Fitoterapia 77 (2006) 466 – 468 www.elsevier.com/locate/fitote
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Phytochemical and termiticidal study of Lantana camara var. aculeata leaves Rajesh K. Verma a,⁎, Suman K. Verma b a
Environmental Science and Technology Division, Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee-247 667, India b Department of Chemistry, Bareilly College, Bareilly-243 005, India Received 2 July 2004; accepted 12 May 2006 Available online 24 May 2006
Abstract Extracts of Lantana camara var. aculeata leaves were studied for their phytochemical constituents and termiticidal effects against adult termite workers. The 5% chloroform extract was found to be significantly effective against termite workers. © 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. Keywords: Lantana camara; Microcerotermes beeson termite; Termite mortality
1. Plant Lantana camara var. aculeata (Verbenaceae), leaves collected from the vicinity of Izatnagar, Bareilly, India in August 2000, was identified by Dr. D. K. Saxena of the Botany Department, Bareilly College, Bareilly, India. A voucher specimen is kept in the Herbarium of Bareilly College, Bareilly, India. 2. Uses in traditional medicine and other reported activities The leaves of the plant are boiled like tea and the decoction is a remedy against cough [1]. A decoction of the plant is given as treatment for tetanus, rheumatism, malaria and ataxy of abdominal viscera. Pounded leaves are applied to cuts, ulcers and swellings; a decoction of the leaves is used as a lotion for wound [2]. Anti-feedant, larval mortality/repellency, anti-fungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of Lantana leaves have been reported [3–8]. 3. Previously isolated classes of constituents Triterpenoids [9–21], proteins [22], carbohydrates [23], lactones [24], furfural [25] and flavonoids [7,26].
⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address:
[email protected] (R.K. Verma). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter © 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2006.05.014
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4. Tested material Petroleum ether, methanol, water, methanol:water (90:10), hexane, chloroform and n-butanol extracts (yields: 4.87, 18.2, 11.1, 13.4, 9.39, 7.69 and 8.7%, respectively). Phytochemical screenings were carried out according to standard methods [27–29]. 5. Studied activity Termite mortality was recorded by filter paper method after 24 and 48 h of treatment with various extracts and pure solvents [30]. The termite mortality was recorded in triplicates for each extract of L. camara/control solvent with 25 termite workers. LD50 values were determined by probit analysis, based on a range of 4–5 doses. 6. Animals Adult workers of Microcerotermes beesoni termite obtained from the laboratory colony were maintained on artificial medium. 7. Results The results are reported in Table 1 (phytochemical screening) and Table 2 (termite mortality).
Table 1 Phytochemical screening of L. camara var. aculeata leaf extracts Constituents
P
M
W
M:W
H
C
B
Triterpenoids Steroids Carbohydrates Lactones Proteins Flavonoids Resins Tannins Fixed oils
− − − + − − − − +++
++ + + + ++ + + + +
− − + − + − + − −
++ + + − + − + − −
− − − + − + − + +
+++ + − + − − + + +
− − + − − + − − −
P, Petroleum ether; M, MeOH; W, water; M:W, MeOH:water (90:10); H, hexane; C, CHCl3; B, n-BuOH. Absent (−), low concentration (+), high concentration (++), very high concentration (+++).
Table 2 Effect of the L. camara var. aculeata leaves extracts on termite mortality 5%
Petroleum ether Methanol Water Methanol:water Hexane Chloroform n-Butanol Chlorpyrifos 50 E. C.
1% a
24 h
48 h
11.1 ± 0.23 24.4 ± 0.39 9.1 ± 0.22 11.2 ± 0.49 12.1 ± 0.35 63.3 ± 0.13 9.1 ± 0.23 100 ± 0.00
12.2 ± 0.21 24.9 ± 0.13 9.4 ± 0.49 12.2 ± 0.12 12.2 ± 0.38 68.7 ± 0.29 10.0 ± 0.32 100 ± 0.00
Values are mean ± S.D. N = 3. a Treatment 24–48 h. b ND = not determined.
0.5%
Control
24 h
48 h
24 h
48 h
24 h
48 h
8.3 ± 0.31 18.3 ± 0.21 7.8 ± 0.26 8.3 ± 0.46 8.9 ± 0.38 41.3 ± 0.31 7.8 ± 0.12 100 ± 0.00
8.9 ± 0.24 19.4 ± 0.31 8.4 ± 0.22 8.8 ± 0.12 9.2 ± 0.39 44.3 ± 0.18 7.9 ± 0.19 100 ± 0.00
7.4 ± 0.31 16.4 ± 0.21 7.0 ± 0.12 7.2 ± 0.10 7.6 ± 0.31 38.2 ± 0.44 5.8 ± 0.35 89.2 ± .39
7.6 ± 0.35 17.8 ± 0.31 7.3 ± 0.26 7.6 ± 0.39 7.1 ± 0.12 39.2 ± 0.24 6.3 ± 0.29 95.3 ± 0.26
3.4 ± 0.32 5.2 ± 0.43 4.3 ± 0.43 4.4 ± 0.21 4.3 ± 0.32 3.5 ± 0.10 4.7 ± 0.30 4.3 ± 0.43
4.3 ± 0.35 5.3 ± 0.18 4.4 ± 0.32 5.2 ± 0.32 4.4 ± 0.23 3.8 ± 0.24 4.7 ± 0.45 4.8 ± 0.32
LD50 (μg/insect) NDb ND ND ND ND 5.0 (4.8–5.5) ND 4.8 (4.3–5.1)
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8. Conclusions Only 5% chloroform extract exhibited excellent termite mortality. On the basis of the LD50, the effect of 5% chloroform extract against M. beesoni termite was the most interesting in comparison with 0.5% chlorpyrifos. The obtained results may also provide a support to the uses of the plant in traditional termite control. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]
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