVTXHHQHOSDVDGRIXHURQKDELWXDOHVFRPRSRU HMHPSORDUURMDUIUXWDVPDGXUDVGXUDQWHHOUHFRUULGR(VWDDWHQXDFLyQGHODDFFLyQIHVWLYD KDIDYRUHFLGRODDPSOLDFLyQGHODVIRUPDVGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQHQOD¿HVWD6LHQHOSDVDGRHQ ODFDUUHUDGH&DVFDPRUUDVSDUWLFLSDEDQVREUHWRGRORVYDURQHVMyYHQHVGHODFLXGDGHQOD DFWXDOLGDGHVFDGDYH]PiVIUHFXHQWHREVHUYDUDPXMHUHVHQODVSRVLFLRQHVPiVFHUFDQDV DO&DVFDPRUUDV(VWDVSRVLFLRQHVFHUFDQDVDOSHUVRQDMHVRQODVTXHPiVHVIXHU]RItVLFR UHTXLHUHQSXHVWRTXHPXFKDJHQWHLQWHQWDDOFDQ]DUORWRFDUOR\MXJDUDHVTXLYDUVXSRUUD$XQTXHKDVWDODIHFKDQRKDKDELGRQLQJXQDPXMHUTXHUHSUHVHQWHHOSDSHOGH³-XDQ 3HGHUQDO´VRQPXFKRVORVYHFLQRVGHDPEDVFLXGDGHVTXLHQHVRSLQDQTXHQRWDUGDUiHQ DSDUHFHUODSULPHUDPXMHU&DVFDPRUUDV

$ORODUJRGHOWUDEDMRGHFDPSRHQ*XDGL[DOJXQRVLQIRUPDQWHVKDQD¿UPDGRTXH&DVFDPRUUDVHUDVREUH WRGRXQD¿HVWDGHORV³VDQPLJXHOHURV´ HQUHIHUHQFLDD6DQ0LJXHOHOEDUULRGRQGHFRQFOX\HODFDUUHUDHQ *XDGL[ \GHODJHQWHGHOD(VWDFLyQ EDUULRHQHOTXHODFDUUHUDWLHQHFRPLHQ]R   (QHOSURJUDPDVHSUHVHQWDEDOD¿HVWDFRPRXQDFWREiUEDURTXHFRQVLVWtDHQHOVLPSOHDSDOHDPLHQWRGHXQ SREUHFXHVWLyQTXHPRWLYyODPRYLOL]DFLyQGHORVYHFLQRVGH%D]D\*XDGL[SDUDGLJQL¿FDUOD¿HVWD 

1526

4. CONCLUSIONES /DLQVFULSFLyQGHO&DVFDPRUUDVHQHO&*3+$VXSRQGUiHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRLQVWLWXFLRQDO GHOD¿HVWDFRPR3DWULPRQLR+LVWyULFRGH$QGDOXFtDDOPLVPRWLHPSRTXHRWRUJDUiXQ JUDGRGHSURWHFFLyQItVLFDDORVHVSDFLRVFHQWUDOHVHQORVTXHOD¿HVWDWLHQHOXJDU\WDPELpQDORVELHQHVPXHEOHVDVRFLDGRV1RREVWDQWHFDEUtDSODQWHDUVHVLHODOFDQFHGHHVWDV PHGLGDVDGRSWDGDVGHXQPRGHORGHWXWHODFRQFHELGRSDUDODSURWHFFLyQGHORVELHQHV LQPXHEOHV\PXHEOHVHVVX¿FLHQWHSDUDODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHODDFWLYLGDGRVLSRUHOFRQWUDULRpVWDVGHPDQGDQXQDERUGDMHGHRWURWLSR6LHOREMHWLYRHVODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHOD¿HVWD HVGHFLUVXPDQWHQLPLHQWR\VDOYDJXDUGDDORODUJRGHORVDxRVHVREYLRTXHSURWHJHUORV HVSDFLRVWUDGLFLRQDOHVGRQGHpVWDWLHQHOXJDUHVDOJRWRWDOPHQWHQHFHVDULR6LQHPEDUJR TXHGDUVHHQHVWHSXQWRSDUHFHQRFXEULUWRGRHODEDQLFRGHQHFHVLGDGHVTXHODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHXQDDFWLYLGDGGHPDQGD3DUWLHQGRGHTXHHOPHMRUPHFDQLVPRGHVDOYDJXDUGDGHO SDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDOHVVXFRQWLQXLGDGHVGHFLUTXHODVSHUVRQDVTXHOHGDQYLGDVLJDQ KDFLpQGROR HV OyJLFR SHQVDU TXH XQD SURWHFFLyQ H¿FD] GHEH SDVDU QHFHVDULDPHQWH SRU IRPHQWDUGLFKDSDUWLFLSDFLyQDWUDYpVGHPHFDQLVPRVPiVFHUFDQRVDODGLQDPL]DFLyQ VRFLDOTXHDODFRQVHUYDFLyQHQWHQGLGDHQVXVHQWLGRPiVWUDGLFLRQDO(QHVWHVHQWLGRODV LQVWUXFFLRQHVSDUWLFXODUHVTXHVHUHGDFWDUDQSDUDODGHFODUDFLyQFRPR%,&GHXQDDFWLYLGDGSRGUtDQLQFOXLUDGHPiVGHGLUHFWULFHVSDUDODFRQVHUYDFLyQItVLFDGHORVHVSDFLRV RWUDVHQFDPLQDGDVDFRQVHJXLUSRUHMHPSORTXHODVQXHYDVJHQHUDFLRQHVSDUWLFLSHQGHOD DFWLYLGDGTXHORVFXUUtFXORVHVFRODUHVORFDOHVLQFOX\DQWHPDVHVSHFt¿FRVVREUHODFXHVWLyQTXHVHFUHHQDXODVPXQLFLSDOHVGHGLFDGDVDODGLIXVLyQGHODDFWLYLGDG\RWUDVPiV TXHSXHGDQIRPHQWDUODSDUWLFLSDFLyQ\HODUUDLJRVRFLDOGHODDFWLYLGDGHQWUHVXVSURSLRV FUHDGRUHV(VWDVPHGLGDVSRUDMHQDVTXHSDUH]FDQDOiPELWRGHODSURWHFFLyQSDWULPRQLDO WUDGLFLRQDOJR]DQGHWRWDOVHQWLGRVLHOREMHWRGHSDWULPRQLDOL]DFLyQHVORLQWDQJLEOH(O IXWXURUHJODPHQWRGHOD/H\GHEHUiDWHQGHUDWRGDVHVWDVFXHVWLRQHV\WHQHUPX\ SUHVHQWH TXH ORV PRGHORV SURWHFFLRQLVWDV WUDGLFLRQDOHV QHFHVLWDQ UHFLFODUVH SDUD ORJUDU XQDVDOYDJXDUGDGHOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDOHIHFWLYD\FRPSOHWD (QHVWHVHQWLGRHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRLQVWLWXFLRQDOGHOFDUiFWHUSDWULPRQLDOGHXQGHWHUPLQDGRULWXDOIHVWLYRQRGHELHUDHQQLQJ~QFDVRFRQWULEXLUDODIRVLOL]DFLyQGHVXVIRUPDV LPSLGLHQGRODVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVFXOWXUDOHVSURSLDVGHFXDOTXLHUULWXDO&RPRKHPRVYLVWR HQ HO FDVR GHO &DVFDPRUUDV OD UHQRYDFLyQ GH DOJXQRV SURWRFRORV OD LQFRUSRUDFLyQ GH QXHYRVDFWRVODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHORVVLJQL¿FDGRVDVRFLDGRVDOSHUVRQDMHSURWDJRQLVWD\ RWURVP~OWLSOHVFDPELRVIRUPDQSDUWHGHODSURSLD¿HVWD6LVHSUHWHQGHSUHVHUYDUODKDGH SHUPLWLUVHTXHORVOHJtWLPRVSURSLHWDULRVGHODPLVPDODVSHUVRQDVFRQFHOHEUDQWHVFRQWLQ~HQGHFLGLHQGRFXiOHVODPHMRUIRUPDGHKDFHUOR/DSDWULPRQLDOL]DFLyQLQVWLWXFLRQDO SXHGHVHUXQDKHUUDPLHQWD~WLOHQHVWHVHQWLGRSHUPLWLHQGRDODVDGPLQLVWUDFLRQHVS~EOLFDVSUHVHUYDUHVDVIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DFLyQORFDOIUHQWHDRWURVLQWHQWRVGHDSURSLDFLyQ H[WHUQRV\RGHFDUiFWHUSDUWLFXODU 3RURWUDSDUWHVLFRPRHQHOFDVRGHO&DVFDPRUUDVXQULWXDOIHVWLYRHVSDWULPRQLDOL]DGR FRQVWDQWHPHQWHSRUWRGRVDTXHOORVTXHSDUWLFLSDQHQpOVXUHFRQRFLPLHQWRLQVWLWXFLRQDO FRPRSDWULPRQLRSRVLELOLWDODLQVHUFLyQGHOD¿HVWDHQXQQXHYRFLUFXLWRGHH[LVWHQFLD (O&*3+$SHUPLWHRWRUJDUGRVQLYHOHVGHSURWHFFLyQ%LHQGH,QWHUpV&XOWXUDOR%LHQGH&DWDORJDFLyQ*HQHUDO(OSULPHURRWRUJDXQJUDGRGHSURWHFFLyQPiVHOHYDGR\SHUPLWHHVWDEOHFHUXQDVHULHGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV SDUWLFXODUHVTXHFRQFUHWDQFyPRPDWHULDOL]DUODSURWHFFLyQHQWRGRVVXVDVSHFWRV  (QHODxRXQYHFLQRGH%D]DUHJLVWUyODGHQRPLQDFLyQ³&DVDFDPRUUDV´FRQHOLQWHQWRGHFREUDUORV GHUHFKRVGHDXWRUFDGDYH]TXHHOQRPEUHIXHUDXVDGR/DSROpPLFDVRFLDOIXHFRQVLGHUDEOH\HODVXQWRHVWi HQPDQRVGHODMXVWLFLD



1527

/D¿HVWDSDUDVHJXLUVLHQGR¿HVWDQRQHFHVLWDGHHVWHUHFRQRFLPLHQWRLQVWLWXFLRQDOSHUR VXSDWULPRQLDOL]DFLyQSRVLELOLWDTXHWHQJDXQUHFRUULGRPiVDOOiGHODSURSLDFRPXQLGDG ORFDO6RQORVGRVFLUFXLWRVGHH[LVWHQFLDGHOSDWULPRQLRLQPDWHULDO³XQRKDFLDDGHQWUR SDUD FRQWLQXDU FUHDQGR LGHQWLGDG SURSLD \ XQR KDFLD DIXHUD SDUD UHODFLRQDUVH FRQ HO PXQGR H[WHUQR PHUFDGRV LQFOXLGRV´ $PRGLR    (O SURFHVR GH SDWULPRQLDOL]DFLyQGHXQULWXDOIHVWLYRGHEHUtDLUHQFDPLQDGRDSRVLELOLWDUODFRQYLYHQFLDSUiFWLFDGH DPERVFLUFXLWRVGHH[LVWHQFLDVDOYDJXDUGDQGROD¿HVWDGHOHQFHUUDPLHQWRLGHQWLWDULRDVt FRPRGHODPHUFDQWLOL]DFLyQGHVXVIRUPDV 5. BIBLIOGRAFÍA $02',2(PDQXHOH  ³%LHQHVLQPDWHULDOHV\SURFHVRVFXOWXUDOHVGH¿QLFLRQHV\ FRQWUDGLFFLRQHV´ (Q VII Encuentro para la Promoción y Difusión del Patrimonio Inmaterial de Países Iberoamericanos. Gestión del Patrimonio Inmaterial y la Diversidad Cultural.%RJRWi0DUFHOD*LUDOGRSS $1'5e66DOXG\*5$1$'26$QD  $QWURSRORJtDGHXQD¿HVWDJUDQDGLQD½½(O Cascamorras››*UDQDGD8QLYHUVLGDGGH*UDQDGD $6(1-2&DUORV  Las cuevas. Un insólito hábitat del sur.6HYLOOD0XxR]0R\D\ 0RQWUDYHWD %5,66(7'HPHWULR  ³(OHQFLHUURGHO&DVFDPRUUDV$QiOLVLVGHODV¿HVWDVGH*UDQDGD  ´*D]HWDGH$QWURSRORJtDQž5HFXSHUDGRHOGHPD\RGHGHKWWS ZZZXJUHVaSZODF*B'HPHWULR(B%ULVVHWB0DUWLQKWPO *21=È/(=-RVp$  Agresión y rito. Y otros ensayos de antropología andaluza *UDQDGD'LSXWDFLyQ3URYLQFLDOGH*UDQDGD *21=È/(= -RVp$   ³(VWXGLR SUHOLPLQDU´ (Q *$55,'2$7,(1=$ 0 Las ¿HVWDVGHOD7RPD*UDQDGD8QLYHUVLGDGGH*UDQDGDSS /(
Lihat lebih banyak...

Comentarios

Copyright © 2017 DATOSPDF Inc.