Nihon no shiro 日本の城 (Japanese Castles, 1944)

May 28, 2017 | Autor: Alicia Volk | Categoría: Cultural History, Cultural Studies, Asian Studies, Japanese Studies, Visual Studies, Prints, Print Culture, Art History, Design, Architecture, Japanese Literature, Japanese Language And Culture, Japanese Religions, Visual Culture, Modern Art, Graphic Design, Japanese History, Modern and Contemporary Japan, Japanese Art, Early Modern (Japanese History), Pre-Modern Japan, Vernacular Architecture, Architectural History, East Asian Studies, Second World War, Printmaking, History of Art, Modernism (Art History), Architectural Theory, Book Arts, Japanese Literature and Culture, Modern Japanese History, World War II, Modernism, Traditional Crafts, Japan, Printing History, Print media, Book Art, Drawings and Prints, Prints (Art History), Japanese Culture, Modern Japan, Print Publishing Layout & Design, Japanese Popular Culture, Visual Arts, Japanese Art History, War art, Book Cover Design, Edo-period Japan, Second World War (History), Prints and Drawings, History of architecture, History of Printmaking, Japanese Architecture, World War II history, Books, Arts and Crafts, Castles, East Asian Languages and Cultures, Castle Studies, History of Graphic Design, Woodblock Prints, Printmaking (woodcut), Medieval Architecture, Castles, Early Modern Japan, Medieval castles, Art and War, Castles and Fortifications, Book Arts And Bookbinding, Japanese History of Art, History of Japanese architecture, landscape design and urbanism, Medieval Castles and Fortresses, Asian Art, Book Design, Woodcuts, Japanese Woodblock Prints, Modern Japanese Art and Architecture, social and cultural history of the Second World War, Japanese Art, Especially Modern and Contemporary, Modern Japanese Literature and Culture, Tokugawa Shogunate, Modern and Contemporary Japanese Art History, Japanese Arts and Culture, Artists’ Books, Traditional Japanese Architecture, History of Edo Period, Azuchi Momoyama Period, Japenese Architecture, Art and Architecture of Japan, Prints, Print Culture, Art History, Design, Architecture, Japanese Literature, Japanese Language And Culture, Japanese Religions, Visual Culture, Modern Art, Graphic Design, Japanese History, Modern and Contemporary Japan, Japanese Art, Early Modern (Japanese History), Pre-Modern Japan, Vernacular Architecture, Architectural History, East Asian Studies, Second World War, Printmaking, History of Art, Modernism (Art History), Architectural Theory, Book Arts, Japanese Literature and Culture, Modern Japanese History, World War II, Modernism, Traditional Crafts, Japan, Printing History, Print media, Book Art, Drawings and Prints, Prints (Art History), Japanese Culture, Modern Japan, Print Publishing Layout & Design, Japanese Popular Culture, Visual Arts, Japanese Art History, War art, Book Cover Design, Edo-period Japan, Second World War (History), Prints and Drawings, History of architecture, History of Printmaking, Japanese Architecture, World War II history, Books, Arts and Crafts, Castles, East Asian Languages and Cultures, Castle Studies, History of Graphic Design, Woodblock Prints, Printmaking (woodcut), Medieval Architecture, Castles, Early Modern Japan, Medieval castles, Art and War, Castles and Fortifications, Book Arts And Bookbinding, Japanese History of Art, History of Japanese architecture, landscape design and urbanism, Medieval Castles and Fortresses, Asian Art, Book Design, Woodcuts, Japanese Woodblock Prints, Modern Japanese Art and Architecture, social and cultural history of the Second World War, Japanese Art, Especially Modern and Contemporary, Modern Japanese Literature and Culture, Tokugawa Shogunate, Modern and Contemporary Japanese Art History, Japanese Arts and Culture, Artists’ Books, Traditional Japanese Architecture, History of Edo Period, Azuchi Momoyama Period, Japenese Architecture, Art and Architecture of Japan

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Nihon no shiro, Vol. 1 DESCRIPTION

CONTENTS

COMMENTARY pp. 2-3

Nihon no shiro日本の城

p. 1

front cover

pp. 8-9

pp. 14-15

pp. 6-7

pp. 12-13

pp. 4-5

pp. 10-11

pp. 20-21

pp. 18-19

pp. 16-17

pp. 26-27

pp. 24-25

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pp. 32-33

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pp. 28-29

FSC-GR-780.77 Commentary by Alicia Volk Posted October 17, 2016 From the beginning of his printmaking career in the 1930s until the 1970s and beyond, Hashimoto Okiie took as his singular motif the imposing Japanese castle, numerous historic examples of which dot the country’s landscape. The artist’s ﬁrst printed book, Nihon no shiro (Japanese castles), was issued at the height of the Paciﬁc War in 1944 and features twelve multicolor woodcuts depicting castles under varying seasonal conditions. Two years later, shortly following the end of the war, Hashimoto published Kojō jūkei 古城十景 (Ten views of old castles) with the same publisher, the Katō Hanga Kenkyūjo (Katō Print Institute), the Tokyo-based ﬁrm established by Katō Junji 加藤潤二 (also known as Katō Junzō 加藤順造) that from the mid-1930s produced prints by some of Japan’s most talented artists. Hashimoto’s printed images are preceded by a text also titled “Nihon no shiro” by the wellknown architectural scholar Kishida Hideto

(1899–1966). Kishida recounts a history of the evolution of Japanese castles, emphasizing the reﬁned aesthetic sensibility of these structures that he feels are so beautiful as to belie their pp. 38-39

pp. 36-37

pp. 34-35

role in warfare. In this regard, Kishida argues, they diﬀer from European castles, having developed autonomously from Western inﬂuence. As such, they are a true Japanese (nihonteki na 日本的な) architectural form. He

p. 40

back cover

p. 40

makes no mention of the war, which is likewise absent from Hashimoto’s prints, save for a small woodcut printed in black sumi ink of a warrior’s helmet (kabuto 兜) that closes the book.

Japanese castles are typically grand structures, and it may have been in order to capture a sense of their glory that Hashimoto often worked on a large scale, sometimes creating single-sheet prints as sizeable as substantial paintings of the day—over three feet wide and nearly that tall. The bound prints of Nihon no

shiro, on the other hand,possess a tactile intimacy aﬀorded by the smaller book format. The viewer encounters colorful scenes in Hashimoto’s exuberant style: Chiyoda Castle (or Edo Castle, the former seat of the Tokugawa shoguns, known from 1868 as the Imperial Palace) in present-day Tokyo; Hirosaki, Hikone, Inuyama, Okayama, Kōchi, Himeji, Komoro, Ōgaki, and Matsuyama castles; and Nagoya and Osaka castles. Tragically, the structures in Nagoya and Osaka would be devastated by aerial bombings in 1945, less than one year after the release of Nihon no shiro. Although ﬁercely proud of the “self-designed, self-carved, and self-printed” (jiga jikoku jizuri 自

画自刻自

) ethosof “Creative Prints” (sōsaku

hanga 創作版画), Hashimoto relied upon Yokoi Yoshikazu 横井義一to print the images in Nihon no shiro fromblocks he had carved himself. Yokoi generally worked for another Tokyo publisher, Doi Hangaten 土井版画店 (Doi Woodblock Print Shop); both the Katō Print Institute and the Doi Hangaten were publishers of “New Prints” (shin hanga 新版画), which were produced collaboratively in the traditional manner. Yet, Hashimoto still retained artistic control, as he later explained: For my published works I request the services of a trusted master printer. Even in this case, though, after carving the blocks I do two or three trial printing runs until I have printed the work to my satisfaction. I give this model to the printer, who prints the work using identical materials and techniques. [1] Considering its creation during wartime, when paper and other materials were in scarce supply and highly regulated, Nihon no shiro is an impressive publication. This book celebrating Japan’s castles—a potent symbol of the enduring strength of the Japanese people and heritage—may have helped hearten a populace weary of Japan’s long and increasingly diﬃcult war. Selected readings: Hashimoto Okiie, Atarashii hanga no michibikikata『新しい版画の導き方』(Tokyo: Bijutsu Shuppansha, 1953). Hashimoto Okiie, Hashimoto Okiie Nihon no

shiro zenhangashū『橋本興家日本の城全版畫集』(Tokyo: Kōdansha, 1978). Hashimoto Okiie, Nihon no meijō hangashū『日本の名城版画集』(Tokyo: Nihon Jōkaku Kyōkai, 1962). Jack Hillier, The Art of the Japanese Book, 2 vols. (London: Sotheby’s Publications by Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd., 1987), see esp. vol. 2, 1044–45. Lawrence Smith, Modern Japanese Prints

1912–1989: Woodblocks and Stencils (London: British Museum Press, 1994), 46. Copies in other collections: British Museum, London Columbia University Libraries, New York Harvard University Library, Cambridge Kyoto University Library of Graduate School of Letters and Faculty of Letters National Diet Library (NDL), Tokyo Peabody Essex Museum, Salem Princeton University, East Asian Library Reed College Library, Portland Tohoku University Library, Sendai University of California (UC) Berkeley Library [1] Author’s translation, from Hashimoto 1978, 133.

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Nihon no shiro 日本の城 (Japanese Castles, 1944)

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