Myanmar EITI Annual Activity Report July 2015 ‐– June 2016
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Message of the Chairman of the MEITI-MSG First of all, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the MSG members for their active participation throughout the process to delivering the functions of EITI implementation in Myanmar in order to improve fiscal transparency and accountability, and the revenue management system. As an EITI candidate country, Myanmar has published its first Myanmar EITI report which revealed findings related to the extractive sectors, especially revenue from the mining, oil and gas sector. Even though the first report could not cover the whole sector’s revenue, it was the first and significant achievement in such atmosphere where aforementioned information had been never shared to the public. In fact, it was the step to move forward to having transparency and accountability in the extractive sectors. Implementation of EITI is a continuous process. As the standards require, we remain committed to perform the tasks as planned in our country’s EITI work plan. This report highlights the efforts of our MSG and coordination team in achieving important priorities under the work plan. Currently, we have started drafting the 2nd MEITI report with the selection of Independent Administrators to reconcile the Government’s revenue and the extractive industries’ payment. No matter what challenges and difficulties prevailing, we sincerely believe that Myanmar EITI-MSG will be able to submit the report to international EITI within the stipulated time.
U Maung Maung Win Interim-Chairman
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1. General Assessment of Annual Performance
After Myanmar’s application was approved and accepted as an EITI candidate country, it has prepared and submitted the First Country EITI report on the reconciliation of the Government’s revenue and the extractive industries’ payments. The table below illustrates the process which MEITI undertook to deliver the first Myanmar EITI report. Implementation Process Steps Implemented
Status
Select Independent Administrator and decide the scope of the report
The technical sub-committee, with the support of International EITI, selected Moore Steven Team as the independent administrator.
Develop reporting template and collect data
Developed and explained the template to relevant stakeholders through a workshop
Finalize draft report and receive feedback and recommendations from MSG and each constituency group
Data collection process was completed on time with the support of various government departments’ representatives and selected private companies. The drafted report was finalized after incorporating feedback from all stakeholders and MSG in December 2015.
Finalize and submit First Myanmar EITI report to International EITI
First Myanmar EITI report was submitted to International EITI in January 2016.
Launch of the Inaugural MEITI Report and Preparation for Broader Dissemination The implementation of EITI and fulfilling the EITI requirements is a continuous proess. The MEITI team launched the report with other stakeholder representatives in Yangon during midMarch 2016. The MSG representatives participated actively in the launch of the report, as well as panel sessions wehre they responded to questions from the audience, leading to greater clarity and understanding of the report. However, the implementation process faces uncertainty and challenges given the political transition, and that slowed down the implementation process stipulated by the work plan. Other challenges include the shortage of budget, and the team is stil awaiting the approval of the grant contract. The MSG sub-committee members are trying to maintain and define various possible ways to disseminate the report to the public through the media. At the same time, the coordination team is engaging with two regions where subnational coordination units are actively involved, to advocate and share information with new administrators and relevant key personnel to enhance the understanding of implementing EITI. Subnational units will also be assuming responsibilities such as disseminating information and recommendations from the report and initiating public discourse on the report. Preparation for 2nd MEITI Report It is the candidate country’s obligation to meet the EITI standards and Myanmar has to submit its 2nd EITI report by January 2017. The preparation for the 2nd report is one of the key activities under this year’s work plan. While waiting to sign the agreement for grant during the political 3
transition in April 2016, the MEITI coordination team moved forward through facilitating and coordinating with MSG representatives, especially subcommittee members, World Bank, and International EITI Secretariat office in preparing and developing the Terms of Reference (TOR) for IA and budget forecasting for procurement. It is still an ongoing process while MEITI is awaiting the Government’s commitment to fill the structural gaps of Leading authority- champion and MSG and sign the agreement as early in third quarter of 2016.
MEITI National Secretariat The MEITI Coordination Team of CESD is currently the Secretariat, coordinating the implementation and information sharing amongst the MSG and constituency groups. Currently, it is handing over the function to the EITI unit under the Budget Department of Ministry of Finance (MOF). Both teams worked together in managing activities under the work plan during the period covered by this report. While the MOF team managed the MDTF fund of $290,000/-, it also worked on procurement and logistic for various events under the work plan in collaboration with MEITI Coordination team of CESD. Due to the difficulties in recruiting staff for the Secretariat team and the time needed to build required competency for key staff members of the MOF secretariat team, the handing over process has been longer than expected. Thus, it was extended to June 2016. Under such a situation, the combined team could manage and deliver the actions planned under the work plan up to December 2015 timely and tried to share human resource for managing those activities and preparation of first EITI report to be finished by timely by the end of December 2016. on the teams also organized regular team meetings among the MOF EITI Unit team, MEITI Coordination Team of CESD and World Bank up till February 2016. However, after facing uncertainties due to the political change and its impact on various Ministries’ functions, the meetings could not be conducted as usual. Therefore, both teams tried to maintain the momentum by organizing low cost subcommittee meetings. The Coordination Team also organized workshops on beneficial ownership, EITI implementation, and contract negotiation and transparency, with the respective support of partners – NRGI, Mongolia EITI, and GIZ. The Coordination team of CESD and the MOF secretariat discussed and prepared for the handover of administrative documents by the end of June 2016. As the coordination team of CESD depleted their own funds for managing day-to-day EITI coordination function, the CESD Team has committed to contribute their time on a voluntary basis as the MOF secretariat team still needs support for coordination and delivering the actions under the work plan
Regular MSG Meetings There were a total of four MSG meetings during the reporting period. Through these MSG meetings, participants discussed on scoping study recommendation to be used for making decision for not only scope for first EITI report but also for the process implementation of preparation for first EITI report in working with Independent Administrator to deliver the actions and develop the report in timely. Even though the final product may not be as comprehensive as it is ideally expected, the commitment and support from the MSG and the Chairperson has enabled both members of the private and public sector to contribute the best possible information and data on revenue administration in the data template stipulated by the MSG. During the meetings, decisions were also made such that the budget and funds were use and managed effectively, particularly in the field of capacity building for various constituency groups. CSO representatives also actively participated and gave their feedback and inputs throughout the process of preparation for the first Myanmar EITI report. With the commitment and overwhelming support stemming from each constituency group, Myanmar achieved its milestone of implementing EITI by submitting its first EITI report timely. The MSG also discussed and delivered the subsequent steps of releasing the EITI report to the wider public, and tried conducting outreach and communication activities to initate public dialogue under the work plan of 2016 when they faced challenges stemming from the handover process and the committee change due to the outcomes of the 2015 election.. 4
Regular MSG Sub-Committee Meetings From July 2015 to June 2016, there were more than 25 sub-committee meetings. The subcommittees are namely, Outreach and Communication sub-committee, Work plan and Governance sub-committee, and Technical sub-committee. Individual sub-committees effectively and actively discussed the relevant issues carried out their respective roles and responsibilities such that decisions can be made efficiently at MSG meetings and activities can be prioritized and implemented according to the work plan. . Working alongside one another has helped to build rapport and relationships that are extremely useful in facilitating cooperation between the constituency groups and consensus decision making. As there are numerous challenges for Myanmar to overcome in order to improve transparency and accountability, the MSG tries to manage the time constraint and existing limitations revolving the legal framework and , and promote and build better coordination and relationships among the three stakeholder groups. Such efforts were only possible given the open and flexible environment facilitated by the subcommittee meetings. Outreach, Communications and Capacity-Development Under this reporting period, the Sub-National Coordination Units (SNCU) was also initiated and started to implement as pilot project in Mandalay region where many gold mining projects are located, and Magway region where many small, medium and some major oil production projects are located. During the initial stage, the SNCU seems to be functioning well, but due to the representatives’ lack of understanding at the regional level, the functions were not carried out as quickly as expected. After key decision makers are changed after the November election in 2015, the CSO representatives who are selected as representatives for their respective regional subnational coordination unit team tried to continue organizing meetings among SNCU members till today. For example, Magway SNCU group invited the National Coordination team representatives to present to the new Chief Minister of the region to help him understand the objectives of the SNCU and how it is related with the National MSG TOR, the work plan, and the existing problems and conflicts in their respective region’s extractive sector. And they also continuous in action of review and replace the three constituency groups representative with more committed and giving time for SNCU too. Mandalay SNCU is also trying to do the same and help the new Chief Minister of the region to better understand the role of SNCU through sharing the first EITI report and other relevant EITI documents and information with the new administrators. Individual constituency group’s capacity building was conducted through organizing specific trainings for Government, Private and CSOs using the findings from the training need assessment which was conducted by International EITI consultant during mid-2015. The topics covered under the capacity building trainings are: (1) Understanding EITI in broader context and the Importance of Reporting, (2) Facilitating and Communicating with Different Stakeholders, and (3) Basic Natural Resource Governance from the perspective of EITI. The SNCU also disseminated the first Myanmar EITI report broadly to other stakeholders from the three constituency groups and media to enhance their understanding on the report’s findings and recommendations that are to be implemented in the future as a continuous reform process. It also had the chance to share the EITI report with all Members of Parliament from Yangon Division and seek their actions to take on the recommended reform actions. The coordination team also followed up with the decision of the sub-committee to engage with the media. As it was discussed in May 2016, the coordination team hopes to share the first EITI report’s recommendations and finding with the public through platforms such as radio or TV programs, news outlet such as MRTV in August 2016. In order to continuously engage the International EITI, the MSG representatives and coordination team members, including the National Coordinator, participated in several International events organized by International EITI in collaboration with Philippines EITI, NRGI, and GIZ Mongolia, to enhance relationships and networks with regional countries that have implemented the EITI and possess relevant experiences to be applied in the context of Myanmar. Myanmar consequently also enjoys opportunities to learn from other countries’ experiences and thus, be 5
able to be better unleash the potential and manage existing risks through dialogue in these platforms. Participants in these events also had the chance to gain a deeper understanding of the EITI report, the reforms required, and the updated standards, which then can be communicated to respective constituency group members through the MSG meetings. Long-Term Funding for EITI The implementation of EITI is a continuous action for the country and it needs to have enough budget to implement activities under its work plan for the next three years for Myanmar to reach the level of a compliant country. It has discussed with development partners like DFID, DFAD, EU, and the World Bank, and it has also prepared the budget forecast by reflecting its work plan for the subsequent three years which was agreed by Development Partners, supported through the World Bank. Although MEITI prepared and did up the budget plan by the end of November 2015, the political change affected the plan as political appointments and leadership structure were affected by the transition, causing delay in the signing of the agreement between MOF and WB. This is still awaiting the Cabinet’s decision. As such, the implementation process of EITI in Myanmar to deliver the prioritised activities under the work plan since March 2016 was also delayed. Under such circumstances, the coordination team has being trying to maintain some functions such as organize workshops on beneficial ownership and contract negotiation and transparency with the budgetary support from NRGI and GIZ Mongolia for Myanmar MSG representatives and Mongolia EITI representatives. Thus, the coordination team and the MSG are trying to maintain the momentum by incurring minimal cost while it waits for the signing of agreement between the government and the World Bank. MEITI MSG and Civil Society’s Concerns Additional Inputs from CSOs: Successes: 1. Sub-committee meetings are conducted regularly and effectively even when the national level MSG meeting has stopped. 2. Similarly, Sub-National Coordination Units meetings in MDY and Magway are conducted regularly while the government members have not been officially appointed. 3. Civil society has built good relationship with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation. They have organized and participated in mining monitoring trip together with CSO, regional and local governments, Department of Mines, and the private sector in January 2016. They are also planning to conduct a similar trip again in June-July 2016 in the Sagaing region. 4. CSO representatives - MSG-MEITI has organized a press conference regarding its position and stance on the first Myanmar EITI report in January 2016. 5. Due to the formation of Sub National Coordination Units in the Mandalay region, the situation of illegal mining has slightly improved as there is a better monitoring process and local responsive mechanism by three constituencies, and the SNCU members. 6. CSO has facilitated community research in Lapadaung copper mine and advocated Members of Parliament, regional government and the media to respond to the findings in June 2016. 7. CSO conducted an advocacy meeting with Members of Parliament in Natural Resources Committees in Ahmyothar and Phythu Hluttaw, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, and regional governments in May 2016, highlighting the importance of implementing EITI recommendations to enhance transparency and accountability in natural resources governance in Myanmar. 6
Challenges: 1. There were no capacity development activities for MEITI-MSG apart from the workshop on beneficial ownership which was held in May 2016. 2. Although regular SNCU meetings were held at the regional level, there is a need for the SNCU to be more functional so that they can effectively respond to local issues and improve resources management in the regions. 3. CSO has submitted its recommendations (13 in total) upon the final draft version of Myanmar EITI report in the 12th MSG meeting which was held in Dec 2015; however, the first Myanmar EITI report has not covered and reflected them in their entirety. 4. MEITI-MSG has yet to conduct public debates in the regions regarding the first Myanmar EITI report, and has only launched the report in March 2016. 5. MDTF fund has been delayed because it has yet to receive the government’s official approval to implement MEITI activities according to the work plan. This is because there exists much bureaucratic red tapes between MEITI Secretariat team from CESD (Former MDRI) and the MOPF. 6. CSO has changed its representatives in November and December internally. Myanmar Alliance ob Transparency and Accountability (MATA) and CSO representatives have informed MEITI Secretariat with an official change of appointment letter; however, MEITI-Secretariat has yet to recognize the changes and they are still using the old CSO representatives’ names meetings, workshops or training invitations. Thus, the CSO-MSG representative feels that they have been discriminated against amongst other constituencies within the MEITI-MSG. 7. The official announcement to continue implementing the Myanmar EITI process has not been released yet. Therefore, there exists uncertainty in the continuation of MEITI implementation process.
Recommendations to Improve Engagement and the Implementation of EITI in Myanmar from the Perspective of Relevant Constituencies First Myanmar EITI report is highly incomplete. However, the recommendations are strong. Nevertheless, there is little discussion on how to implement these recommendations amongst the MEITI-MSG members. CSO is also mainly concerned that the MEITI-MSG will produce the second Myanmar EITI report based on the weak points of the first report as mentioned below, Approximately 50 percent of public money from oil, gas and mining are kept by stateowned economic enterprises (SEEs) in off-budget’s “Other Accounts.” It is necessary to disseminate the information regarding the list of active oil, gas, gemstones and mineral licenses updated as of March 2014 so that these information can be publicly available. The value of jade production and revenue generation should be disclosed as only 54 percent of the gemstone companies in the emporium,— a small fraction of the total industry -- was covered in the first Myanmar EITI report. The revenues from the extractive industry should be reported on a project-by-project basis so that public can understand the sources of resource revenues and their respective owners, to monitor their performance in managing the projects in accordance with the standards. Licensing procedures and allocation criteria has to be disclosed according to the EITI requirements to improve transparency and accountability. Data on beneficial ownership has to be disclosed according to revised EITI standard in 2016. 7
Contracts and licenses’ terms should be disclosed despite the EITI guidelines ‘encourage’ disclosure. The lack of transparency and disclosure reduces stakeholders’ ability to monitor and enforce companies’ financial, operational and social obligation.
Thus, CSO urged all MEITI-MSG to place emphasis on implementing the above-mentioned points to improve the transparency mechanism for better natural resources governance in Myanmar. As a first step to implement Myanmar first EITI report’s recommendations, the CSO would like the MEITI-Secretariat to follow up the decision stemming from the Outreach and Communication, Governance and Work plan sub-committee meeting, which was held on 3rd June: 1. As an advocacy group of the MEITI-MSG, one representative from MEITI-MSG will meet with EITI-related ministries in July 2016 to discuss what the ministries are doing regarding the recommendations. This is to better understand the challenges, strengths, and opportunities to move forward with the recommendations on revenue management to enhance resource governance in Myanmar. 2. In order to meaningfully implement the EITI process in Myanmar, CSO would like to recommend that more capacity building opportunities be offered on top of workshops and trainings. This entails offering all MEITI-MSG members (3 constituencies) opportunities to act as the facilitator in the meetings, discussions, workshops, etc. According to the consensus decision making practices within MSG members of EITI process, it is required that 3 constituencies have a sense of equal participation and non-discrimination without any impeding information sharing. 3. Although MEITI communication strategy has been drafted since late 2015, there is no major attempt to implement this strategy. The strategy entails outreach activities to raise public awareness on Myanmar’s EITI implementation process. Moreover, the communication mechanism is not properly worked out when the information is shared internally or externally. 4. Myanmar EITI-MSG is required to agree and develop the strategy vs work plan in accordance with Myanmar’s context to implement the MEITI process effectively and efficiently. 5. Finally, CSO would like to recommend developing an action plan to carry out the implementation of the first Myanmar EITI report’s recommendations by MEITI-MSG. Additional Input from Governments: (Still waiting while they are confusing and not clear their role) Additional Input from Privates: (Still waiting while they are preparing )
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2. Assessment of performance against targets and activities set out in the workplan The MSG discussed and reviewed the Work plan’s objectives and activities after the MSG workshop for 2014-2015 Annual Activity Progress Report. It was revised with more clarification on the activities but it did not change the context of the work plan with the inputs of MSG member by the end of February 2016. The following is an assessment of progress against the activities in the Work plan, from July 2015 (when the Work plan was agreed by the MSG) until June 2016. Objective 1: Contribute to broader reform for resource governance Number Activity Status Time in WP
Remark/ Summary of Progress from July 2014-July 2015
1.2.1
Carry out legal study to build on Not recommendations of legal review and the achieved scope of the study
Mid 2017
This was discussed by the MSG at the time when the Work plan was finalized in April 2014, and was briefly discussed again at the MSG workshop in July 2015. It will be carried forward in the revised Work plan as an activity for the subsequent year.
1.2.2
Prepare for drafting of the EITI bill Not including consultation with legislators achieved and other key stakeholders
Early 2017
This was discussed by the MSG at the time the Work plan was agreed to in April 2014 and was briefly discussed again by the MSG at the MSG workshop in July 2015. It will be included as an activity in the revised Work plan, based on the findings of the legal study.
1.2.3
Government EITI Coordination 1. Establish inter-departmental EITI working group under each key EITIrelated ministry (EITI Special Units) 2. Review and strengthen existing governmental EITI coordination mechanism
Mid 2014 and onward s
Some ministries, e.g. Ministry of Mines, established an interdepartmental EITI working group. However, the Ministry of Energy, MOECAF and GAD have indicated that they may set up a working group. Ministry of Finance have not yet done so, but have established the EITI National Secretariat unit.
Partially achieved / Ongoing
However, the process is awaiting with the guidance and commitment of the new Government. The renewal of 9
commitment by the new Government can reduce the delay and confusion within the MSG structure, as it is currently fraught with uncertainty due to the change in government representatives. 1.2.4
MEITI Coordination Office/ Secretariat transition to Ministry of Finance (MDRIMEITI team to work with Leading Authority to agree and implement stepby-step plan)
Partially achieved / Ongoing
Mid 2016
A plan was agreed with the Government EITI Leading Authority that the MDRI-CESD MEITI Coordination Office would slowly hand over responsibility of the National Secretariat function to a designated team in the Ministry of Finance. This could not implemented as planned in the late 2015. Due to not having enough staff members and the turnover of the department head, the plan of the handover process was pushed back to early 2016, and then the end of June 2016. The CESD MEITI Coordination Office continues to work as closely as possible with this team, although the handover process is completed in June 2016. It is therefore expected that the CESD team will need to continue to work with the team in the Ministry of Finance for the foreseeable future.
1.2.5
1.2.6
Identify and plan the support required for Not the government (central and regional achieved offices) to understand and calculate: 1. regional/local extractive industries’ contribution to national economy and 2. production and export volumes and pricing
Mid 20142015
Establish a centralised government Not register of licenses which covers both the achieved national and sub-national levels
Mid 20162019
The Independent Administrator’s Terms of Reference included an assessment of these requirements. It is anticipated that the Independent Administrator will make recommendations for improving and strengthening the government’s management and collation of such data moving forward. This activity is therefore carried over into next year’s Work plan. This activity has been included in the Work plan by the MSG with the caveat that it is not strictly or normally an EITI issue, but that it was included to ensure alignment with EITI Requirement 3.9. 10
Discussions about establishing a minerals cadastre are now in place with MOM. This activity will therefore remain in the Work plan for 2016-2017, and there will also be a workshop at the end of 2015/early 2016 to identify and decide on the best options for Myanmar. 1.2.7
Carry out review of the illegal and Not artisanal and small scale mining (ASM) achieved sector to understand potential contribution to national economy and estimation of production data
Late 2014
This activity was included in Moore Stephens TOR, and will therefore be carried forwards into next year based on the Independent Administrator’s recommendations.
1.2.8
Carry out review of the jade and Achieve gemstone sectors for other potential d inclusion in scope of second MEITI report (If not effectively covered and/or included in scoping study and first EITI report)
Early 2016
In December 2014, the MSG agreed that the scope of the study would only include formal government data on jade and gemstones from the Gems Emporium. As such, the entire jade and gemstone sectors will not be wholly covered in the study or in the first MEITI report. There have been some discussion in the MSG regarding the options for producing this report and some preliminary data has been gathered. The MSG decided in June 2015 that the review should be carried out after the scoping study has been completed.
1.2.9
Government (including SOE) needs to In identify its level of ownership in the progress sector
Mid 20142017
There has been initial discussion during the government’s working committee meetings, especially on the available data for the scoping study’s preparation. There exists a need for continuous discussion amongst key stakeholders. This was also included in the Independent Administrator’s TORs and will be carried forward based on their recommendations
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accordingly. 1.2.10
Government to review availability of In EITI-related data among SOEs for progress disclosure in EITI report
Mid 20142016
There has been initial discussion during the government working committee meetings, especially on the available data for the scoping study’s preparation. There exists a need for continuous discussion amongst key stakeholders. This was also included in the Independent Administrator’s TORs and will be carried forward based on their recommendations accordingly.
1.2.11
Government to review extractive Partially Mid industry-related sub-national practices, achieved 2014payments and revenues / on 2015 going
This was discussed in the MSG sub-committee and a representative of the Internal Revenue Department offered to organise a workshop to review extractive industry-related practices at the subnational level. It was organized in late 2015. This was included in the Independent Administrator’s TORs and will be carried forward based on their recommendations accordingly.
1.2.12
Carry out a study to map and identify levels of beneficial ownership in the extractive sectors in Myanmar (If not effectively covered and/or included in scoping study)
Under discussio n
End 2016
The MSG discussed this when agreeing to include it in the Work plan in April 2014. In March, a government representative from the Myanmar Investment Commission participated in a beneficial ownership workshop organised by the EITI International Secretariat in the UK. The issue of beneficial ownership was discussed briefly at the MSG workshop in July 2015. The oil and gas companies present indicated that they would not have a problem making their beneficial owners public and for this to be included on a public
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register in Myanmar. It was noted that the mining company representatives were less comfortable with this suggestion. The Independent Administrator’s TOR for the scoping study requires them to propose a definition of beneficial ownership consistent with EITI requirement 3.11.d, and a mechanism for reporting and disclosure in accordance with EITI Requirements 3.11.a-b. 1.2.13
1.2.14
1. Government to agree procedure for disclosure of information related to the allocation of licenses 2. Disclose information about bidding process including list of applicants and the bid criteria (2013-2014) in line with EITI 2013 Standard Requirement 3.10
In Progress
Late 20142015
This activity, which focuses on MOGE and the disclosure of some data about the 2013-2014 bidding process, was briefly discussed in one or two MSG meetings and in some subcommittee meetings. The information was provided to the Independent Administrator for inclusion in their report.
MSG members will explore the In methodology and the extent of contract Progress disclosure and social expenditures
20142015
Contract disclosure and social expenditures have been briefly discussed a few times, although not formally at a regular MSG meeting. At the MSG workshop in July 2015, there was some discussion about contract disclosure. The Independent Administrator’s TOR covers both of these issues in line with EITI Requirements 3.12 (b) and 4.1 (b). It is therefore expected that the MSG will address these issues more substantially once the Independent Administrator has completed their work.
Objective 2: Create enabling environment for EITI Activity
Activity
Status
Time in
Remarks/Summary of Progress during 2014-2015 13
Number 2.1.1
2.2.1
WP 1. Carry out Training Needs Assessment for MSG and key stakeholders 2. Design training plan, training manual materials etc. to include training of trainers (TOT) Two or 3 training activities per year depending on training needs identified/training plan - for MSG members
Achieve d
Mid 2015
The draft training plan has been produced and the accompanying report was finalised and approved in early September.
Achieve d/ ongoing
End 20152019
Several training activities were offered/delivered to MSG members throughout the year (although these took place before the training needs assessment had been carried out).
2.2.2
MSG Study Tour & Exchange visit to Achieve Mongolia d
Late 2014
A group of MSG representatives was invited to Mongolia in November 2014 by GIZ to participate in a conference and meet Mongolian EITI representatives to share, learn and discuss EITI implementation.
2.2.3
MSG Study Tour & Exchange visit to the Philippines
Mid-late 2014
This took place later than originally anticipated, but was a very valuable experience for the MSG participants.
2.2.4
Government training and capacity Achieve Mid development (as requested by government) d/Ongoin 20141. Basic natural resource governance g Onwards training to EITI related (Union) ministries 2. Basic natural resource governance and EITI training to regional governments (especially from resource rich states and regions) 3. Advance Natural Resource Governance and Reporting Practice Training to MEITI Government, Working Group and Working Group/Focal Group from Each EITI Related
A range of EITI related training has been offered to key government ministries, including: - Introduction to EITI o Ministry of Mines o Various other ministries including GAD and some parliamentarians - Natural Resource Governance o Ministry of Mines - Preparation for EITI Reporting o Ministry of Finance o Various government departments
Achieve d
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Government Agencies 4. Fiscal regime in EI related training 5. International accounting standard and project financing and evaluation training
2.2.5
Civil Society Organisation (CSOs) training Achieve Mid and capacity development d / 2014Training activities to be developed as per Ongoing 2016 Training Needs Assessment
A number of CSO training activities took place during the year are including – Introduction to EITI TOT for EITI Awareness Natural Resource Governance Contract Transparency In particular, NRGI is working closely with Myanmar CSOs to support them and build capacity to participate effectively in the EITI process.
2.2.6
Private Sector training and capacity development Training activities to be developed as per Training Needs Assessment
Achieve Mid d/Ongoin 2014g 2016
Prioritised training for the private sector will focus on supporting the reporting companies with the reporting process. However, some local level companies have participated in events related to outreach and raising awareness, especially in Mandalay and Magway where the two subnational coordination units have been established. There are plans to to organize two trainings for Private Sector with MFMA in Yangon and Mandalay by December 2015.
2.3.1
Legal Review
Achieve d
A legal consultant (Baker & McKenzie) was contracted by the World Bank in 2013 to carry out the legal review. The final report was produced in 2014.
2.3.2
Political Study)
Economy
Study
(Pre-scoping Achieve d
Late 20132014
By mid Adam Smith International: ‘Institutional and Regulatory 2014 Assessment of the Extractive Industries in Myanmar’ was 15
finalised and published in 2015.
Objective 3: Prepare and facilitate the process for implementing EITI
Number
Activity
Status
Time in WP
3.1.1
Prepare and secure World Bank Multi Achieved Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) funding until end 2015
A USD 290,000 grant to the Ministry of Finance from the World Bank-managed EITI MDTF provides funding until the end of 2015. This is complemented by Bank-executed activities, including financing of a technical adviser, a communications consultant, and a public financial management consultant, and the financing of the Scoping Study. The Bank-executed activities are also financed by the EITI MDTF.
3.1.2
Prepare and Secure DFID and/or alternative development partner for shortmedium-long term funding
In principle agreement has been reached with the World Bank to provide a grant from Myanmar Partnership MDTF, with funding from DFID and perhaps DFAT. Grant development is underway.
3.1.3
Prepare and secure contribution to EITI
3.1.4
Prepare and secure core funding for MEITI Achieved Coordination Office
Given the need for ongoing MDRI MEITI team support to the EITI process and the Ministry of Finance, funding is being factored in to the revised 2016 – 2019 Work plan.
3.2.1
Hold MSG Meeting every two months
MSG meetings have been held regularly approximately every 2 months.
In progress
government Under discussio n
Onward
Achieved Candidate / Ongoing Onward
Remarks/ Summary of Progress during 2014-2015
Some preliminary discussion has been held with the government on the potential financial contribution to EITI.
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3.2.2
Establish MSG Sub-Committees, Achieved Candidate Taskforces, Supporting Committees or / Ongoing Onward Monitoring Committees as necessary and hold Meetings accordingly
In July 2014 the MSG agreed to establish 3 subcommittees to support its work and with the mandate to work in more detail on key areas, on behalf of the MSG. The 3 sub-committees are: Work plan and Governance Technical and Reporting Communications and Outreach The 3 sub-committees have met regularly during the year.
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
Procure reconciler firm to carry out Achieved After detailed scoping study and prepare first / Ongoing MEITI MEITI report Candidacy Applicatio n Approved Achieved Early 2015 Scoping Study
The Independent Administrator was procured in June 2015. The MSG established a ‘Selection Committee’ to oversee and lead the selection process.
1. MSG to agree scope and definition of Achieved materiality threshold for the first report based on the results of the scoping study 2. Reconciler to develop reporting templates with MSG in line with agreed scope 3. MSG to approve the reporting templates Achieved Training on EITI reporting and templates for all Reporting Entities
Based on scoping study, early 2015
This activity was delayed slightly. It is anticipated that the scoping study will be finalised in October 2015. The MSG has agreed on the scope and reporting templates accordingly.
After scope agreed (2015) Jan 2016
This was carried out by Moore Stephens, the Independent Administrator after the scope of the first report has been agreed.
After
Once the draft report was finalised, and the MSG and key
3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8
Preparation and Production of MEITI Achieved report Approve and Launch Of MEITI Report by Achieved
This activity was delayed to mid-late 2015.
Moore Stephens produced the first MEITI report. This began in October 2015.
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3.3.1
3.3.2
3.4.1
MSG
-Ongoing
completio n of MEITI Report
Prepare for the 2nd Report including procurement of Reconciler and possible second scoping study
Under process
Early The MSG will make a decision on this during 2016. 2016-End 2016 2016-2017 This will take place during 2016 (possibly 2017).
Under Production of 2nd MEITI Report discussio n Under Engage in validation, review and approval discussio of validation report n
By January 2017
stakeholders have had the opportunity to give any feedback, the MSG formally approved the report. Once the final version had been approved it was officially launched.
Validation must take place by January 2017 (2.5 years after candidate status granted).
Objective 4: Increase the accessibility of data (Communication and Information Sharing) Number
Activity
4.1
Widespread communication and Ongoing dissemination of MEITI report, ensuring contribution to public debate including e.g.: - Press Release - (Media) Including TV, Radio, Print, events and activities Ongoing MEITI Website (regular updating and maintenance)
4.2.1
Status
Time in Remarks/ Summary of Progress during 2014-2015 WP Early It has been taking place once the EITI report is published 2016-late and in line with the Communications Strategy. 2106
2014 and A new Communications Officer was appointed in June Ongoing 2015. The website is also now being revised and improved. It has been handed over to the MOF team by April 2015 and one staff who is assigned to undertake the role of 18
communications.
4.2.2
4.2.3
MEITI Secretariat to establish online and physical 'library' of EITI related information for EITI stakeholders (where the information is not publicly available, it should be approved by MSG) Develop MEITI plan/strategy
Ongoing
communications Achieve d
The MEITI office are collating numerous relevant and Late 2014 - insightful documents/reports etc. which will be available Onwards for downloading from the MEITI website (in both Myanmar and English languages).
Late 2015
Ongoing
In line with the MEITI Communications Strategy, a range Late 2014 - of communications and outreach events and activities will Onwards held each year, including e.g.: - National EITI conference - Annual MSG workshop - Subnational coordination unit events - Outreach events and workshops
Ongoing
20142016
Various outreach events were held during the year as follow 7 seminars with EITI introduction of regional level 8 trainings and workshops with Media and Government
Partially Mid Achieve 2014d 2016 /Ongoing
Outreach events were held primarily for CSOs and government stakeholders during the year.
Implement communications plan/strategy including e.g. information, education and communication materials, outreach events, workshops, seminars etc. 4.2.4 Possible Outreach Events to include: 1. Seminars and workshops (approx. 15) 2. National EITI Conference 4.2.5
Outreach events for each constituency group
This will also be covered in the Communications Strategy. This activity was slightly delayed but was produced by the end of 2015.
4.2.6 4.2.7
MSG to discuss and agree options for Partially establishing regional CSO-government EITI Achieve
Late 2014
This activity became the MSG agreement, in December 2014, to establish the ‘pilot’ 4 subnational coordination 19
support groups d - options for establishing groups followed up
Not achieved
Onward
units. The agreed 4 states and regions were: Mandalay, Magway, Shan and Rakhine. By July 2015, two of these-- Mandalay and Magway -had been successfully established. It is intended that the remaining 2 will be established as per the MSG decision later this year.
Late 2016 Onwards
The following activities all contribute to ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the EITI process: - CSOs as non-reporting entities, play monitoring and oversight role - The Annual Activity Report process - Regular Workplan and Governance Sub-Committee meetings i.e. the governance, institutions etc. of the EITI process. - The Validation process (for Myanmar this will begin by January 2017).
MSG to establish internal monitoring and evaluation mechanism e.g. MSG Monitoring and Evaluation Sub-Committee
Whether additional monitoring is still needed can be discussed by the MSG. 4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
2016 Post MEITI First Report Activities - Evaluate and review first report process - Follow up MEITI Report recommendations - Carry out any research/ studies as necessary including CSO study using participatory action research methodology and PAME 1. Carry out review of government financial Under data management system needs for effective process EITI implementation (Consultant) 2. Consultant to develop the system based on the needs identified, and provide training
2016 Onwards
Not applicable during this year
20152016
This activity will be carried based on the IA’s recommendations in the first MEITI report.
20
accordingly Achieve d
March 2015
This was one of the key objectives of the MSG workshop in Pyin Oo Lwin in July 2015. The MSG Workplan and Governance Sub-Committee has met a few times to discuss the Workplan and budget. In particular, after the MSG workshop in July, there have been several meetings to review and revise the Workplan in time for the MSG’s approval in September.
MSG to review and revise the Workplan
4.3.4
MSG to review annual progress (Workplan), produce annual activity/progress report and send to International Secretariat 4.3.5
Partially Achieve d
February 2016July 2016
The main objective of the MSG Workshop in Pyin Oo Lwin in July 2015 was to review annual progress against the Work plan and prepare for the Annual Activity Report. However, as this was not possible, the process of preparing the Annual Activity Report was slightly delayed.
21
3. Assessment of performance against EITI requirements During the course of the year (from July 2015 to June 2016), the MSG had 4 meetings, and there were meetings of each sub-committee at least once in between MSG meetings. In preparation for the Independent Administrator’s TORs for 2nd EITI report, which was substantially discussed by the MSG Technical and Reporting Sub-Committee, the committee ensured that each of the EITI Requirements would be covered in the scope of the IA’s work. Even though this is the second year of EITI implementation for Myanmar, progress in meeting specific requirements in the Standard has been limited given the time constraint and the changing Government structure. Thus, the second report would have its scope extended and additional sections. However, while the first report is completed timely and contains useful recommendations, it is difficult to hold regular meetings to enforce the implementation of reform measures due to the impact of political change and its consequent structural change in the Government’s Ministries. Even though the EITI Requirements per se were not formally discussed in MSG meetings in 2016, they are all included in the Work plan and also in the Independent Administrator’s TOR. The MSG will be able to discuss them more systematically during and after the Independent Administrator has designated their tasks for the second report. Beneficial ownership (3.11) Even the workshop on Understanding Beneficial Ownership was organized in early June, there is still the need for continuous discussion on of the definition of BO by Myanmar EITI. This component in the work plan is delayed and will be postponed to late 2016.
Contracts (3.12) Due to the uncertainties within the MSG caused by the changes in political appointments within the Ministries, the component of contract transparency could not move forward as planned. It was also difficult to build a broader understanding on existing practices and cover topics under the contractdespite the drafts by both parties in the public and private sectors. are following the same legal framework.
22
4. Overview of the Multi-Stakeholder Group’s Responses to the Recommendations from Reconciliation and Validation, if applicable Under the process of preparation by MSG sub-committee, it has been decided that separate meetings with respective Government departments’ key staff members will be conducted to allow them to have an understanding on the report’s recommendations and how they can be integrated in their existing development and reform plans. Due to the political change, Myanmar administrative structure are also relatively fluid given that some ministries are merging and Ministerial appointments are filled with new members. Advocacy on the report’s recommendation and the implementation will be prioritized in the next six months of 2016.
5. Any specific strengths or weaknesses identified in the EITI process
Strengths Coordination Under the reporting period, coordination among three constituency groups is continuously improved and having dialogue for better improvement of policy reform and issue management between Government and CSOs representatives like having meeting with Mining for some issues related mining in region. Participation of sub committee members is functioning well even there was some changes in focal for sub com member from the side of Government and CSOs, was not impact in the coordination for moving forward the action. It was also organized regular internal team meeting among CESD coordination team, MOF secretariat Team and WB focal persons monthly until early 2016. It’s also build the effective dialogue and making decision for delivering the activities under work plan and prioritise activity in line with requirements and time frame. Debate and Adaptation to Context As a continuous action of developing the TOR for IA and the preparation plan for the first EITI report, debates on the scope, reporting template, including the number of companies based on their revenue payment to Government took place and the follow sectors are decided by scoping study: Oil and Gas Mining (including jade and gemstones but only formal government’s Gem Emporium data) Even though the MSG agreed that a separate feasibility study to determine the inclusion of the hydropower sector into the EITI process should also be carried out in time for the second MEITI report in its first annual progress report, the dialogue at sub-committee meetings also pushed for the inclusion of the fishery sector. While the MSG mechanism is slowed down, it is still maintaining dialogue and discussion through sub-committee meetings to discuss the preparation of the IA’s TOR. Increased Dialogue In terms of increasing engagement with stakeholders, the MEITI process led to civil society representatives entering into a regular, open dialogue and relationship with key ministries. For example, as a result of discussions in the MSG, CSOs and Ministry of Mines representatives are now meeting on a regular basis. It is also set up mechanism of having regular dialogue and meeting among three stakeholders representatives at two pilot regions where SNCU set up as pilot. 23
Outreach, Inclusion and Capacity Development There were considerable efforts to build awareness and capacity of MEITI stakeholders throughout the year. This includes numerous training sessions for all key stakeholder groups, including some not directly involved in the MEITI process such as the media and parliamentarians. There were also numerous outreach events at the subnational level in several states and regions. Most of them were organised collaboratively by MATA and CESD MEITI Coordination Office to raise awareness in communities. At times, MATA CSO coalition and some government support are involved. It was also organized trainings related technical knowledge building for three stakeholders and some skill required for constituency groups to do better coordination and delivering the action effectively in facilitative approach by the late 2015 in collaborate with NRGI and with some external International experts for facilitation and communication sill. By the end of 2015, some trainings were organized for the three types of stakeholders in terms of technical knowledge build up, and constituency groups were also offered opportunities to develop coordination, communication, and facilitation skills. These were conducted in collaboration with NRG and various external international experts. Positive Reflections The first Multi Donor Trust Fund for implementing EITI in Myanmar was depleted by the end of 2015 and due to the delay of signing the grant agreement caused by the political change, MSG members have been trying to maintain the momentum and contribute their time on low-cost deliverables while attempting to find the collective solution to meet the EITI requirements and standards. to support better reform of the accountability and transparency practice and mechanism in Myanmar under the critical change of political situation when Government representatives are unclear for their role and participation in EITI. Weaknesses Myanmar tried to implement EITI and overcome some challenges to improve coordination among the three groups who lack trust in one another. After the first EITI report has been developed, Myanmar is preparing for the second report to be submitted timely in early 2017 while ensuring to carry out the recommendations from the first report. Limitation . Build a balanced tripartite understanding and confidence towards the building of a developed nation while ensuring good governance and transparency; · Regular verbal communication between different interest groups is necessary to improve more strategic communication through the MEITI communication channel. · Have expectation of being a member of MSG, become a member after overcoming obstacles, need to gain benefits for the general public; · Mixed results: While there is some improvement, there were unpleasant occurrences at the ground level., Some examples are the Lapadaung case in Sagaing Region ,Pin Pat Mining in Shan State, Ta Gaung Taung Nikle Mining in Sagaing Region, etc. ·
Establish good relations with the government, companies, and CSO. However, CSO still 24
feels that there is a difference between champion and MSG member in reality. · There are many challenges ahead in the action plan and the work plan for the next year to agree upon consensus practices. -
After political change takes place, new leaders are trying to manage and improve various sectors. As they place more focus on building peac , EITI was less prioritized. The change in leadership and ministerial appointments made existing MSG structure uncertain as Government representatives are unclear of their participation and state of involvement.
-
Poor Data Quality It was covered under the recommendation from the first EITI report. Ideal data collection could not be implemented as the key practitioners involved with the data management do not have a clear understanding on the importance ensuring good data quality. It could not link and collaborate between development of quality data in Ministry with the support of other development agency, have being implementing process and EITI data quality requirement. Institutional Culture and Paradigm Shift After the 2015 November election, the change in the country’s authority and resulting bureaucrati change often hamper progress in EITI implementation. This ranges from simple meeting requests (which often require various levels of authorisation, approval and procedure), to disclosing agreed data/information for the purpose of EITI reporting (which, in this first year of reporting, has presented a significant challenge). As the government reforms slowly continue, and people become increasingly familiar with the EITI process over time, we hope that these constraints will be reduced and the systems involved will improve. Therefore, the transition to greater transparency and open operating environment– in line with the spirit of EITI – is likely to necessitate a major paradigm shift that will probably need more time. Institutionalisation The National Secretariat in the Ministry of Finance was supposed to be firmly established during the course of the year, with the aim of being fully functional by the end of 2015. However, due to various challenges during the year, the MDRI-CESD MEITI Coordination Office team continues to play the lead role of the National Secretariat function, with some part-time participation from the MOF EITI team. The MDRI-CESD MEITI Coordination Office team has made clear the importance of assigning full time MOF staff to EITI activities. The aim is to have a fully functioning MEITI National Secretariat team based in the Ministry of Finance who effectively supports the MSG as required. In practice, it was difficult to collaborate between two teams as the CESD MEITI is based in Yangon while the MOF EITI is based in Nay Pyi Taw., The difference in locations also delayed the hand over process and thus, it was extended to the end of June 2016. Expectations Human rights-related concerns and grievances have been brought into EITI MSG discussions repeatedly during the year, even though EITI as a process is not equipped or intended to capture these issues. It is therefore very clear that there is a strong need in Myanmar for other fora in which human rights-related issues and concerns can be properly addressed. This could include, for example, corporate grievance mechanisms, a credible and responsive human rights commission, and the general strengthening and implementation of the Rule of Law.
25
5. Total Costs of Implementation Costs for implementation were divided during 2014-2015 as follows:
Executing Agency
Beneficiary
Budget
DFID Accountable Grant ‘for Strategic Coordination of EITI in Myanmar’ DFID Externally Funded Output (EFO)
CESD
Effective EITI implementation for the benefit of the people and government of Myanmar
July 2014 - February 2016: USD 331,318 Extension up to June 2016- USD
World Bank
Overall support for effective EITI implementation
May 2013 – May 2015: USD 599,600
World Bank Global EITI Multi Donor Trust Fund (Global EITI MDTF)
Ministry of Finance MEITI Secretariat / World Bank
MEITI Work plan implementation
2014- December 2015: USD 290,000 plus Bankexecuted technical assistance
World Bank Myanmar Partnership Multi Donor Trust Fund (MP-MDTF)
Ministry of Finance MEITI Secretariat / World Bank
MEITI Work plan implementation
From January 2016 until 2019 (4 years? subject to MSG decision) ‐ USD 3.5 million (approx. to fund entire Workplan) (under the process of signing agreement)
26
5. Any Additional Comments
6. Has this Activity Report been Discussed Beyond the MSG? Due to the limitation of a lack of budget, the coordination team has provided a general timeframe for individual constituency group representative to collect various information in order to prepare the annual report. At the same time, the coordination team prepared the draft annual report which is shared with MSG representatives for their inputs and recommendation, hoping to receive the inputs and concerns by 24th June. However, there was not enough time for each constituency group representatives to respond and Government representatives are not sure of their own involvement in the MSG. The representatives from the private sector is also concerned about the MSG structure and has been relatively slow in responding to the coordination team. Therefore, the coordination team is trying to submit this draft report to the International EITI and trying to get each constituency group’s recommendation and contribution in the meantime. After drafted the report to be shared to International EITI on 3rd July 2016, MEITI secretariat team continue to contribute this draft report among MSG and request their feedback and comments on it by giving time until by the 2nd week of August 2016. And then accepted no reply and comments from MSG, mean they all are agreed on it and then finalized this report to be shared to International EITI and share to wider public through MEITI Web site.
7. Details of Membership of the MSG During the Period (including details of the number of meetings held and attendance record) Please see table in Annex 1 Approved by MSG: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27
Annex 1: List of MSG members, and attendance at MSG meetings
No 1 2
Name Chair Vice-Chair
Organization MoF MoE
Tenth
MSG Meetings in 2015/2016 Eleventh Twelfth √
Remark Thirteen √
√ Government Representatives
1
U Tin Myint
GAD/MoHA
2 3 4 5 6
Dr Nyi Nyi Kyaw U Myo Mynt Oo U Win Htein U Min Htut Daw Khin Aye Swe
MoECAF MOGE MoM MoF AGO
√
7 8
GAD/MoHA MoF
√ √
9 10 11
U Ye Naing Thura U Htin Kyaw Moe U Kyaw Thet U Than Htay Aung U Nanda Win Aung
MoM MOGE MoECAF
√ √
1 2 3 4 5
Mr Xiaver Preel Mr Terence J. Howe Mr Li Hongyuan Mr Chen Kah Seong Mr Song Huai Yin
6
U Aye Lwin
Total E & P Myanmar MPRL E & P Myanmar CNMC Nickel Co. Ltd. PC Hong Kong Goldpetrol Joint Operation Company Inc. MFMA
7 8 9
Mr Bertrand Brun U Andy Tin Win U Aye Thwin
Total E & P Myanmar PC Hong Kong Goldpetrol Joint
√ √
√
√
√
√
√
√ √ Government Alternates √ √ √ √
√
√
√ √ √
Become MSG Representative on 12th MSG Meeting
√ √ √ √ √ √ Private Sector Representatives
√ √
√ √
√ √ √
√ Private Sector Alternates √ √ √ √ √ √
√ √ √ √ 28
No
Name
Organization
10 11
Daw Kyisin H Aung U Khin Maung Han
Operation Company Inc. MPRL E & P Myanmar MFMA
1 2 3 4
U ALex U Win Myo Thu Dr Kyaw Thu U Ye Thein Oo
5
7
Daw Su Hlaign GBP (Sagaing) Myint U Khaing Kaung San Wun Lat Development Foundation U Mung Dan TANK (Kachin)
8 9
U Thant Zin Moe Moe Tun
DDA Green Trust (Pyin Oo Lwin)
10 11
U Moe U Naing Lin Htun
12 13 14
U Andrew U Saw Me Bway Doh Htun U Myo Myint Oo
15
U Zaw Lwin
Myo Sat Thit (Shan) Pyoe Khin Thit (Ayeyarwaddy) CNRWG (Chin) Hoo Phoo Kapaw (Kayin) Green Network (Magway) Public Network (Bago)
6
KESAN Eco/Dev Paung Ku
Tenth √ √
√ √
√
MSG Meetings in 2015/2016 Eleventh Twelfth
√ √ √ Civil Society Representatives
Remark Thirteen √
√ √
√ √
√ √ √
√
√
√
√
√
√ √
√
√ √
√
Become MSG Representative on 12th MSG Meeting Become MSG Representative on 12th MSG Meeting Become MSG Representative on 13th MSG Meeting
√ √
Civil Society Alternates
√ √
√ √ √ √
√
√ √
√
√
29
Annex 2: MATA Background Information of MATA Myanmar Alliance for Transparency and Accountability (MATA) is a nation-wide network, consisting of over 400 local civil society groups, think tank groups and interested individuals. Since its inception in 2012, it has worked on advocating improved management of natural resource sectors, including greater public involvement in natural resource management. MATA is the representative coalition from which the nine civil society members on the MEITI MSG are derived. MATA was established in early 2013, growing out of the civil society organizations engaged on EITI and broader resource governance related issues. Prior to the current reform process, initiated in 2011, Myanmar had very strict limitations on the freedom of speech and freedom of assembly, offering very little space for discussion or public debate on natural resource issues. In this context MATA has come together timely fashion in order to coordinate and provide a representative structure for CSO engagement in EITI, and engage on other resource related issues, including the FLEGT initiative. However, MATA and its CSO members are all engaged in a steep learning curve, given the very recent nature of their ability to legal organize, conduct debate, engage with media, and hold discussions with Government. Most of the new initiatives and new comers are started engaging with MATA as a member. MATA’s structure includes 14 regional working groups, which are spreading across the country. There is a National Coordination Office in Yangon, plus a regional office in Mandalay. MATA has plans as well to open offices in each of the 14 states and regions. The MATA National Coordination Office serves as the secretariat for CSO participation in the Myanmar EITI MSG. This includes convening CSO meetings, generating meeting minutes, distribution of EITI related information, including minutes and results of MSG and sub-committee meetings, and coordinating technical inputs to EITI related matters. MATA’s Mission
To advocate for transparency and accountability by government, elected representatives, companies, donors and civil society.
To promote the freedom of public participation in, and scrutiny of, Myanmar’s legal frameworks and guidelines relating to resources.
MATA’s Objectives
Advocate for transparency and accountability in the management of natural resources by Government, private sector and civil society organizations.
Raise awareness of the importance of transparency through education and training sessions
Build partnerships with INGO, NGO, Government, CSOs and other stakeholders.
Strengthen the capacity of CSO and communities to improve Natural Resources Governance.
Increase freedom of information, monitoring mechanisms and the accessibility of data.
Promote the freedom of CSO participation in Myanmar.
30
EI TIသည္ သဘာ ၀သယံ ဇာ တတူ း ေဖာ ေရး ္ လု ပ္ ငန္ း မ် ာ း မွ ရရွ ေသာ၀င္ ိ ေငြ မ် ာ း ႏွ င္ ့ ပြ င္ လ င္ ့ း ျ မင္ သာ မႈ ကိ ု အာ း ေပး ေသာကမၻ ာ လံ း ု ဆိ င္ ု ရာစံ ႏႈ န္ း တစ္ ရပ္ ျ ဖစ္ ပါ သည္ ။
ေဆး စစ္ င္ ု ဆိ က္ ု တိ
စီ း ပြ ာ း ေရး လု ပ္ ငန္ း မ် ာ း ပိ က္ ု လိ င္ ု း ျ ဖတ္ သ န္ း ခ ေပး ေခ် မႈ မ် ာ း**
ပိ င္ ု ဆိ င္ ု မႈ
အစီ ရင္ ခံ စာ တြ င္ ကု မၸ ဏီ မ် ာ း မွ ေပး ေဆာ င္ ထာ း ေသာ အခြ န္ အခမ် ာ း ႏွ င္ ့ အစိ း ု ရမွ ေကာ က္ ခံ ရရွ ေသာအခြ ိ န္ အခမ် ာ း ကိ ု ထု တ္ ျ ပန္ ၿ ပီ းလြ တ္ လ ပ္ ေသာတိ က္ ု ဆိ က္ ု စစ္ ေဆး သူ ၏ ရလဒ္ စစ္ ေဆး မႈ ကု ိ ေဖာ ျ ္ ပေပး ရသည္ ။
( **)EI TIစံ ႏႈ န္ း အရမျ ဖစ္ မေနထု တ္ ေဖာ ျ ္ ပသရမည္ ့ သတ္ မွ တ္ ခ် က္ မဟု တ္ ေသာ လ ည္ ္ းဤ အခ် က္ အလက္ မ် ာ း ကိ ု EI TIအစီ ရင္ ခံ စာ တြ င္ ထည္ သြ ့ င္ း ေဖာ ျ ္ ပႏိ င္ ု ပါ က EI TIလု ပ္ ငန္ း စဥ္ မ် ာ း အာ းပိ မိ ု ေကာ ု င္ း မြ န္ ေသာအက် ဳ း ိ ရလဒ္ မ် ာ းျ ဖစ္ ေပၚ ေစသည္ အတြ ့ ြ က္ ထည္ သြ ့ င္ း ရန္ တိ က္ ု တြ န္ း သည္ ။
EI TIအဖြ ဲ ႕ ၀င္ ေလာ င္ း ျ ဖစ္ လိ လွ ု ် င္ႏိ င္ ု ငံ တ စ္ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ သ ည္သတ္ မွ တ္ ထာ း ေသာလိ အပ္ ု ခ် က္ ေလး ခ် က္ ကိ ုျ ပည္ မီ ့ ရမည္ ျ ဖစ္ သ ည္ ။ထိ ေနာ ႔ ု က္ တ စ္ ႏွ စ္ ခြ ဲ ခန္ အခ် ႔ န္ ိ ယူ ၿ ပီ းEI TIအစီ ရင္ ခံ စာ တစ္ ေစာ င္ ထု တ္ ျ ပန္ ရမည္ ။ထိ အစီ ု ရင္ ခံ စာ တြ င္ သဘာ ၀သယံ ဇာ တတူ း ေဖာ ထု ္ တ္ လု ပ္ မႈ အတြ က္ ေပး ရေသာ အခြ န္ ၊ ခိ င္ ု ေၾ ကး ၊ စာ ခ် ဳ ပ္ ဆု ေၾ ကး အစရွ ေသာအခြ ိ န္ အခမ် ာ း ႏွ င္ ့ ပတ္ သ က္ ၍ကု မၸ ဏီ မ် ာ း ၏ ေျ ပာ ဆိ ခ် ု က္ ႏွ င္ ့ ထိ အခြ ု န္ အခမ် ာ း ကိ ု လက္ ခံ ရရွ သ ည္ ိ မ် ာ း ႏွ င္ ့ ပတ္ သ က္ ၍အစိ း ု ရ ၏ေျ ပာ ဆိ ခ် ု က္ တိ ကိ ႔ ု ု တိ က္ ု ဆိ င္ ု စစ္ ေဆး ျ ပရသည္ ။အဖြ ဲ ႕ ၀င္ ေလာ င္ း ႏိ င္ ု ငံ ျ ဖစ္ လာ ေသာႏိ င္ ု ငံ တ စ္ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ သ ည္ စံ ခ် န္ ိ မီ တ င္ း ျ ပည္ အဖြ ့ ဲ ႕ ၀င္ ( Compl i antCount r y )ျ ဖစ္ ရန္ အဖြ ဲ ႕ ၀င္ ေလာ င္ း ( Candi dat eCount r y ) ျ ဖစ္ ၿ ပီ းႏွ စ္ ႏွ စ္ ခြ ဲ အတြ င္ း လိ အပ္ ု ခ် က္ ခု နစ္ ခ် က္ ကိ ု ျ ပည္ မီ ့ ေအာ င္ ျ ဖည္ ဆ ည္ ့ း ထာ း ရသည္ ။ထိ ေနာ ႔ ု က္ ယင္ း တိ င္ ု း ျ ပည္ သ ည္ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ တ ကာEI TIဘု တ္ အဖြ ဲ ႕ က အသိ တ္ အမွ တ္ ျ ပဳ သည္ ့ လြ တ္ လ ပ္ ေသာစစ္ ေဆး သူ ( Val i dat or )၏ တိ း ု တက္ မႈ အကဲ ျ ဖတ္ ခ် က္ ႏွ င္ ့ EI TIလု ပ္ ငန္ း တိ း ု တက္ ေရး အတြ က္ လိ အပ္ ု ေသာအစီ အမံ မ် ာ းေဆာ င္ ရြ က္ ထာ း ေၾ ကာ င္ းဆန္ း စစ္ မႈ ကိ ု ခံ ရမည္ ျ ဖစ္ သ ည္ ။
ကမာ ႕ ၻ အႀ ကီ း ဆံ း ု ေရနံ ၊ ဓာ တ္ ေငြ ႕ ႏွ င္ ့သတၱ ဳ တူ း ေဖာ ေရး ္ ကု မၸ ဏ ီ၉၀ေက် ာ ္ တိ က EI ႔ ု TIကိ အာ ု း ေပးေထာ က္ ခံ ၾ ကကာEI TIလု ပ္ ငန္ း တြ င္ တက္ ၾ ကြ စြ ာ ပါ ၀င္ ေဆာ င္ ရြ က္ ေနၾ ကသည္ ။
ကမာ ႕ ၻ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ ေပါ င္ း၄၉ႏိ င္ ု ငံ သ ည္ EI TIကိ ု(ႏိ င္ ု ငံ အလိ က ္ လု ု ပ္ ေဆာ င္ ခ် က္ မ် ာ း ျ ဖင္ လ ည္ ့ း ေကာ င္ း ၊ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ တ ကာ အဆင္ ့ လု ပ္ ေဆာ င္ ခ် က္ အေကာ င္ အထည္ ေဖာ လ် ္ က္ ရွ ေနၾ ိ ကၿ ပီ
အစိ း ု ရမ် ာ း ၊ အရပ္ ဖက္ အဖြ ဲ ႕ အစည္ း မ် ာ း ၊
င္ ု ငံ တ ကာ အဖြ ဲ ႕ အစည္ းမ် ာ း က မ် ာ း ျ ဖင္ လ ည္ ့ း ေကာ င္ း ၊လု ပ္ ငန္ း ရွ င္ အဖြ ဲ ႕ အစည္ း မ် ာ း ျ ဖင္ လ ည္ ့ း ေကာ င္ းပါ ၀င္ ေဆာ င္ ရြ က္ ေနၾ ကျ ခင္ း ႏိ ျ ဖစ္ သ ည္ ။ ထိ ျ ႔ ု ပင္ ရင္ း ႏွ း ီ ျ မွ ပ္ ႏွ မႈ ံ ပမာ ဏ ေဒၚ လာ ၁၉ ထရီ လ် ေက် ံ ာ ကိ ္ စီ ု မံ ခန္ ခြ ႔ ဲ လ် က္ ရွ ေသာ ိ
EI TIကိ အာ ု း ေပး ေထာ က္ ခံ ၾ ကသည္ ။
ျ ဖစ္ သ ည္ ။ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ တ ကာရင္ း ႏွ းျ ီ မွ ပ္ ႏွ မႈ ံ အဖြ ဲ ႕အစည္ း မ် ာ း ၏ ေထာ က္ ခံ မႈ ကိ လ ည္ ု း ရရွ ခဲ ိ သ ည္ ့ ။ ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . အရပ္ ဘ က္ အဖြ ဲ ႕ အစည္ း မ် ာ း က EI TI တြ င္ တိ က္ ု ရိ က္ ု အာ း ျ ဖင္ ့
ယခု အခါ ၌ ကမာ ႕ ၻ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ ေပါ င္ း ၃၁ႏိ င္ ု ငံ သ ည္ EI TI တင္ း ျ ပည္ အဖြ ့ ဲ ႕ ၀င္ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ ျ ဖစ္ ေနသည္ ။ ၄င္ း တိ မွ ႔ ု ာ အယ္ ( လ္ ) ေဘး နီ း ယာ း ၊ ဘာ ကီ နာ ဖာ ဆိ ၊ ကင္ ု မရြ န္ း ၊
လည္ း ေကာ င္ း ၊ ကမာ တ စ္ ၻ ၀န္ း လံ း ု ရွ ိ အစိ း ု ရမဟု တ္ ေသာ
အလယ္ ပိ င္ ု း အာ ဖရိ က သမၼ တ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ ၊ ခ် က္ ဒ္ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ ၊ ကု တ္ ဒီ ဗြ ာ း ( အိ င္ ု ဗရီ ကိ စ္ ႔ ု ) ၊
( NGO)အဖြ ဲ ႕ အစည္ း ေပါ င္ း၄၀၀ ေက် ာ ၏ ေထာ ္ က္ ခံ အာ း
ကြ န္ ဂိ သ မၼ ု တ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ ၊ ဂါ နာ ၊ ဂြ ာ တီ မာ လာ ၊ ဂီ နီ ၊ အင္ ဒိ နီ ု း ရွ ာ း( ဆိ င္ ု း ငံ ) ့ ၊ အီ ရတ္ ၊
ေပး မႈ ရရွ ေသာ “ ိ သင္ ေပး ့ ေဆာ င္ ရေငြ ကိ ထု ု တ္ ေဖာ ျ ္ ပပါ ”
ကာ ဇက္ စတန္ ၊ကာ ဂ် စ္ စတန္( ကာ ဂ် စ္ သ မၼ တ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ ) ၊လိ က္ ု ေဘး ရီ း ယာ း ၊မာ လီ ၊
( Publ i s hWhatYouPay )လႈ ပ္ ရွ ာ း မႈ ျ ဖင္ လ ည္ ့ း ေကာ င္ း EI TI
ေမာ ရစ္ ေတး နီ း ယာ း ၊မြ န္ ဂိ လီ ု း ယာ း ၊မိ ဇမ္ ု ဘ စ္ ၊ႏိ င္ ု ဂ် ာ ၊ႏိ င္ ု ဂ် း ီ ရီ း ယာ း ၊ေနာ ေ၀၊ ္
တြ င္ပါ ၀င္ ေဆာ င္ ရြ က္ ၾ ကသည္ ။ EI TI ကိ ေထာ ု က္ ခံအာ း
ပီ ရူ း ၊ ကြ န္ ဂိ သ မၼ ု တ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ ၊ ဆီ ရာ လီ ယြ န္ ၊ တန္ ဇန္ း နီ း ယာ း ၊ တီ ေမာ လက္ စတစ္ ( စ္ )
ေပး ေသာ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ တ ကာ အဖြ ဲ ႕အစည္ း မ် ာ း တြ င္ကမာ ဘဏ ္ ႔ ၻ ၊
( အေရွ ႕ တီ ေမာ ) ၊ တိ ဂိ ု ၊ ု ထရီ နီ ဒက္ ႏွ င္ တိ ့ ဘာ ု ဂိ ၊ ု ယီ မင္ ( ဆိ င္ ု း ငံ ) ့ ႏွ င္ ဇမ္ ့ ဘီ း ယာ း တိ ႔ ု
ႏိ င္ ု ငံ တ ကာ ရန္ ပံ ေငြ ု အဖြ ဲ ႕ ႏွ င္ ့ ေဒသတြ င္ း ဘဏ ္ မ် ာ း ပါ ၀င္
ျ ဖစ္ ၾ ကသည္ ။ အျ ခာ ေသာ ၁၈ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ သ ည္EI TI အဖြ ဲ ႕ ၀င္ ေလာ င္ း အဆင္ အတန္ ့ း ရရွ ထာ ိ း ၿ ပီ း
သည္ ။
၄င္ း တိ မွ ႔ ု ာ အာ ဖဂန္ နစၥ တ န္ ၊ အဇာ ဘိ င္ ု ဂ် န္ ၊ ကိ လံ ု ဘီ ယာ ၊ အီ သီ ယိ း ု ပီ း ယာ း ၊
ေဖာ ေနေသာ ႏိ ္ င္ ု ငံ မ် ာ း ကိ သာ ု မက
ဟြ န္ ဒူ း ရပ္ စ္ ၊ မာ ဒါ ဂတ္ စကာ ၊ မာ လာ ၀ီ ၊ျ မန္ မာ ၊ ပါ ပူ ၀ါ နယူ း ဂီ နီ ၊ ဖိ လ စ္ ပိ င္ ု ၊
ဤ အဖြ ဲ ႕ အစည္ း မ် ာ း သည္ အေကာ င္ အထည္ EI TI ျ ပန္ ပြ ႔ ာ း ေရး
လု ပ္ ငန္ း မ် ာ း ကိ ကူ ု ညီ ေထာ က္ ပံ ေပး ့ ၾ ကသည္ ။ အစိ း ု ရအမ် ာ း
ေဆာ င္ း တေမး ႏွ င္ ပရင္ ့ စီ ေပး ၊ဆီ နီ ေဂါ ၊ေဆး ရွ ဲ ၊ေဆာ လ မြ ္ န္ ၊တာ ဂ် စၥ တ န္ ( ဆိ င္ ု း ငံ ) ့ ၊
အျ ပာ း( ၾ သစေၾ တး လ် ၊ဘယ္ လ္ ဂ် ယံ ီ ၊ကေနဒါ ၊ဒိ န္ း မတ္ ၊
ယူ က ရိ န္ း ၊ၿ ဗိ တိ န္ ႏွ င္ ့ အေမရိ က န္ ျ ပည္ ေထာ င္ စု တိ ႔ ု ျ ဖစ္ ၾ ကသည္ ။
ဖင္ လ န္ ၊ဂ် ာ မဏ ီ ၊အီ တ လီ ၊ဂ် ပန္ ၊နယ္ သာ လန္ ၊ေနာ ေ၀၊ ္
ဤ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ မ် ာ း အနက္၃၉ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ သ ည္EI TI အစီ ရင္ ခံ စာ တြ င္ေပး ေဆာ င္ ရေငြ မ် ာ း ႏွ င္ ့
စပိ န္ ၊ဆြ ဒင္ ီ ၊ၿ ဗိ တိ န္ ၊အေမရိ က န္ ျ ပည္ ေထာ င္ စု စသည္ တိ ႔ ု
၀င္ ေငြ မ် ာ း ကိ ု ထု တ္ ေဖာ ခဲ ္ ၿ ့ ပီ း ျ ဖစ္ သ ည္ ။ ၾ သစေၾ တး လ် ၊ျ ပင္ သ စ္ ၊ဂ် ာ မနီ ၊ဂိ င္ ု ရာ နာ ႏွ င္ ့ အီ တ လီ အပါ အ၀င္ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ အမ် ာ း အျ ပာ း
ကလည္ း EI TI ကိ ေထာ ု က္ ခံ အာ း ေပး ၾ ကသည္ ။
ကEI TI ကိ အေကာ ု င္ အထည္ ေဖာ ရန္ ္
မ် ာ း သည္ ႏိ င္ ု ငံ ေရး ဆိ င္ ု ရာ ၊ နည္ း ပညာ ဆိ င္ ု ရာ ႏွ င္ ့ ဘ႑ ာ ေရး
ရည္ ရြ ယ္ ခ် က္ ရွ ေၾ ိ ကာ င္ း ေဖာ ျ ္ ပခဲ ၾ ့ ကၿ ပီ း
သတ္ မွ တ္ ထာ း ေသာ လိ အပ္ ု ခ် က္ မ် ာ း ျ ပည္ မီ ့ ေရး အတြ က ္ ေရွ ႕ ရူ ေဆာ င္ ရြ က္
ဆိ င္ ု ရာ အေထာ က္ အပံ မ် ့ ာ း ကိ ု
လ် က္ ရွ ၾ ိ ကသည္ ။
ဤ အစိ း ု ရ
ႏိ င္ ု ငံ တ ကာ အဆင္ အရ ့
သာ မကတိ င္ ု း ျ ပည္ အဆင္ အရပါ ့ ေပး သည္ ။
အေကာ င္
အထည္ ေဖာ ေဆာ ္ င္ ေနေသာႏိ င္ ု ငံ မ် ာ း အတြ က္ ဘ႑ ာ ေရး အေထာ က္ အပံ မ် ့ ာ းကိ ု( ႏွ စ္ ဦ း ႏွ စ္ ဖက္သေဘာ တူ ညီ ခ် က္ ျ ဖင္ ေသာ ့ လ ည္ ္ း ္ ေကာ င္ း ၊ ကမာ ႕ ၻ ဘဏ ္ မွစီ မံ အု ပ္ ခ် ဳ ပ္ သ ည္ ့ အလွ ဴ ရွ င္ ေပါ င္ း စံ ထ ည္ ု ၀င္ ့ ေသာ ရန္ ပံ ေငြ ု ျ ဖင္ လ ည္ ့ း ေကာ င္ း ) ေပး သည္ ။
www. my anmar ei t i . or gႏွ င္ ့ www. ei t i . or g
ေတာ င္ း ယူ ၾ ကည္ ရႈ ့ ႏိ င္ ု ပါ သည္ ။
႕
In partnership with
႕ ႕
႕
Adam Smith International Adam Smith International
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕ › › ›
႕ ႕ ႕
›
႕
› › ›
http://www.adamsmithinternational.com/our-services/extractive-industries-governance/ ႕
[email protected] ႕
႕ 3
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
4
႕
ASM: Artisanal and Small-scale mining
ECD: Environmental Conservation Department
AWC: Asia World Co. Ltd
EDC: Energy Development Committee
BGF: Border Guard Force
EGAT: EGAT International Ltd
BOT: Build Operate Transfer
EGTA: Export Gas Transport Agreement
CBO: Community Based Organisation
EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment
CDA: Community Development Agreement
EITI: Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
CDOI: China Datang Overseas Investment Co Ltd.
ESIA: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
CEP: Core Environment Programme
ESMP: Environmental and Social Management Plan
CPI: China Power Investment
FDI: Foreign Direct Investment
CNMC: Chinese Nickle Mining Company
FESR: Framework for Economic and Social Reforms
CNPC: China National Petroleum Corporation
FIL: Foreign Investment Law
CSO: Civil Society Organisation and Central Statistical
FLEGT: Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade
Office
FPIR: Free, Prior and Informed Consent
CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility
GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
CTGC: China Three Gorges Corp.
GAD: General Administration Department
DGSME: Department of Geological Service and Mineral Exploration
GIS: Geographical Information System
DHPP: Department of Hydropower Planning DHPI: Department of Hydropower Implementation DICA:
Directorate
of
Investment
and
GAIL: Gas Authority of India Ltd
Company
Administration DUHD: Datang (Yunnan) United Hydropower Developing
GMS: Greater Mekong Sub-Region GOUM: Government of the Union of Myanmar GPOA: Gas Pipeline Operations Agreement GSA: Gas Supply Agreement
Co.
GWh: Gigawatt hour
DKBA: Democratic Karen Buddhist Army
HLRHC: Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Co.
DRC: Democratic Republic of Congo
HPGE: Hydropower Generation Enterprise
DSI: Defence Services Institute
HTMC: Htun Thwin Mining Co.
EAG: Ethnic Armed Group
IATA: International Aid Transparency Initiative
႕
5
IBA: Impacts and Benefits Agreement
MEITI: Myanmar EITI
ICG: International Crisis Group
MEPE: Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise
IDP: Internally Displaced Persons
MFTB: Myanmar Foreign Trade Bank
IFRS: International Financial Reporting Standards
MFMA: Myanmar Federation of Mining Association
IOC: International Oil Company
MGTC: Moattama Gas Transportation Company
IOGEC: International Group of Entrepreneurs Co
MIC: Myanmar Investment Commission
INTOSAI: International Organisation of Supreme Audit
MNPED: Ministry of National Planning and Economic
Institutions
Development
IPRC: Improved Petroleum Recovery Contracts
MNRMC: Minerals and Natural Resources Management
IRD: Internal Revenue Department ITD: Italian-Thai Development Co. Ltd Thailand JICA: The Japan International Cooperation Agency JV: Joint Venture JVA: Joint Venture Agreement KOGAS: Korea Gas Corporation KIO: Kachin Independence Organization KSDC: Kayin State Development Company KSDP: Kachin State Democracy Party KNU: Karen National Union LTO: Large Taxpayers Office MoA: Memorandum of Agreement MAC: Myanmar Accountancy Council MATA: The Myanmar Alliance for Transparency and Accountability MDCF: Myanmar Development Cooperation Forum MDI: Myanmar Defence Industries MDCF: Myanmar Development Cooperation Forum MDRI: Myanmar Development Resource Institute ME: Mining Enterprise MEC: Myanmar Economic Corporation
Committee MoA: Memorandum of Agreement MOD: Ministry of Defence MOE: Ministry of Energy MOECAF: Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry MOECO: Mitsui Oil Exploration Company MOEP: Ministry of Electric Power MOF: Ministry of Finance MOGE: Myanma Oil & Gas Enterprise MOHA: Ministry of Home Affairs MOU: Memorandum of Understanding MPC: Myanmar Peace Centre MPE: Myanmar Petrochemical Enterprise MPPE: Myanmar Petroleum Products Enterprise MSG: Multi-Stakeholder Group MSMCE: Myanmar Salt and Marine Chemical Enterprise MGE: Myanmar Gems Enterprise MICPA: Myanmar Institute of Certified Accountants MSEZL: Myanmar Special Economic Zone Law NCDP: National Comprehensive Development Plan
႕
6
NEMC: National Energy Management Committee
SNDP: Shan Nationalities Development Party
NESAC: National Economic and Social Advisory Council
SOEEL: State Owned Economic Enterprises Law
NLD: National League for Democracy
SPDC: State Peace and Development Council
NPV: Net Present Value
STH: Shwe Taung Hydropower Co
NRGI: Natural Resource Governance Institute (formerly
TAC: Terms and Conditions
known as Revenue Watch Institute)
tcf: Trillion Cubic Feet
OAG: Office of the Auditor General OECD:
Organisation
for
Economic
TNLA: Ta-ang National Liberation Army Cooperation
Development PAPD: Project Appraisal and Progress Department PCC: Performance Compensation Contract PEFA: Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability PFM: Public Financial Management PPA: Power Purchase Agreement PSC: Production Sharing Contract RCDP: Regional Comprehensive Development Plans
and
TOR: Terms of Reference TRG: Transcontinental Group UMEHL: Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd. UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNFC: United Nationalities Federation Council USDP: Union Solidarity and Development Party UWSA: United Wa State Army YPIC: Yunnan Power International Energy Co. Ltd
RCSS: Restoration Council of Shan State SDN: Specially Designated Nationals List SEE: State Economic Enterprise SESA: Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment SEZ: Special Economic Zone SIA: Social Impact Assessment SIC: Standing Interpretations Commitee SLORC: State Law and Order Restoration Council SME: Small and Medium Enterprise SNDP: Shan Nationalities Development Party SOE: State-Owned Enterprise SLORC: State Law and Order Restoration Council SLP: Social and Labour Plan SLRDP: Settlement and Land Records Department
႕
7
5 8 11 ( ) (၂)
20 ႕
23
(၃)
53
(
65
(၅)
85
(၆
103
(၇
႑
126
(၈)
141
(၉) EITI
153
( )
160
(၂)
168
(၃)
174
(
(၂
၈)
183
(၅
184
(၆
186
(၇)
188
(၈
႕
(၉
195
႑ ႕
202
(1)
21
(2 (3)
႕
24
႕
26
(4)
33
(5)
34
႕
8
(6)
႕
38
(7
႕
(8
40
႕
45
(9
႕
47
(10)
႑
55
(11) ၉၈၉
57
(12)
႑
(13)
57
႔
(14
62
/
65
(15
68
(16
/
(17) MATA
႕ ႕
(
70
)
(18) MATA
75
႕ ႕
(19) SEP
76
(၃၃)
79
(20)
83
(21)
႕
92
(22
104
(23)
107
(24
႕
(25)
႑
(26)
112
-
118
( )
119
(27
-
(28 (29) ၂
႑
႕
120 -
121
၃-
(30
132 ႑
(
)
138
(31
143 ႕
(32) လက
147
(33)
150
(34) MEITI
158
(35
203
႕
9
(1)
35
(2)
႕
39
(3)
႕
39
(
႕
54
(5)
႕
56
(6)
61
(7)
86
(8)
87
(9)
႕
93
(10)
101
(11) UMEHL
(
(12) MEC
(
)
102
)
102
(13)
109
(14)
109
(15) PSC
113
(16) ၂
၂
127
(17) (18)
133 BOT
133
(19)
134
(20)
142
(21)
-
144
(22)
148 ႕
႑ ႕
151
႑
202
႕
10
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
1
(EITI) ႑ ၂၅
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕ ၂
႕
႕
၂
႕
EITI
႕
၅ ၂
႕
႕
၌
႕
႕ ႕ ႕ ႕
႑
1
႑ ၃
MEITI MSG
EITI
႕
11
႑
႕
› ၆
›
၂
၂ ›၂
၃-၂
›
႕ ၅ ၂
2
႕
›
႕ ႕
႕
› › (ESIAs) ›၂
၈ ႕
ES
› ႕
›
၂
› ၂
၃-၂
၆ ႕
႕
၇ ၂၈၆ ၆
႕
3
႕
၂
› ၃
›
႕
၃၉
›
၅
႕
၃ ၅ ႕
2
႕
›
Data for July 2013- June 2014 taken from the GOUM Central Statistics
Office,
Selected
Monthly
Economic
Indicators
(June
႕
›
2014).
https://www.csostat.gov.mm/sdetails01.asp. 3
Data for July 2013- June 2014 taken from the GOUM Central Statistics
Office,
Selected
Monthly
Economic
Indicators
(June
2014).
https://www.csostat.gov.mm/s14MA02.htm
႕
12
႕
႑
႑
› ႕
›
MOGE
၃ ႕
(MOGE) (MPPE)
›
႕
႕
႕ ›၂
၃
၂ ၆၂ ၅
႕
၉
4
႑
.
›
› ၉၃
႕ ႕
၉
႕
›
၆
›
႕ ႕
႕
႕
› ႕
႕
႕
႕ ၂
၃
›
၃ ၉၉၈
၂
၆
႕ ၂
›၂
၉၉
႕
၃၃၆ Shell, Eni,
Statoil, BG
›၂
၃
၂ ၇၈
႕ ၃၅
› ›
႕ ႕
›
၂
၂
၂၃ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
၇၉ ၆
႑
႕
၈
› ႕
႕ ႕
4
Data for July 2013- June 2014 taken from the GOUM Central Statistics
Office,
Selected
Monthly
Economic
Indicators
(June
၂ ၃
›
2014).
https://www.csostat.gov.mm/S11MA0206.htm
႕
13
›
› ၇
႕
႕
(NEMC)
႕ › ႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕ › International ႕
›
႕ ႕
Aid
Transparency
Initiative (IATI)
၂
၂
႕
႕
›
႕
႕ Public Financial Management (PFM) ႕ ႑
›
› PFM ၅
႕
႕
›
›
႕
Expor
႑
›
႕
› ႕
႕
၂ ႕
၂
›
႕ ၂ ႕ ›
႕
›
႕ (MSG)
႕ ႕
႕
႕
(the
Multi-
႑
Stakeholder Group)
႕
14
႕
›
႕ ႕
› ႑
႕
႕
› ႕
႕ ႕
› Corporate
Social
Responsibility
“
”
႕
(CSR)
႕
႕
›၂
›
၈
႕ ၆ ႕
႕
႕
၈
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
၂
› EITI
႕
႕ Myanmar Alliance for Transparency and Accountability
(MATA)
႕
႕
႕
၂ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
၂
›
›
႕
႕
၃
႕
›
႕
႕
15
႕
›
႕
Generally
›
႕ ႕
Accepted
Accounting
Principles
(GAAP)
႕
Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) ႕
International Financial
›
႕
႕
Reporting Standards (IFRS) ၅
႕ ႕
›
› “
›
”
႕ ႑ ႕
›
႕
› ႕
၃
MOGE ႕
႕
႕
႕ › ႕
›
၂
- ၂
႑ ၂၅ ႕
› ႑
႕ ›
›
႑
႕
႕
႕ ႑ ႕
႕
႑ (IRD)
႑
႕
› ႕
›
႕
16
႕
ESIA ႕
႕
›
႕ ႕
ES
› ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
EITI
႕
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
႕ ›
› ႕
႕ ႕
›
›
› ႕ ႕ ႕
›
႕
႕
(MIC) ႕
႕
›
› ႕
႕
႕
႕
17
›
႕ ၃
›
႑
› ႕ ၂ ›
႑
႕ ႕ IFRS
›
၉-
႑
႑
၃ ႕
›
႕
႕ › EITI
႕ ႑ ႕
› MEITI
႕
›
႕ ›
› ႑ ႕
႑
႑ ႕
› EITI ႑
႑ ႕
›
႕
႕
18
႕
႑
႑
-
႑
႕
႑
› ႕
EITI ႕
႑ ႕
႕ ၃
›
႑
႑
›
႑
႑
›
႕
› ႕
႑ ›
႕
›
႑
႕ ႕ ၂
႕
› ၃ ›
႑
› ႕
›
႕
႕ ၅ CSR
›
႕
› MSG
႑ ႕
႕
႑
႕
›
›
႕
19
၂
၃
႑
႕
႕ ၆
၃
၂
BG,
Chevron, Woodside Energy, Shell
Eni
႕
၃
၂
႕ ၂ ႕
၂
႕
႕ Multi-Stakeholder Group (MSG)
၂ ႕
႕ ႕
၂
၂
႕
႕
၂
၇
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ၂
၃-
႕ Global
Witness
report
Global
Witness
Financial Times
2014
႕ 5
႕ MEITI ၂
၆
႕
႑ ႑
M ႕
႕
5
႕
႕
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/bb0e732c-fc6e-11e3-86dc-00144feab7de.html?siteedition=uk#axzz35lJ5CuX5
႕
20
-
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
၂ ႕
႕ ႕
႑
၂ 1
႕
႕ ႕
႕
MEITI
၂ ၆
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
႑ ႑
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႑
၆
႕
၉
႕
21
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕ ႑ ႕ Foundation
႕ ႕
Myanmar Development Resource Institute (MDRI)
the Asia
႕
႕
22
၂
႕
၂ ႕ ႕
႑
႑
႕
႕
႕
႕
၇
႑ ႑
႕
႕
၃
႕
႑ ႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႑ ႑
႕
၆
၂ ႕
႕
႕
၂၂
႑
႕
႕
႕ ၉၉
႕ ႑
႕
23
2
မူ၀ါ၊ စာရင္းစစ္
႕
အမ်ိဳးသားစီမံကိန္းႏွင့္
ျပည္ေထာင္စု
ျပည္ေထာင္စု
စီးပြားေရးဖံြ႕ျဖိဳးတိုးတက္မႈ ၀န္ၾကီးဌာန
စာရင္းစစ္ခ်ဳပ္ရံုး
ေရွ႕ေနခ်ဳပ္ရံုး
ႏွင့္ ဥပေဒ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈႏွင့္ ကုမၸဏီမ်ား
ျမန္မာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈ ေကာ္မရွင္
ညႊန္ၾကားမႈဦးစီးဌာန
ဗဟိုစာရင္းအင္းအဖဲြ႕
ဘ႑ာေရး၀န္ၾကီးဌာန
အခြန္ / ၀င္ေငြ
(MEITI Secretariat)
ဆက္စပ္
ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ ထိန္းသိမ္းေရး
၀န္ၾကီးဌာနမ်ား
ႏွင့္ သစ္ေတာ၀န္ၾကီးဌာန
စြမ္းအင္၀န္ၾကီးဌာန
သတၱဳတြင္း၀န္ၾကီးဌာန
ဗဟိုဘဏ္
လွ်ပ္စစ္စြမ္းအား၀န္ၾကီးဌာန
/ ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ ကြပ္ကဲမႈ
ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ ထိန္းသိမ္းေရး ဦးစီးဌာန
MOGE
သတၱဳတြင္းလုပ္ငန္းမ်ာ း
႕
လွ်ပ္စစ္လုပ္ငန္းမ်ား
24
၆
၂
႕
(DGSME) ႕
၉၉
႕
၉၉ (ME1)
›
႕ ၂
›
(ME2)
molybdenum, niobium, columbium,
heavy mineral
႕
၃
›
(ME3)
,
႕
› ႕ (MPE)
›
ၰ
›
႕ (MSMCE)
ၰ
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
25
3)
႕
႕
26
၆ ၉၈ ႕ ၉၈၉
႑
၉၈၉ ႑ ႕ ႕ ႕ ႕ ႕ ႕ ၂
႑
၂
႕
႕ ႑
-
၃
႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
27
႕ ႑
႕
႕
(DICA) ၉၉၃
႕
႑
႕
႕ ႕ DICA
၂
DICA ႕ ႕
႕
၉၈၈
၂
၂ ႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
-
႕
႕
႕
႕ -
(
MIC
၂
၂
၃-
၃
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
28
႑ ႑
႕
“
႕
”
႑
႕ 6
႔
႕
႑
႔
၉၉
႕ ၂
၉၉၆
၂
႕
၂
၂
၉၉၆
၅ ႕ ႕
6
႕
႑
Ministry of Mines Presentation: Current Mining Activities in Myanmar, 2013
႕
29
႕
႕
၉၉၅
-
႕
၉၉ ၂
၃ ႕ ႕
၉၉၅
႕
၉၉၂
႕
႕
၉ ၃ ႕ ၂
၃၉ ၂ ႑ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕ ၆ ႕
႕
႕
၂
၃ -
႕
30
႕
› ›
႕ ၅
၆
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
၂
႕ (DGSE)
႕
႕
႕
၃
႕
31
DGSE
႕ ႕
႕
DGSE
႕ DGSE
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
7
႕
-
› › › ႕
› › ESIA ESMP
›
7
၅
၆
၃ ႕
႕
၂
၃
႕
႕
32
၆။ တိုင္းေဒသၾကီး ခရိုင္၊ ျမိဳ႕နယ္အထိ စိစစ္မႈမ်ားျပဳလုပ္ျခင္း (ေထာက္ခံစာမ်ား ပူးတဲြရန္)
၁။ ေလွ်ာက္ထားသူမွ DGSE ထံ စိတ၀ ္ င္စားသည့္ ေဒသအား GPS ညႊန္းကိန္းမ်ားႏွင့္ တင္ျပျခင္း
၇။ ေၾကးတိုင္ႏွင့္ေျမစာရင္းဦးစီးဌာနထံ ေျမေနရာႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ စိစစ္ႏိုင္ရန္ ေပးပို႕ျခင္း
(သံုးလ)
၂။ DGSE မွ သတၱဳၽတြင္း၀န္ၾကီးဌာနရွိ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ား အားလံုးထံ ေဒသအား လုပ္ကိုင္ခြင့္ ရွိ-မရွိ စိစစ္ရန္ ေပးပို႕ျခင္း
၈။ DGSE ထံ ေျမပံု ႏွင့္ အၾကံျပဳခ်က္မ်ား ျပန္လည္ေပးပို႕ျခင္း
၅။ ျပည္နယ္/တိုင္းေဒသၾကီးအစိုးရမွ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ သစ္ေတာ၊ သတၱဳ ႏွင့္ လယ္ဆည္ ဌာနမ်ားႏွင့္ ညႇိႏိႈင္းျခင္း
(တစ္လ)
၃။ DGSE ထံ အေၾကာင္းျပန္ၾကားျခင္း ႏွင့္ သတၱဳတြင္းဦးစီးဌာနသို႕ ၀န္ၾကီးရံုးမွတဆင့္ အေၾကာင္းၾကားျခင္း
၄။ ၀န္ၾကီးမွ ျပည္နယ္/တိုင္းေဒသၾကီး အစိုးရမ်ားထံ နယ္ေျမေဒသ လြတ္လပ္မႈ ရွိ-မရွိ ေမးျမန္းျခင္း
၉။ စူးစမ္းရွာေဖြမႈ လုပ္ကိုင္ခြင့္ ေပးအပ္ျခင္း
4
႑ ႑ ႕
› ႕
႕
႕ ႕
၈
႕
33
5 ၁။ ေလွ်ာက္ထားသူမွ သတၱဳတြင္း၀န္ၾကီးဌာနထံ စိတ္၀င္စားေၾကာင္း အေၾကာင္းၾကားျခင္း (ကုမၸဏီရာဇ၀င္၊ ဘဏ္မွတ္တမ္း ႏွင့္ စိတ္၀င္စားသည့္ ေဒသ)
၄။ စာခ်ဳပ္မူၾကမ္းညႇိႏႈင္းျခင္း (ESIA ႏွင့္ စည္းကမ္းသတ္မွတ္ခ်က္မ်ား)
၇။ သတၱဳတြင္း၀န္ၾကီးဌာန၏ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ေနာက္ဆံုးပိတ္ ေဆြးေႏြးမႈမ်ား (စီးပြားေရး၊ လူမႈေရး ႏွင့္ အျခားစည္းကမ္းခ်က္မ်ား)
၂။ မူ၀ါဒပိုင္း ေဆြးေႏြးျခင္း (အေျခခံ အခ်က္မ်ား၊ ကန္႕သတ္ခ်က္မ်ား၊ စည္းမ်ဥ္းမ်ား)
၅။ စာခ်ဳပ္မူၾကမ္းကို ျပည္ေထာင္စု ေရွ႕ေနခ်ဳပ္ရံုးထံ ေပးပို႕ျခင္း
၈။ ျမန္မာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံမႈေကာ္မရွင္ ထံတင္ျပ လမ္းညႊန္မႈခံယူျခင္း
၃။ နည္းပညာပိုင္းဆိုင္ရာ ေဆြးေႏြးမႈမ်ား (အခ်က္အလက္၊ ကြင္းဆင္းေလ့လာျခင္း၊ အဆိုျပဳခ်က္မ်ား ျပဳစုျခင္း)
၆။ အျခား၀န္ၾကီးဌာန၏ ေထာက္ခံခ်က္မ်ား ရယူျခင္း (ဘ႑ာေရး၊ သစ္ေတာ၊ လယ္ဆည္စသည္)
၉။ MIC ႏွင့္ သတၱဳတြင္း၀န္ၾကီးဌာနတို႕မွ ခြင့္ျပဳမိန္႕ ႏွင့္ လုပ္ကိုင္ခြင့္မ်ား အသီးသီးထုတ္ေပးျခင္း
› ႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕ ၉၉၆
› “
႕
၂
” ႕
›
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
34
1 Regulatory Instrument
Recent Changes
Regulatory Comments
Foreign Investment Law, 2012
Provides clarify around investment terms
The law appears generally sound.
However, the
and conditions; includes an attractive
mandate and
charged
fiscal regime; defines clear restrictions on
enforcing the FIL is not clear.
capacity of
MIC
with
types of foreign investment into the mining sector. Mineral Resources Policy
None
The lack of a formal mineral policy that has been developed through broad stakeholder engagement has meant that the mining legislation cannot fully reflect the aspirations of the people as affected stakeholders of the mining sector.
Roles and Responsibilities of
The
GOUM
maintains
its
2008
The presence of a formal Mines Ministers in
Mining Administration Regimes
Constitutional right to own and manage
States/Regions means that there is a lack of clarity
all mineral resources in Myanmar. This
over the responsibilities of the Regions/States in
principle has come into question in the
mining regulatory affairs.
last several years, however, especially in light of the decentralisation policy of the new government. Inter-Ministerial
Coordination
Regarding Permitting
The
new
National
Environmental
Although the establishment of an inter-ministerial
Conservation Committee is charged with
body to approve ESIAs is positive, the Committee
approval of ESIAs; it is chaired by
lacks influence and efficiency as it only meets
MOECAF and includes 25 Ministers; there
several times per year and is not chaired at a
are working committees that undertake
sufficiently senior or neutral level. Further, there is
the ESIA review (according to a number
limited technical capacity to provide sound advice
of issues related to water, transportation,
v
’
competing land use, agriculture). The MOECAF has complained that the MOM issues permits for mining without consulting MOECAF regarding the national land cadastre. There are conflicts
regarding
the
awarding
of
permits
particularly in areas designated for forests.
› ႕ Geographical Information System (GIS)
႕
35
႕ ႕ ႕
႑
› -
႕
၂၃
႕ ႕
႕
႑ ႕
႕
၈၈၇
၈၅
၈၈၆
၉ ၂
၉၆၃
႕
႑
႕
၂
Burmah Oil Company
၉၆၂
႑
႕ ႕
၇ ႕
႕
(TOTAL, Chevron
PTTEP)
၂
(Petronas, PTTEP)
၉၉၈
႕
႕
၂
၃
႕
PTT ၃
၂ ၂
႕
႕
Daewoo
၃
႕
China National Petroleum Corporation (PTTEP)
၂
၃
႕ ႕
၂၇
၃
႕ ႕ Administration
Irrawaddy–Andaman
၂ ၂
US Energy Information
၂
႕
Indo-Burman -
႕ U
v y’
၆
႕ Gas Assessment
႕
႕
36
၂၃ ၇၉ ၆ ၂
႕
၂
႕
႕
၂
၂
၃ ၂
Exploration
Company
႕
(MOECO)
Mitsui Oil
၃ BG/Woodside, Eni, Statoil/Conoco Philips, Ophir Energy
႕
Total
Reliance and the Oil India consortium, BG/Woodside, Chevron, ROC
Oil/Tap Oil, Transcontinental Group (TRG) ၂
Berlanga
၃
႕
(VDB-Loi, ၂
).
၇
႕
႑
႕ ႕
႑
၃ ႕
›
႕
-
(MOGE):
၉၆၃
႕
႕
၂ ၈၈ ႕
႕
႕ (MPE):
›
၃
၅
႕ ›
(MPPE):
႕
႕
႕
37
6
႕
The MOE was reformed during 1985 and is composed of the Minister’s Office, one Department and three Enterprises
႕
38
2
႕
(MOGE Presentation, Jan 2014).
Operator Company
Block
Total
M-5, M-6 (Yadana Project)
Petronas
M-12, M13, M-14 (Yetagun Project)
Daewoo International
A-1, A3, AD7 (Shwe Project)
PTTEPI
M-3, M-11, M-9 (Zawtika Project), MD7, MD8
CNOOC
M-10
CNPC International
AD-1, AD-6, AD-8
MPRL E&P
A-6
Petrovietnam
M-2
3 Operator Company Nobel Oil
႕
(MOGE Presentation, Jan 2014)
Block PSC-A PSC-B 1
SIPC Myanmar (China)
PSC-D
North Petro-Chem (China)
PSC-F
GOLDPETROL
IOR-2 MOGE-1
MPRL E&P
MOGE-2 (N)
SNOG, UPR (Singapore)
PSC-R
Geopetrol Intl
RSF-9
Petronas Jubilant PTTEPI
RSF-2 RSF-3 PSC-I PSC-G EP-2
Istech Energy
EP-5
Asia Orient
PSC-E
႕
39
7
႕
႕
40
႕ ၂
႑
၃
႕
႑
႕ ႕ (
၂
၃
›
Oil-Fields Act 1918;
›
Oil-Fields Rules 1918;
›
Notifications under the Oil-Fields Act 1918;
›
Petroleum Act 1934; and
›
Petroleum Rules 1934. ႕
႕ ႑ ႕ ႕
႕
Oil Fields Act, 1918 – ၂
The Essential Supplies and Services Act, 1947 – ၂
၂
႕
41
– Performance Compensation Contracts ႕
v
v y
v ႕
၉၆၉
႕
၉၆၉
–
႕
႕
–
႕
၉၆၂
၂
–
႕
၂
–
– ၂ ၉ )
႕
– ႕
၂
၂
– ႕
ESIA
၂ ၂၅
၅
၉
၂
၅
႕
႕
42
၂
႕ ႕
(PSCs) ႕
႑
႕
›
႑ ႕
› ႕
›
႕
႕
›
႕ ႕
›
႕
႕
› ႕
›
႕
႕
› › › ႕
႕ ႕ › ႕
႕
႕
› ႕
႕
႕
y
႕
႕
43
႕ ႕
႕
8
႕
› ႕
႕ PSC
9
-
႕
႕
MOGE ၅
႕ ၅
၅
10
႕
၂
႕ ႕
၂ ႕
႕
၂ MOGE
-
› › ႕
›
-
› ›
႕
၉
႕
11
႕ ႕
8 9
V
L
w
y
’
ore oil and gas blocks, March 2014
See Myanmar Upstream Oil and Gas Sector, Albert Chandler Law Offices, Thailand, August 2013
10
Republic of the Union of Myanmar Procurement Assessment Report, the Electric Power Sector (Ministry of Electric Power and Ministry of Energy), The
World Bank, 2013 11
The Oil and Gas Sector in Myanmar PP Presentation. Ministry of Energy, Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise.2013
႕
44
8
႕
၇။ စြမ္းအင္၀န္ၾကီးဌာနမွ သေဘာတူသည့္ ျပည္တြင္း ကုမၸဏီ ႏွင့္ ပူးေပါင္းလုပ္ေဆာင္ျခင္း
၁၂။ လုပ္ငန္းလုပ္ကိုင္သူအျဖစ္ မွတ္ပံုတင္ျခင္း
၂။ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ သံရံုး၏ ေထာက္ခံမ်ားႏွင့္အတူ တင္ျပျခင္း
၅။ Standard Terms and Conditions (TAC) ကို တင္ဒါေလွ်ာက္ထားသူမ်ားအား ရွင္းျပျခင္း ႏွင့္ TAC (၃) ခုအထိ ေလွ်ာက္ထားခြင့္ျပဳျခင္း
၈။ စြမ္းအင္၀န္ၾကီးဌာနႏွင့္ TAC အျပီးသတ္ညႇိႏိႈင္းျခင္း
၁၁။ ESIA ႏွင့္ ESMP တိ႕ု ေဆာင္ရြက္ျခင္း ႏွင့္ MOECAF အတည္ျပဳခ်က္ရယူျခင္း
၃။ တင္ဒါေလွ်ာက္ထားသူမွ ကနဦး အရည္အခ်င္းစစ္ေဆးမႈခံယူျခင္း (နည္းပညာ/ေငြေရးေၾကးေရး ႏွင့္ အေတြ႕အၾကံဳပိုင္း)
၄။ တင္ဒါေလွ်ာက္ထားမႈကို စိစစ္ျခင္း
၉။ PSC စာခ်ဳပ္ အတည္ျပဳျခင္း
၁၀။ MOGE ႏွင့္ MIC တိ႕ု ထံ ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္မ်ား ရယူျခင္း
၁. Letter of Expression ေပးပို႕ျခင္း (ကုမၸဏီအခ်က္အလက္မ်ား ႏွင့္အတူ)
၆။ တင္ဒါေအာင္ျမင္သူမ်ား လုပ္ကက ြ ္မ်ားကို ေလ့လာခြင့္ျပဳျခင္း
႕
45
႕
႑
႕
႕
12
NGO
Global Witness
၂
၅ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
13
႕
႑
႕ ႕
၂
၉
႕ ႕
႕
႕
12 13
႕
႕
Arakan Oil Watch, 2012
႕
46
9
Domestic Pipeline (not represented above): -
-
MOGE has been laying the pipes throughout Myanmar to expand its national pipeline network. Various size from 6” to 24” of pipeline were constructed Total length is about 2,100 miles
႕
Export Pipeline Offshore
Onland
Yadana (36”)
216 miles
39 miles
Yetagun (24”)
126 miles
43 miles
Zawtika (28”)
143 miles
42 miles
Shwe (32”)
65 miles
3 miles
Nil
495 miles
Nil
481 miles
China Myanmar Gas
– (40”)
China-Myanmar (32”) Oil
႕
47
၂
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႑
႕
႕ ႕ ႕ ႕ ႑
႕
႑
14
႕
ES ႑ ႕ ႑ ႕ ႕
႑ ႕
၂
၃
Committee (NEMC)
14
႕ ႕
႕
National Energy Management
Energy Development Committee (EDC)
႕
Attempts to obtain the draft Land Use Planning documents were not successful in the course of the research gathered for this report.
႕
48
႕ NEMC
႑ ႕
႕
-
15
-
›
-
› ႕
›
၉
႕
႕ -
›
-
› ႕
-
› ႑ ႕
›
႑
› › ႑
›
႑
႑
႕
› ႕ EDC
႕
႕
-
› ႕
›
၂
႕
႕
-
› ႕
-
› ႑
›
႕
›
15
y
’
y
y
႕
y
0
49
႑ ႕
› › ႕
›
႕
› ႑
›
႕
EITI ၂
၂
႕
႕ ႑ ႕
၂
၃
႕ ႕ -
›
-
႑
› › ႕
› ›
႕
› › ႕
›
႑ ႕
› ႕
› › ›
႕ ႕ ႕ ႕ ႕ ႕ ႕ ႕
႕
၃ ႕ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
50
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
၇
၂
၃
႕
႕
႕
႕
႑
၂ International
Aid
Transparency
Initiative
(IATI)
႕
16
၃ ES
ES
၃၉
႕
၂၆
႑ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
၂
႕
႕
၇
႕
႕
၂
႕
႕
႕
႕
၂၂ ႕
၈
႕ 17
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႑ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
16
http://www.aidtransparency.net/news/myanmar-endorses-iati
17
See http://www.president-office.gov.mm/en/?q=hluttaw/pyithu-hluttaw
႕
-
႕
51
႕
›
႕ ႕
› ႕
႕
› › ႕ › ႕
› ႕
႕ ႕
႕
52
၃ ၃ (FID) ႕
FDI
FDI
႑
FDI ႕
႕ ၉၈၈
႕ ၂
႑
႕
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ›
၂
႕
18
-
၂ ႕
›
New York Convention on Arbitration
› ›
႕
႑ ႕
႕ ႕
›
(SME)
႕
၂
၂
› ႕
one-stop-shop
Special Economic Zones (SEZ)
› ႕
၂
၅
18 Power Point Presentation, OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar Aung Naing Oo, Director General, DICA 15 October 2013
႕
53
႑
႑
›
႑ ႕
႕
› ၂
›
၂
႕
႑
›
› ›
၃၂
႕ 4
႕
(World Bank)
႑ ႕ ႑
႕ (Bissinger,
2012)
FDI
၂ (see table 4)
Year
Amount (US$)
2009
1,078,972,201
2010
901,133,535
2011
1,000,557,266
2012
2,242,980,000
႕
႕
႑
႕
႕ ၅ ႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
54
1)
႑
Mining 7%
(DICA, GOUM, 2013)
Real Estate 3%
Livestock and Fisheries 1%
Transport and Communication 1%
Oil and Gas 37%
Power 51%
႕ ႕ ႑ ၂
-
›
႕
›
႕ ႕
႑
႑
FDI ၇
႕
႕ ႑ ႕
႑
19
႕
19
၂
႑
http://www.elevenmyanmar.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6629:myanmar-to-use-coal-energy-to-increase-power-
supply&catid=44:national&Itemid=384
႕
55
5)
႕
Particulars
(DICA, 2013)
Permitted Enterprises No.
Approved Amount (US$ Millions)
%
Power
5
18,874
47.68
Oil and Gas
104
13,815
34.17
Mining
64
2,794
6.19
Manufacturing
164
1,761
4.35
Hotel and Tourism
45
1,065
2.65
Real Estate
19
1,056
2.61
Livestock and Fisheries
25
324
0.80
16
314
0.78
Industrial Estate
3
193
0.48
Agriculture
7
173
0.43
Construction
2
38
0.09
Other Services
6
24
0.06
Total
460
40,431
100.00
Transport
&
Communication
၂ ၂
႑
၂ ၂
၇
႕
၃၂ ၈
၇၃၆
႑
႕ ႕
၃၂
႕ ႕
႕
56
2) ၉၈၉
(DICA 2013)
2010-2011 2007-2008 2004-2005 2001-2002 1998-1999 1995-1996 1992-1993 1989-1990 0.000
5,000.000
10,000.000
15,000.000
20,000.000
25,000.000
၂
႕ ႕
၈
႕
၂
၉၈၈
၅ ၈ ၇၃
႕
႑
၂ ႕
၂
႕ ႕
၂
၂ ၅ ၃
၂
၆
႕ ၉၉၇
႕
20
၂ ၂
႕
၂ ၂
-၂ ႕
႑ Bissinger
၂
-၂
႑ ႑ ႕
21
၃ 3) ႑
႕
(Bissinger
႑
2012)
FDI
20
http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/4759-fdi-jumps-by-more-than-half-in-july-says-cso.html
21
Bissinger, Jared. 2012. Foreign Investment in Myanmar: A Resource Boom but a Development Bust? Contemporary Southeast Asia Vol. 34, No. 1, pp.
23–52
႕
57
႑ ၉၈၈ (Bissinger, ၂
၆၈
၂)
႕ PSC
၇ ႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
22
႕ ႕ ႕ ၂
၂
၃၃
၃
႑
႕ ၂
႕
၃-
႕ ၂
႕
႕
- ၅ ၂
႕ ႕
၆၅ ႕
၃
႕ ႕
၂ ႕
၇ 23
႕ ၅
22
The US State Department is funding support by the US Geological Survey to MOGE, beginning in August 2014.
23
IMF Staff Report For The 2013 Article IV Consultation, p17
႕
58
႕
႕
(IMF ၂
၃).
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕ ႕
၂
၂
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
႑ ႕
(IMF, ၂
၃
႕
၂
၃
၃ ႕
႕ ႕ ႕ ၉၈၉ ႕ ႕
႕ ၉၉ ႕
႕
႕
59
႑ ၂
၂
-
႑
႕
(Bissinger, 2012).
႕
၈
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
-
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕ -
› ›
-
႕
-
႕
႕
႕
›
-
L
› ›
OECD
႕
႕
႕
60
၂ “
၃ ႕
၂
႑
႕
၂- ၃
”
၂
၇၆ ၃
႕
႕
၃
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ၆ ႕ 6)
(MOGE Presentation, Jan 2014).
Country
% Blocks
Azerbaijan
6%
France
6%
Malaysia
14%
South Korea
9%
Thailand
20%
China
20%
Myanmar
6%
Vietnam
3%
Singapore
14%
India
3%
႕ ၂
24
႕
24
၂
႑
See for example http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/myanmar
႕
61
4)
႔
(Buchanan 2012)
႕
62
FDI
႕ ႕
၃၅
FDI
႕ ႑ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ 25
25
Petronas
႕
႕
႕
၂
႕
63
႕
MPRL 26
The Chinese Nickel Mining Company (CNMC)
MEITI
႕
႕ MSG
႕ ႕
Myanmar Federation of Mining Association (MFMA) ႕ ႕ ႕
27
႕ ႕
႕ International Crisis Group (2012) ၅
၂
႕
႕ “
”
႕
႕ ႕
26
27
MPRL
႕
႑
႑
၂ ႕
႕
၂
႕
64
႑ ႕
႕
႕
28
႕
႕ 5)
29
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
“
28
y 29
y
v ’
”
y
y
” y
w
J
0
“
J y 0
Visualisation of data supplied by MOM
႕
65
႑
႑ / / ႕
႑
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
၂
႕ ( ၈) ႕
႕ ႕
႕
/ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
30
႑ ၂
၂၈
႕ ႕
႕
႕
၅ %
႕
႕
31
၇ %
32
MEITI
MEITI
႕
၂ ၂
၈
႕ ႕ ၂၅%
30
Ibid. p36.
31
Ibid. p38.
32
Interview with the Shan State government, May 2014.
႕
(၂) (၂၅၂)
႕
66
( ၈၈) (၂) (၂)
(
-
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
(၂၅ )
(၅)
/
႕
႕
-
႕
႕
႕
႕
႑
႑
႕
႕
႕
၃ ၂
႕
၈
႕
(၇) (၇)
႕
(၆)
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
႕ /
33
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
33
State and Region Governments in Myanmar
႕
-၉
67
6)
႕
68
႑ ႕ ႕ (၃) /
႕
႕
/ ႕
34
႕ ႕ / MDRI/Asia
35
Foundation 36
/
႕
႕
႕ ႑
႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
၂ MDRI/Asia Foundation
႕
၂ -
႑
႑
34
35
37
State and Region Governments in Myanmar, p14. Natural Resources and Subnational Governments in Myanmar, p27-8
36
State and Region Governments in Myanmar, p33.
37
Ibid. p34.
႕
69
7)
႕
႕
70
၅ ၂
၈
႕
( )
(၉၆)
( ) (၆)
-
႑
႕
႕
(၉၆)
႕
႕
႕
(၂) ႕
႕
႕
႕
38
/ (
႕
႕
-
)
႕
႕
IGC
/ 39
၆ /
႕
႕
႕ 38
Natural Resources and Subnational Governments in Myanmar, p27
39
Ibid p29
(၃
႕
71
-
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕ IGC ႕
႕
႕ 40
၇ ၂
႕
၈
႕
(၅) ႕
႑
/
၅၈% ၉၉%
၆၅%
႕
႑
41
MSG
/
(
EITI ႕
( ) ႕
႕ (
႕)
/ ႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
၂ ၂
၃-
- ၅
႑ ႑
/
႕
.၈%
၃.၆% ႕
42
-
40
Ibid. p30.
41
State and Region Governments in Myanmar, p46-7.
42
Natural Resources and Subnational Governments in Myanmar, p24
႕
72
၈ ၅ (
›
)
(
›
)
(
)
႕ (
)
(
)
႕(
)
႕ ၆
၂
၈
႕
၅၆
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
၉
႕ ႕ ESIA
SIA
႕ (၅)
›
(
›
(
-
)
(
› ›
႕
( (
› ႕
(၅) (
› › ›
)
( (
)
›
(
›
(
) )
႕
73
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
(governance)
႑
(
႕
႑
)
႕ ႕
(
)
႑
(၃)
EITI
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႑
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
(၈)
႕ (MATA) ႕ Myanmar Alliance for Transparency and Accountability (MATA) ႑
႕ ႕
႕
႕
၈
႕
႑ ႕
၂
၃
႕ ႕
႕
၉
MATA
႕
႕
႑
႕ Forest
Law
Enforcement
Governance
and
Trade
(FLEGT)
႕ MATA
႕
၂
႕
႕ MSG
႕
MATA -
႕
›
႕
႕
႕
74
› ႕
႕
႕
›
႑
႕
႕
႕ ႕
› ႕
› ›
႕
႕ ႕
႕
› ›
႕
႕
8) MATA
႕
MEITI – CSO MSG
National Steering Group (23) 14 representatives of Sub-National level 9 Civil Society Representatives in MEITI - MSG
National Working Group (70) – 5 Representatives from each region
Regional Working Group (15-25) members in each region
Community & Civil Societies Awareness Raising Workshops at State and Division Level
႕
75
9) MATA
႕ ႕
(taken from the MATA Process Paper)
႕
႕
၉
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
MATA
႕
76
႑
႑ ႕
၂
၃
႕ 43
၂ ႕ ၈ ႕ ႕
M
႕
Total Exploration & Production Myanmar Authority of Thailand Exploration & Production (၂၅ ၅
(၃ ၂
Chevron (၂၈ ၂၆
MOGE ( ၅
Petroleum
႕
၆
႕
႕
႕
၃ ၆
၆၃ ႕
႕
၂ ႕
႕
႕
႕
Yadana Socio-Economic Programme
(SEP)
၉၉၅ ႕
၃ ၆
၉၉၈ ၂
၃ ၇၈ ၃၉
၆
၃
႕
V
႕
႕
႕
၈ ႕ ႕
႕
၂ ႕
43
CNPC
MOGE
CNPC, MOGE, Daewoo International, KOGAS, Indian Oil
႕ GAIL
႕
See the EITI Standard, 4.1 (e)
႕
77
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
၂
၃
႕
႕
-
“ (
) ႕
( ႕
)
႕
႕
Environmental Impact Assessments ႕
႕
႕
”44 ႕ CNPC
CSR ၂
၂
႕ ႕
၂
၂
45
၂၂ ၂ ၂
၂
၂ ၆
၂
၈
၅ ႕
၃
၂ ၈
46
႕ CNPC
၃
၃
႕
Good Governance and the Extractive Industry in Burma, Shwe Gas Movement, pp5-6
44
45
႕
http://csr.cnpc.com.cn/en/press/Features/Caring_for_Myanmar_communities_along_the_pipeline.shtml?COLLCC=3706698166&COLLCC=2938205027
& 46
Ibid.
႕
78
19)
၃၃
႕
79
၂
(၅)
႕
(
)
( ၂)
႕
႕ ႕
႕
(၅)
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
Shan State Army
(Restoration Council of Shan State – RCSS y
)
႕
Ta-ang National Liberation Army (TANL)
)
)
႕
United Wa State Army (UWSA)
Shan ႕
႕ -
47
(
› ႕
) ႕
› /
› ›
/
႕
( ႕
›
)48
( ) ( ၆)
›
႕
၂,
႕
49
›
(
) –Robbing the Future ( ၂)
›
႕
႑ ႑ ႕ ႕
47
Although not published in this report the authors have the beneficial ownership breakdown for these mineral assets
48
See http://www.ruby-sapphire.com/foreign-affairs.htm
49
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tigyit_coal_mine
႕
80
႑
႑ ႕
႑
႕
႕
႕
႕ ,
၅ , ၇ %
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
၃
၂ -
Karen National Union (KNU) ( ၂- -၂
၂)
႕
႕
႕
႕
KNU ႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
81
႑ ႑
႕ ႕
၃
႕
၅
႕
႕
၇
, ၉၂
႕
၂
၂ ၂
၂
၆
႕
50
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႑
႑ ႑
႑
၂
႑
၇
၂၇ ၉
၆
႕
႑ ႑
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
၂
႕
႕
၂
၆
႕ ၈၇
၂
႕
႕
႕
၂ ၆ ၂
႕
၃၆ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
၂
၂
၆
၃
႕
၂
၆ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
50
႕
႕
See http://www.european-times.com/countries/union-minister-national-planning-economic-development/
႕
82
႑
႕ ႕
႕
႕
၂ ႕
႑
႕
႕ ႕ ၂ -
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕ ၂
႕
႕
20)
႕
83
႕
၅
႕ ႕
open pit
႕
underground
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
၅
၆
႕ “
”
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
Development Company (KSDC)
Kayin
State
႕
႑
KSDC ႕ ႕
႑
႕ ႕
႕
၂
႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕ ႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
၇
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
84
၅ ၅ ၂
၂
၃
၃
႕ 51
.
႕
၂
၃
႕
52
႕
›
Retained earnings)
› ႕
›
႕
›
႕
›
႕
› -
› ›
႕
›
၂
၃
႕
-
› › ႕
›
႕
›
႕
႕
႕
51
52
႕
EITI Requirement 3, 3.2 EITI Requirement 3.6
႕
85
၅၂ ႕ ၂
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
႑ Performance
Compensation Contracts (PCCs),
Improvement of Marginal Recovery Agreements
Reactivation Agreements
႕ ႕
႕
၇ PSC
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
› › ›
၇
7) Production Rate in
MOGE Share
CONTRACTOR Share (%)
Barrels per Day
(%)
0-10,000
60
40
10,001-20,000
65
35
20,001-50,000
70
30
50,001-100,000
80
20
100,001-150,000
85
15
>150,000
90
10
႕
86
႕ 8) Production Rate in
MOGE Share
CONTRACTOR Share (%)
Million Cubic Feet per Day
(%)
Up to 60
60
40
61-120
65
35
121-300
70
30
301-600
80
20
601-900
85
15
>900
90
10
“
”
႕ ၉
႕
၉၇
႕
႑
၉
႕ ႕
၂၅
၉
MOGE ႕
႕ ႑
၃
႕
87
၃ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
53
၃
၅
၉
႕
႕
၃
၅
၉
႕
၂
႕
၃
႕
၅
႕
၃
႕
၃
႕
၃
၂
၉ ၃
၉
႕
၉
႕
၅
၆
႕
႕
၃ ၉
၅ ႕
႕
၃
၉
႕
၉ ၉
႕
၂
႕
၂ ႕
႕
၃
႕
႕
႕
၆
႕
႕
႕
၉
႕
၃
႕
၅ ၃
၆
၃
၃
၉ ၃
53
၆
Chapter 6 also provides a summary of Non-Tax Revenues under Production Sharing Contracts.
႕
88
၇ MOGE
႕
၇၂
54
55
၇၂
၉
56
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
54
Withholding tax for the payments made for goods and services and for all Income Tax and other levies if any, for which expatriate personnel of
Contractor. 55
Payment to appropriate authorities import duties, customs duties, sales tax and other duties levied on motor vehicles brought into Myanmar for
personnel use and not for field use by Contractor. 56
Income Tax imposed upon Contractor under the Income Tax Laws of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
႕
89
႕
႕
၉ ၅
၂၅
႕
႕
MOGE
၃
›
၉၃
၂
›
၅ ၈၇
႕
႕
၂၃
႕
႕ ႕ ၂၃ ၃ ႕ ၂၃ ၇
႕
႕
႕
႕
႑ ၆
႑
႕
၂
90
႕
႕
၅ ›
L
-
၃ ၂
၂၈ ၂၆
၂၅ ၅
၅ ႕
›
႕
Export Gas Sales Agreement (EGSA) ႕
႕
› ႕
႕
Export Gas Transportation Agreement (EGTA)
Moattama Gas Transportation Company (MGTC)
› ›
႕
Gas Pipeline Operating Agreement (GPOA) ႕ -
၉ ႕
57
၂
- ၂
57
Ministry of Energy, 2011-2012 Oil and Gas Companies Information, excel file 2011.
႕
91
10)
႕
MOGE (PSC)
Export Gas Sales Agreement
BUYER (PTTEP)
TOTAL
UNOCAL
PTTEP
MOGE
31.24%
28.26%
25.50%
15.00% Export Gas Transportation Agreement
Production Operating Agreement
MGTC TOTAL
(SHAREHOLDING)
Gas Pipeline Operating Agreement
(Operator)
TOTAL
UNOCAL
PTTEP
MOGE
31.24%
28.26%
25.50%
15.00%
႕
92
9) Company Name
Origin
of
႕ Location
Initial Year
Company
Workplace
Area
(Square Miles)
Initial
Capital
Block
(MMSU$) (MIC Permit)
TEPM (Yadana Natural Gas Project)
France
Mottama Offshore
9.7.1992
5150/4988
455.00
M-5, M-6
PCML (Yetagun Natural Gas Project)
Malaysia
Tanintharyi Offshore
3.5.1990/ 29.9.1992
4834/2712/3205
338.50
M-12,M-13,M-14
Daewoo (Shwe Natural Gas Project)
Korea
Rakhine Offshore
4.8.2000/ 18.2.2004
1519/2618
58.40
A-1,A-3
PTTEPI (Zawtika Natural Gas Project)
Thailand
Mottama Offshore
12.11.2003/ 7.8.2004/
3000/4535/2810
22.00 M-3,M-9,M-11
25.7.2005 CNOOC
China
Rakhine Offshore/ Mottama
14.12.2004
2888/5320
Offshore InnTaw/Monywar
25.1.2005/4.1.2005
6.294/10.234
32.30 43.40
A-4,M-10 C-1,C-2
MPRL
Myanmar
Rakhine Offshore/ Man
18.1.2007/6.10.96
3795/ 31.52
27.60
A-6/MOGE-2
Goldpetrol
Indonesia
Chauk/ Yenanchaung
4.10.1996
389/306
21.00
IOR-2,MOGE-1
Rimbunan Petrogas
Malaysia
Mottama Offshore
9.3.2007
4013
35.00
M-1
Daewoo
Korea
Rakhine
25.2.2007
650
13.00
Offshore
(Deep
AD-7
Site) MGTC(Natural Gas Transportation)
France
Yadana Gas Pipeline
30.1.1995
TPC(Natural Gas Transportation)
Malaysia
Yetagun Gas Pipeline
10.3.1997
Geopetrol International Holding Inc
Panama
Pyalo, Pakhuku
11.3.2012
SINOPEC
China
Mahutaung
3.9.2004
D
Nobel Oil
Russia
OoRu
6.9.2008
A,B-1
North Petro Chemical Corporation
China
Ngahlaingtwin
16.6.2010
F
Chinnery Assets Limited
China
Rakhine Offshore
15.1.2007
AD-1,AD-6,AD-8
Petrovietnam Exploration
Vietnam
Mottama Offshore
2.10.2008
M-2
984
26.00
႕
RSF-9
93
၂
႑ ႕
႕ ႕
႑ ၂ ၂
၃
႕ ၃ ၅
႕
၃၉
58
၂ ႕
႕ ၂
႕
၅၃ ၉၈၉
႑ ႕
›
႕
› › ႕
႕ 59
58
Information provided by the MFMA.
59
z
“
v
y
v
y
” L
v w
႕
94
႕
႕
၅ ၉-၇-၂
၂
႕
၇ ႕ ႕ ႕ ၃ ႕
၂၂ ႕
႕
႕ 60
႕
႕ ႕
61
၅၅
႑
၂
၃
EITI ႕ ၂ ႕
၃
၃၉
႕
-
60
Ministry of Mines and Petroleum of Afghanistan, http://mom.gov.af/en/page/1384
61
Natural Resource Governance Institute, http://www.resourcegovernance.org/rgi/reporting
႕
95
႕ ႕ ၂
၃
၃
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႑
႕
႕
႑ 62
႕
႕ ႕ “ ႕
”
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႑
႕
႕ ႕
႕ Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business
႕ ႕
M
63
႕
႕
႕ ႕
62
63
EITI Requirement 3.6 (c) Transparency in Myanmar Enterprises Report, July 2014, Myanmar Center for Responsible Business
႕
96
Harvard Ash Report (2013)
႕ ၅
၂
“ ႕
”
၇
၂ “
႕
”
Global
၇
႕
Witness
Report
႕
႕ “
႕ ”
Global
Witness
႕ ႕
Securities Exchange Commission (၂ ႕
၂
၅
႕ ႕
၅၆ ႑
၉ ၈ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
၉၉ ႕
႕
97
၂
႕
႕ ၂
၉၅ ႕ ႕ ႕
႕
၉၈၉
႕
၉ ၈၉
၉၈၈
႑
၉ ၈၉ ႑ ၉၉၇ ႕
၉၇
႕ ႕
၅၇ ၉၉ ႕
႕
႕
၂
႕
UMEHL
႕
MEC
႕ ၉၅
Defence Services Institute (DSI)
၉၆၂-၈၈
DSI
႕
႕ ၃
(UMEHL)
႕
႕
႕ ၂
၉၉
UMEHL
၉၅
႕ ႕
႕
L ၉၉
၂ ႕
၇
UMEHL 98
၇၇
႕
၉၉၇
႕
(MEC)
၉၉၇
၉၈၉
႕
႕ ႕
MEC
၉၈၉
EITI ႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕ -
-
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
၉၉
၂
႕ ၉၉
၂
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
၅ ၈ UMEHL
MEC ၂
UMEHL
MEC
႕
႑
၂ ႕ ၂
၈
႕
႕
99
႑
႕ ႕
႕
› ႕
›
႕ ႕
›
႑
၂
႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕ ၂ ႕
၂
႕
၃
႕ ၂
၂
၂
UMEHL ၉၉
႕
၂
႕
၂ ႕
႕
႑
L
L ႕
႕
႕ ၂
-
႕
100
10) 2007
Shareholder Category A
789.73
1,196.81
personnel 1,467 military units
33,745.31 military
43,885.52
1,265.53
personnel
L
(in millions of kyat)
808.33
8 v
Distributions of
(in millions of kyat)
Ministry of Defence
retired
by
profits 1990-2007
330
6,069
held
categories of stakeholders
Directorate of Procurement
35,444 Active duty military
B
capital
’
427.96
႕
႕
႑
International Crisis Group (ICG)
L
႕ ႕
L
႕
႕ L
႕
UMEHL
၃ ႕
၂ L
႕
UMEHL
႑
Imperial Jade Company
Myanmar Ruby Enterprise
႕
Myanmar
႕
႕
႕
L
႕
UMEHL
႕
႕
L L
႕ ႕
႕
101
MEC (MEC) L
၉၉၇ ႕
႑
UMEHL
MEC
႕
L ႕
႕ L
႕
႕
႕
႕
႑
႕ ၇
႑
L
L ႕ 11) UMEHL
Region/State
Area
Type
Mandalay
Kyaukpukhet
Limestone
Mandalay
Hsin Mountain
Granite
Mon
Mayangon
Granite
Mon
Kyauk Mae Mountain
Granite
Mon
Tin War Mountain
Granite
Sagaing
Kyay Sin Mountain
Copper
Sagaing
Kyauk An Che
Coal
Sagaing
Letpadaung Mountain
Copper
12) MEC
Region/State
Area
Type
Kayin
Than Dai Mountain
Limestone
Mandalay
Yathayt Mountain
Marble
Shan (East)
Mongku
Coal
Tanintharyi
Maw Taung
Coal
Shan (North)
Man Kaung
Gypsum
႕
102
၆ ၆ 64
႕
›
၈ ႑
› ႕
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
65
႑ ႕
-
“ ႕ ႕
၂
၃
႕ ႕ ႕
66
၂ “
႕
”
႕
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
႕ ႑
႕
႕
64
႕
၂၃
EITI 2013 Standards, Requirement 2
65
“Natural Resources and Subnational Governments
66
Ibid. p11.
y
y
” MDRI & The Asia Foundation, June 2014
႕
103
22)
႕
104
-
၂၂ ႕
႑
႕
၂၂
67
႑ ႕
႕ ႕
၂
၃
ၰ ႕
႑ ႕ ႕ ႑
႕
႕ 68
႕
69
႕
႕ ၃ ၃ ၉ ၅ ၇
70
႕
၂
- ၂
၂၅
႕
႕
67
68
PFM World Bank 2014 report
69
PFM World Bank 2014 report
70
See the World Bank PEFA report for Myanmar (2012), p26.
႕
105
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
႑
႕
႕
႑
႕
106
11) ၂ ႕
႕ ႕ ႕
၂
၈
႕ ႕ ႕
၂ ၂
၃ ၃
႕
႕ ၅
၃
႕
၅ ၅
႕ ၂ ၆
႕
၂
၅ ၃-၆-
၂
႕ ႕
“၂
၃၅
- -
၇ ”
႕
107
၆၂
႑ ႑
႕
႕
႑
၃
၃
႕
႕
71
-
(CIT) ၂၅ ၃၅
႕ ႔
႕
႕
၃
႕
႑
၃
႔
႔
႔
႔ ႔
(
႕
႕ ႕
႕
72
႔ ၎တို႔၏
71
႕ 72
E&Y Myanmar Tax Guide January 2014
႕
108
႔
႑
ၸ
13) CIT Taxable Income or Taxpayer
Tax Rates
Salaries received by foreigners under special permission in State-sponsored projects
20%
Salaries received by foreigners working for entities created under the Foreign
Resident
Investment Law (Progressive rates)
Non-resident 35% (related currency)
0%
to
25%
(Kyats)
Salaries received by foreigners working for non-Foreign Investment Law companies – not approved by the MIC (Progressive rates) 0% - 25%
Resident foreigners
35%
Non-resident foreigners 14)
73
Tax Rates for Tax Residents Net profit on business activities
0%-25%
Net profits on business activities for foreign entities under Foreign Investment Law
(5) Years of consecutive income tax exemption from the beginning of business on commercial scale and 25% from net profit before deductibles in the later years.
Capital gains tax
10%
Withholding tax on Interests
-
Withholding tax on Royalties from patents, trademarks and know-how
15%
73
Source: PWC, Myanmar Business Guide February 2014
႕
109
Withholding tax on payments made by State organizations, foreign companies, local authorities, co-operatives, partnerships, entities formed under existing laws for
2%
procurement and service rendered in Myanmar under agreements Advance income taxes on import and export of goods and services collected by the IRD
2%
႔
႔
၅ ၆
႕ ႔ V
V
V ႕
႕ ႑ 74
႕
႕
74
World Bank, PEFA, 2012
႕
110
႕
›
၅ ႕
႕
၂ ၃
› ›
၂
›
႕
၂ ႔
႕ ႕
႕
႕
၆၃ ႕
႑
၂
၆ ႕
႕
႕
၂
႕
၆ ႑
၃
၉
႕
႕ ႕ ႕ ႕ ၂
႕
႕ ၂၅
႕
111
24)
Energy Planning Department` (EPD)
Central Bank controls National Bank Accounts Myanmar Economic Bank
Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) UPSTREAM SECTOR
Royalties Production Split Land Rent Signature Bonuses Production Bonuses Data Fee Training Fund Research and D. Fund State Participation
႕
႑
Myanmar Petrochemical Enterprise (MPE) DOWNSTREAM SECTOR
Myanmar Petroleum Products Enterprise (MPPE) RETAIL AND WHOLE SALE DISTRIBUTION
Ministry of Finance
Potential leakages • : % revenue returns to the budget from overseas accounts • Exchange rates
Customs Duties Corporate Income Tax Commercial Tax Capital Gain Tax Stamp Duties Excise Taxes
(MEB - State Owned Commercial Bank)
Foreign Investment Law
National Currency EI Revenue
National Currency EI Revenue
Myanmar Foreign Trade Bank (MFTB/ Yangon)
Foreign Currency EI Revenue
Foreign Currency EI Revenue
Customs
IRD
Oil & Gas PSC
႕
112
15) Non-Tax
PSC Onshore Blocks
PSC Offshore Blocks
PSC Deep Water Blocks
IPRC Onshore Blocks
Data Fee
None
Amount not specified (3)
None
Amount not specified (6)
Signature
Amount not specified
Bonus
(2)
Amount not specified (2)
Amount not specified (5)
Amount not specified (7)
Royalty
12.5%
12.5%
12.5%
12.5% (8)
Production
Crude Oil:
Crude Oil:
Crude Oil:
Incremental Crude Oil:
Lowest threshold; up
600 feet or less of water
2,000 feet or less of water
Lowest threshold; up to
to 10,000 BOPD 60%
depth Lowest threshold; up
depth Lowest threshold;
5,000 BOPD 60% MOGE
MOGE and 40%
to 25,000 BOPD 60%
up to 25,000 BOPD 60%
and 40% Contractor
Contractor
MOGE and 40% Contractor
MOGE and 40% Contractor
Highest threshold;
Highest threshold; Above
Highest threshold; Above
30,000 BOPD 85% MOGE
Above 150,000 BOPD
150,000 BOPD 90% MOGE
150,000 BOPD 90% MOGE
and 15% Contractor
90% MOGE and 10%
and 10% Contractor
and 10% Contractor
More than 600 feet of water
More than 2,000 feet of
depth
water depth
Lowest threshold; up to
Lowest threshold; up to
25,000 BOPD 60% MOGE
25,000 BOPD 60% MOGE
and 40% Contractor
and 40% Contractor
Highest threshold; Above
Highest threshold; Above
150,000 BOPD 85% MOGE
150,000 BOPD 85% MOGE
and 15% Contractor
and 15% Contractor
Instruments
Split
Contractor
Highest threshold; Above
Natural Gas:
2,000 feet or less of water
Natural Gas:
Lowest threshold; up
Natural Gas:
to 60 MMCFD 60%
600 feet or less of water
MOGE and 40%
depth
Contractor
Highest threshold; above 900 MMCFD
Lowest threshold; up to 300 MMCFD 65% MOGE
depth Lowest threshold; up to 300 MMCFD 65% MOGE and 35% Contractor
Incremental Natural Gas: All additional CFD 60% MOGE and 40% Contractor
Highest threshold; above 900 MMCFD 90% MOGE
႕
113
90% MOGE and 10% Contractor
and 35% Contractor
and 10% Contractor
Highest threshold; above
More than 2,000 feet of
900 MMCFD 90% MOGE
water depth
and 10% Contractor
Lowest threshold; up to
More than 600 feet of water
300 MMCFD 55% MOGE
depth
and 45% Contractor
Lowest threshold; up to
Highest threshold; above
300 MMCFD 60% MOGE
900 MMCFD 80% MOGE
and 40% Contractor
and 20% Contractor
Highest threshold; above 900 MMCFD 90% MOGE and 10% Contractor Non-Tax Instruments Commerciality
PSC Onshore Blocks
PSC Offshore Blocks
PSC Deep Water Blocks
IPRC Onshore Blocks
None
None
None
Amount not specified (9)
Crude Oil:
Crude Oil:
Crude Oil:
Incremental Crude Oil:
Upon approval of
Upon approval of
Upon approval of
Lowest threshold; up to
Development Plan 0.50
Development Plan 1.00
Development Plan 1.00
2,000 BOPD for 60
MMUS$
MMUS$
MMUS$
consecutive days of
Highest threshold;
Highest threshold; Above
Highest threshold; Above
Above 150,000 BOPD
200,000 BOPD for 90
200,000 BOPD for 90
Highest threshold; above
for 90 consecutive
consecutive days of prod.
consecutive days of prod.
30,000 BOPD for 60
days of prod. 6.00
10.00 MMUS$
10.00 MMUS$
consecutive days of
Bonus Production Bonus
MMUS$
production 3.00 MMUS$
Natural Gas:
Natural Gas:
Upon approval of
Upon approval of
Upon approval of
Development Plan 1.00
Development Plan 1.00
Development Plan 0.50
MMUS$
MMUS$
Highest threshold; above
Highest threshold; above
Highest threshold;
900 MMCFD for 90
900 MMCFD for 90
above 900 MMCFD for
consecutive days of prod.
consecutive days of prod.
Natural Gas:
MMUS$
production 0.20 MMUS$
႕
Incremental Natural Gas: Lowest threshold; up to 15 MMCFD for 60 consecutive days of production 0.50 MMUS$ Highest threshold; above 150 MMCFD for 60 consecutive days of
114
90 consecutive days of
10.00 MMUS$
10.00 MMUS$
production 2.00 MMUS$
Exploration period:
Exploration period: 50,000
Exploration period: 50,000
Initial joint study period:
25,000 US$ per year
US$ per year
US$ per year
10,000 US$
Production period:
Production period: 100,000
Production period: 100,000
Pilot project period:
50,000 US$ per year
US$ per year
US$ per year
50,000 US$ per year
prod. 6.00 MMUS$ Training Fund
Production period; 50,000 US$ per year Excess average production over 30,000 BOPD: 100,000 US$ per year Research and
05
’
Development
share of Profit
Fund
Petroleum
State Participation
Instruments Income Tax
’
05
’
05
’
of Profit Petroleum
of Profit Petroleum
of Profit Petroleum
15% to MOGE with
Up to 20% after
Up to 20% after
15% undivided interest
extension up to 25%
commercial discovery and
commercial discovery and
up to 25% is the reserves
up to 25% is the reserves
are greater than 5 TCF
are greater than 5 TCF
PSC Offshore Blocks
PSC Deep Water Blocks
’
Non-Tax
05
PSC Onshore Blocks
5
’
5
’
5
’
IPRC Onshore Blocks
According to the Myanmar
(1) (4)
Net Profit
Profit
Profit
Income Tax Law
Sharing Profits
40% of net profit up to
40% of net profit up to 100
40% of net profit up to
40% of net profit up to
on sale or
100 MMUS$
MMUS$
100 MMUS$
100 MMUS$
45% of net profit
45% of net profit between
45% of net profit between
45% of net profit between
between 100 MMUS$
100 MMUS$ and 150
100 MMUS$ and 150
100 MMUS$ and 150
and 150 MMUS$
MMUS$
MMUS$
MMUS$
50% of net profit
50% of net profit above
50% of net profit above
50% of net profit above
above 150 MMUS$
150 MMUS$
150 MMUS$
150 MMUS$
transfer of shares
1.
၃
႕
115
2.
၃
3.
၃
4.
၃
5.
၃
6.
၃
7. 8.
၃
႕
႕ ႕
႕ -
႕
႑
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
၅
၂၃ ၇
႕ ႕
႕ ႕
.75 ႑ MF ႕
႑
႕
75
http://www.dw.de/is-money-from-gas-deals-fuelling-the-myanmar-junta/a-5212992 and page 43 of the ERI report on the Yadana Pipeline
http://dg5vd3ocj3r4t.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/publications/total-impact.pdf
႕
116
၆
႑ ႕
႕
႕
႕
႑ ႕ ၅
›
၇၅
၃
›
၅
›
၃ PSC ၃
၇
႕
႑ ႕
၂၆ ႕
႕ ႕
႕
႑
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႑
႕
႕
႑
117
27)
႑
-
Large-Scale Mining Company
႕
118
28)
႕ ႕ ၃၅ ႑
၆၅
၂၅
၅
႕
႕
119
12)
႑
-
၂၈
၂
႕
႕ .
႕
120
13)
႕
-
၃ ၇
႑
႕
႕
၉ ၂
-၂
၂
“
႑
၃ ၈၅ ႕
” ၃ ၃၉၈
႕
႕
႕ ႕
၃
႕
121
၆၅ ၸ
႔ y
႔
႕ 76
႕
႕
႕
႕
၅၂
-
႕
႕
႕
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) ႕ Myanmar
Accountancy
Council
႕ Myanmar Institute of Certified Accountants (MICPA)
(MAC) ၂
၃
၂
၂
၃
၂၉
၈ ၂
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
- -၂
႕
76
႕
႕
-
PFM World Bank 2014 report
႕
122
IFRS 9: Financial Instruments;
IFRS 10: Consolidated Financial Statements;
IFRS 11: Joint Arrangements;
IFRS 12: Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities;
IFRS 13: Fair Value Measurement;
Standing Interpretations Committee (SICs) and International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRICs)
႕ ႕
၈ ႑
႕
႑ ႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႑
-
၅
႕
၅
႕
၃ -
၂ -၃-၂
၂ -၃-၂ ၂
၂၈-၃-၂
၂
႕
႕ ႕
႑
႕
႕
123
၆၆ ၂
EITI
၂
Public
Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) PEFA
International Organisation of Supreme Audit
Institutions (INTOSAI) ႕ ႕
L
PEFA
၂
၈
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႕ ႕ ႕
႑
၈
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
EITI
၂
႕
႕
႕
၂ ႕
႕ ႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
႕
124
႕
႕
႕
၆၇ ႕
႑
႕ ႕
႕
႕
႑ ႑ ႕
M
၂
႕
႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
၂
၃-
၈
႑
႕
႕ ႕
႕
“
y
”
႕ ႕
႑ ႕
႕
႕ ႑
႕
125
၇
႑
၇ ႑
y
8
႔ ၉၆၇
၉၈
၉၈၅ ၂ ႕
႑ (၂)
၂ y
-
၃
႔
႕ ႕
႕
y
႕
v
႕
႑
႕
႕
႕
႑ ႑ ႔
၃ ႔ ၂
၈
႕
႔
႑ ႕ ႔
႑
႔
႔
႔
႔
႕
126
၇၂ ႑ ၃ ›
(DHPP)
›
(DHPP)
-
(DHPI)
›
(HPGE)
›
႔ › › ›
၇ ႔ ႔
၇၃ ၉၆ ႔ ႕ -၂
႕
၂ ၈
႔
႕
၉၆
၅၉၅ -၂
၉၇ ႔
(၃ )
၂၆
(၈) ႕
၂ ၂
႔
၂
၅
၇၅
၂၈ ၂
၅
၂
,၉၃၅
(၈
႕
127
၂
-
႔
၆
၇၉
႔
၂
၈
၂
-
႔
႔
၂
-
႔
-
(၆) ႔
(၃)
႔
၅ ၅
၂
႔
၂
( ၆)
16) ၂ Power plant
၂
Location
77
Operational
Rated capacity (MW)
GWh/annum
Small Baluchaung BHP 1
Kayah
1992
28
200
Y ’
Bago
2007
25
123
Zaungtu
Bago
2000
20
76
Sedawgyi
Mandalay
1989
25
134
Zawgyi 1
Shan
1995
18
35
Zawgyi 2
Shan
1998
12
30
w
Large
77
Thaphanseik
Sagaing
2002
30
117
Mone
Magwe
2004
75
330
Paunglaung
Mandalay
2005
280
911
Khabaung
Bago
2008
30
120
KengTawn
Shan
2008
54
378
Shweli 1
Shan
2008
600
4,022
Yeywa
Mandalay
2010
790
3,550
Dapein 1
Kachin
2011
240
1,065
Shwegyin
Bago
2011
75
262
Source ADB Energy Sector Initial Assessment: Context and Strategic Issues.
႕
128
Power plant
Location
Operational
Rated capacity (MW)
GWh/annum
Kun
Bago
2011
60
190
Kyee On Kyee Wa
Magwe
2012
74
370
Baluchaung BHP 2
Kayah
1960
84
595
Baluchaung BHP 2
Kayah
1974
84
595
Kinda
Mandalay
1985
56
165
2,635
13,268
Totals
၂ ႔
၂
၃
၂,၇၈
၃ ၉၈၆
၃၅
၃ -
-78 ၂
›
၃ - ၃ ၅၂
› ၃
›
၂
၅
၂
၅
၆ ၂၈
› w ၆ ›
78
၂
၅၂
)
႔
(Keng ၅
႔ ၃
၂
႔
Note that the capacities of these stations quoted here are not fully consistent with those given in tables 17 and 18 below.
႕
129
၂ ၃
႕ -
79
၅
႕
၇ ၃ ၅
၇
႕ -
၂
၉
-
၂
႔
၂
႔ ၇
၇၂၃
႔
႔ ႔
80
၂ ႔
႔
၇၅ ၃
-
႔
› ›
› ႑ ႔
႔ ၇
၈
၉
႔
၅ ႔ ႔
79
The National Energy Policy Chapter 4
80
Equation for tariff or charges per unit of energy consumed or produced
႕
130
၇၆ 81
V
-
V
႔
( V
NPV ႑
႕ -
› › ႕
›
႕
› ›
႔
၅ ၂၂
၂
႔
႔ ႔
႔
႔
81
The present value of a time series of cash flows. It is a standard method for using the time value of money to appraise long-term projects.
႕
131
29) ၂
၃-
1,200 MW 1,000
800
600
400
200
0 May
June
July
August
September October November December January
႕
February
March
April
132
17) Power Plant
MW
GWh
Upper Paunglaun
104
454
Nancho
40
152
Middle Paunglaun
100
500
Shweli 3
1,050
3,500
Kun
60
190
Phyu
40
120
Upper Yeywa
280
1,600
Bawgata
160
500
Manipur
380
1,903
Tha-htay
111
386
Ann
10
44
Upper Buywa
150
534
Upper Keng Tawng
51
267
Totals
2,536
10,150
18) Power Plant
MW
GWh
Local Implementing Companies
Thaukyegat-2
120
605
Gold Energy Co., Ltd
Baluchaung-3
52
334
Future Energy Co., Ltd
Middle Paunglaun
29
134
Shweli 3
9
38
Kun
64
236
Phyu
280
1512
Upper Yeywa
6
45
Upper Baluchaung
30.4
-
New Energy Oasis Development Co, Ltd.
Bilin
280
-
Asia World Co., Ltd.
Ngotechaung
16.6
-
New Energy Oasis Development Co, Ltd.
Totals
887
2,904
႕
133
19) Power Plant
Implementing Companies
Capacity
Energy
MW
GWh
International
6,000
30,860
CPI
Myitsone
Chipwi
3,400
17,770
CPI
AWC
Wutsok
1,800
10,140
CPI
Wutsok
Kaunglanhpu
2,700
14,730
CPI
Kaunglanhpu
Renam (Yinang)
1,200
6,650
CPI
Renam (Yinang)
Hpizaw (Phisaw)
2,000
11,080
CPI
Hpizaw (Phisaw)
Laza
1,900
10,440
CPI
Laza
Chipwinge
99
599
CPI
Chipwinge
168
775
DUHD
Dapein 2 (Tarpain)
100
552
YPIC
GawLan
60
327
YPIC
Wu Zhongze (Wukyongkye)
YPIC
IGOEC
YPIC
IGOEC
YPIC
IGOEC
HHGL
AWC
HYDROCHINA Corp.
IGOEC
HYDROCHINA Corp.
IGOEC
CTGC + EGAT
IGOEC
Sinohydro Corp & EGAT
IGOEC
CDOI
STH
Myitsone (suspended)
Dapein
2
(Tarpain) GawLan Wu
Zhongze
(Wukyongkye) Hkan
Kawn
(Khetkan)
140
769
Tongxingqiao (Htonshinche)
320
1,746
435
2,401
1,400
7,338
(Naungpha)
1,000
5,290
Mantong
200
924
(Mongton)
7,110
35,446
Hutgyi (Hatkyi)
1,360
7,325
Tamanthi
1,200
6,685
Shwezaye
660
2,908
Saingdin (Saidin)
76.5
236
Lawngdin (Laungdin) Upper
Thanlwin
(Kunlong) Naopha
Upper
Local
Thanlwin
႕
134
Lemro (Laymyo) Lemro
600
3,576
2
(Laymyo)
90
273
Ywathit
4,000
21,789
180
920
Capacity
Energy
MW
GWh
Nam
Tamhpak
(Nanttabat) Power Plant
Htu
Kyan
(Htonkyang)
105
551
Hseng Na (Hannu)
45
234
Tha
Hkwa
(Thakwa)
150
776
Palaung
105
536
Bawlake (Bawlakhe)
CDOI
STH
CDOI
STH
CDOI
STH
CDOI
STH
Implementing Companies
International
Local
CDOI
STH
CDOI
STH
CDOI
STH
CDOI
STH
CDOI
STH
180
918
(Thaninthayi)
600
3,476
ITD
Shweli (2)
520
2,814
HLRHC
96
536
YNPG
(Wantaping)
25
138
YNPG
So Lue (Silu)
165
742
YNPG
50
274
YNPG
(Kyaingyang)
28
155
YNPG
He Kou (Hiku)
88
483
YNPG
(Nangkha)
200
937
YNPG
Mawlaik (Mawlite)
520
3,310
China Guodian Corp.
HTMC
China Guodian Corp.
HTMC
(Nanttabet)
200
1,106
Totals
41,276
218,535
Taninthayi
Keng
Tong
(Kyaingtong) Wan
Ta
Pin
Mong
Wa
(Maingwa) Keng
Yang
Nam
Nam
AWC
Kha
Tamhpak
႕
135
Abbreviations: CTGC - China Three Gorges Corp. CPI - China Power Investment Corp DUHD - Datang (Yunnan) United Hydropower Developing Co., Ltd. YNPG - Yunnan Power Grid Corp ITD - Italian-Thai Development Co., Ltd. Thai CDOI - China Datang Overseas Investment Co., Ltd. YPIC - Yunnan Power International Energy Corp. EGAT - EGAT International Co., Ltd. (Thai) AWC - Asia World Co., Ltd. IGOEC - International Group of Entrepreneurs Co., Ltd. STH - Shwe Taung Hydropower Co., Ltd. HLRHC - Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Co., Ltd. HHGL - Hanergy Holding Group Ltd. HTMC - Htun Thwin Mining Co., Ltd.
႕
136
၇၇
႕ 82
:
(MoU) ႕
႕
႑
႔
MoU
႔
၂
၈
(
၃ )
MoU
(MoA)
၈ ႕
႑
MoA ႕
႑
႕
႔
MoA
(MIC) (EIA &
ESIA)
႔ ႔
(JVA) ႕
႕
႑
႔
JVA
JVA
႔ ႕
႔ ႔
႔
႔
( ) (၂
႕
႕
(၃)
႔ ၃
၆
႕
၂ ႕ 83
82
႕
Hydro projects with a capacity of less than 30MW are the responsibility of the State governments. The development procedures are the same and the
Ministry of Power will provide assistance to the State as required. 83
e.g. the CPI JVC has seven hydro projects
႕
137
႔
30)
႑
China EXIM ႕
႕
႕
႕
138
႕
၇၈ ႔
-
(
%
Commercial Tax (
(
)
( ၂၅
၅%
) ၅
) )
-
-
၅% ၃.၅%
႔ ၇
84
႔
႔
( )
႔ ႔ ႔
႔ ၃၅
၃
၅
႔
85
႔
84
Equation for tariff or charges per unit of energy consumed or produced
85
The International Energy Agency assumes a figure of 2.2% of capital cost for the O&M cost of large hydropower projects.
႕
139
၇ ၂ ႑ ႔
႑
႕
႔ ႔ ႑ ၂
-
႔
(၅)
႔
႔
႕
140
၈
႔
႔
႕ ႔
႕ (ESIA ႕
႕
႔
႔ ႔
႕
႔ ႔
႕
႑
႔
႕
႕ ၇
႕
႑ ႔
၈ ၂
၈
႕ ႔
၉၉ ၂
၂
႕
141
ၰ ႔ ႔ ႕ ႔ ႔ ႔ ႕
၅- ၂- ၉၉
၂၆ ၉
၂
20)
86
Legislation
Status
Key Objectives
Environmental
Promulgated
Provides
Conservation Law, 2012
the
overarching
framework
for
environmental
protection
and
conservation of natural resources in Myanmar. Specifically: To integrate environmental conservation values in the sustainable development process; to enable a healthy and clean environment, as well as cultural preservation; to reclaim disappearing ecosystems; to prevent or manage loss of natural resources; to promote public awareness; to enable international cooperation; to promote cooperation between government, international organisations, NGOs and individuals in matters of environmental conservation. (These objectives summarise Chapter II, Objectives, of the Environmental Conservation Management Law, 2012). Note that this law does not include provisions for MOECAF to conduct Strategic Environmental and Social Assessments (SESAs).
Nonetheless, MOECAF is
considering undertaking SESA and may require development partner support in this regard. Environmental and
Approved in June 2014
These are regulations for the Environmental Conservation Law.
Conservation Rules, 2013 (for the Environmental Conservation Law)
86
v w
q
y
y
“
”
“
႕
v
”
142
ESIA Environmental
Drafts have been
Provide guidance on how to operationalise the requirements outlined in the
Impact Assessment
completed and
Environmental Conservation and Foreign Investment Laws.
Procedures, 2013
stakeholders consulted. The Procedures are due to be submitted to the Minister of MOECAF at the time of writing.
Environmental Quality
Being drafted at the
To be used alongside ESIA procedures to specify the environmental thresholds
Standards
time of writing
that must be met by development projects and activities. These are proposed interim ambient air, noise and water quality standards, and industry emission standards referenced against those being applied internationally and by Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) countries.
ESIA Technical Guidelines
Foreign Investment Law,
Being drafted at the
To provide ESIA practitioners and third parties with a common framework for
time of writing
ESIA reporting.
Passed
Sets out foreign investor ESIA requirements for identification and management
2013 Foreign Investment Rules,
of negative social and environmental impacts of development. Passed
y
2013
v
’
social and environmental impact must be submitted with the proposal for investment and subjected to comment by the MOECAF.
႕ ႔ ႕
y -
v
L (၂
၂
- L
႔
႔
႔
႕
႔
႕ ႔ ႔
႕ ႔ ႔
႕
143
31)
(Thevelvetrock.com)
႔ L
v
y
5
5 y
50
႔
႕
႕
႕
၂ ႔
၂
၂
႔ (ILO, 2013) ႕
L
႕
႔
႔
႔
21)
႔
-
Legislation
Status
Key Objectives
Settlement of Wage Dispute Law, 2012
Passed and being implemented.
To
provide
guidance
management
issues
mechanisms
for
dealing and
to
dispute
with
labour-
recommend resolution.
Disagreements between employers and workers are to be settled by an ascending system of dispute
resolution
coordinating
bodies
committee,
(workplace
conciliation
body,
arbitration body, arbitration council). Only after the dispute has gone through the arbitration body may the union call a strike. Foreign Workers Law and Rules
The Ministry of Labour,
The law will cover the appointment, dismissal,
Employment and Social Welfare
suspension, entitlements of the foreign workers
is, at the time of writing drafting
working
a foreign workers law and
employer requirements regarding job site safety
႕
in
Myanmar.
It
will
also
specify
144
accompanying rules.
and occupational health.
Legislation
Status
Key Objectives
Labour Organisation Law, 2011
Passed and being implemented.
To provide a framework for Unions in Myanmar. ILO has commented that although the law provides the right of workers to organise for the first time since military rule, protection against dismissal and discrimination are still weak. There are no effective penalties against employers who fail to comply with reinstatement orders from the
arbitration
bodies
and
the
arbitration
council.
၈၂
႕ ႕ ႕ ၂
၃
႕
၂
႕ (MOECAF) ႕
႔
႔ ႔ ႔
၂
႕
၂
႕ ႕
၉
႕
၂ ႔ (ADB, 2013)
႕
145
႕
(MNPED)
၂ ႕ ၃ ႕
႕
(၃၉)
႕
႕
(MIC) ႑ ႔ ၂
၃
႑
႑
႔
႔ ႑ ႔
႔ ၂
႔
႔
႑
႕
႔
87
၈၃ ႕ ႑
87
႔
Our team did not meet with the Ministry of Labour, therefore this report contains no substantive information on the SIA framework under that
ministry.
႕
146
႔
႕
႔
႕
႔ ႔
႔
32) လက ႕
၉၉
(EarthFirstNews.org)
႕
႔ ၂ ႔
႔
႔ ႕ ႕
႔ ႔
႔ ႔
႕
147
22)
88
Issue
Description of Problem
Relevant Regulatory Framework (formal or informal)
Compensation for Negative
A lawsuit brought by local villagers
Even in the absence of approved environmental
Impacts
in the Tanintharyi Region seeks
assessment rules, the Department of Mines and
The community is seeking
judicial
Mining Enterprise 2 are required to follow the
compensation for years of
complaints concerning a tin mine.
resolution
to
their
existing environmental requirements in the Mining
damages to houses and farmlands
Law, The Environmental Conservation Law, 2012
allegedly caused by wastewater
also
from a large tin mine.
management plans that should mitigate negative
specifies
requirements
for
environmental
environmental impacts of mining activity.
Conflicts over Minerals
Fighting between the Shan State
Territories between the two ethnic rebel groups have
Two EAGs are fighting for the
Army South and the United Wa
been delineated via mutual agreement, and rules are
control
State Army was reportedly taking
in place that prohibits incursions into the other's area
place as recently as April 2014 with
of control. Both EAGs provide security for affiliated
the fighting brought on by a dispute
gold mining enterprises in Shan State. See the case
over Wa gold mining activities in
study on Shan state towards the end of Chapter Four
southern Shan State.
above for more on mining in the area.
Labour Disputes
The most recent dispute involved
The new Settlement of Wage Dispute Law should be
Protests have been taking place at
224 local trainees from 26 villages
implemented in these types of disputes, as well as
a major copper mine in central
in the area staging a protest along
the Organisation of Labour Law, (the former
Myanmar over labour issues. The
the main road leading up to the
specifying conditions to be followed before strike
of
gold
in
Eastern
Myanmar.
recent protests (April/May 2014)
y’
orkers
action
is
considered
to
be
legal).
However,
follow many others taking place
are protesting for higher wages and
significant discrepancies in these legal frameworks
over
better
have been noted by the ILO.
the
regarding
past various
12
months
social
working
conditions.
and
Allegations of extremely poor wages
environmental problems related to
and lack of proper safety equipment
the mine.
have been raised. Many of the trainees are the sons and daughters of
parents
whose
land
was
confiscated to develop the mine. Destruction of Sacred Sites
Rumour
planned
The ESIA for one of the major copper mines is the
Local residents fear destruction of
destruction of the religious buildings
first of its kind of a large scale mining project in
a pagoda on a mine site where
has fuelled local protests.
Myanmar. It has been the subject of much
significant
88
development
is
regarding
the
discussion and scrutiny and is still in draft form (and
It should be noted that the examples here have been reported in the media or in studies undertaken by CSO groups. It was beyond the scope of this
study to investigate all sides of the issues to determine their veracity. www.minesandcommunities.org provided the source of much of the material unless otherwise stated.
႕
148
occurring for copper mining. The
is currently being reviewed by the ESIA Review
structure
Committee,
was
recently
deconsecrated (March 2014).
as
noted
above).
Community
consultations were scheduled to be completed in a six-week period from the beginning of March 2014. It is expected that issues related to the preservation of sacred sites will be raised during this process and incorporated into the environmental and social management plan.
Abuse of Workers Labour
According
conditions
environmental
and
management
to
Development
the
Kachin
Networking
Group,
jade miners are working in unsafe
practices are acknowledged by
conditions,
many CSOs and media outlets to
managers, and are exposed to
be extremely poor in the jade
numerous
mining sites in Kachin State.
“ operate
facing
abusive
additional openly
risks.
alongside
some
large jade mines. The
common
use
of
needles
contributes to the high rates of HIV in the township of Hpakant in Kachin state. There are estimates that up to 40% of heroin-using jade miners are infected with HIV.
Issue
Description of Problem
Relevant Regulatory Framework (formal or informal)
Waste Water Damage
It appears as though the farmland
The local township has stated that 13 mining firms
The villages of Chaung, Hmawbi
and houses of many families in the
received 1-year licences to mine an area of around
and Gyan Kap located in the
villages have been affected by poor
100 acres.
Ayeyarwaddy Valley are reported
discharge of waste water. Sludge is
to have been affected for many
created by high pressure jets used
years
to expose pebbles beneath the
from
environmental
the
significant
impacts
of
the
nearby firms that are mining for pebbles,
considered
to
sand, creating a constant stream of muddy water that causes flooding.
be
valuable construction materials. Relocation of Communities v
y
’
second largest iron ore deposit in Shan
State
additional communities
could
result
relocation
The Pa-O Youth Organisation has
An ESIA was completed but has not published. The
noted (Robbing the Future, 2009)
Ministry of Industry now owns/manages the mine.
“
v
in
2004, and work includes the
of
conversion of around 11,000 acres of surrounding land for construction
႕
149
of a cement factory and iron (NOTE: it has been alleged that
processing plant. The steel factory
those already relocated have not
is still under construction and due to
received adequate compensation
0 5”
for destroyed farmland although this
has
not
been
verified).
The Pa-O Youth Organisation has also reported that more than 25 v
’
000
mainly ethnic Pa-O people could be destroyed by the mining project and that a number of people have already been forced to move and have not received adequate compensation.
14)
႕
(wtaq.com)
႕
႕ ႕ ၂
၂ ESIA
႕
႕
150
23) Issue
႕
႑ ႕
Description
Relevant Regulatory Framework
Shwe Oil and Gas Pipeline The controversial Shwe Gas Pipeline, a joint venture between the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and MOGE as well as three other foreign firms: Daewoo International Ltd. (51 percent stake) in consortium with the Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS), ONGC Videsh Ltd. of India, and GAIL Ltd. of India.
y ’ cutting
through
Y
many
’ v
ethnic
An ESIA was completed by the project but has not been released
minority
for public information. Therefore, it
territories including those in Shan and Kachin
is unclear as to the social and
States where conflicts are still ongoing.
environmental impacts identified. It
Human rights groups have protested the
is also not clear whether an ESMP
project, claiming that there have been
was ever drafted to deal with risks
farmland seizures without compensation or
identified
unfair compensation; forced labour; unfair
concerned CSOs have called for the
working conditions, threats and intimidation
v
in
the
ESIA.
Many
“
against locals; increased militarisation of
”
The oil transport pipeline is constructed
territories and other forms of human rights
ESIAs, particularly in the case of the
parallel to the gas pipeline and will
abuses. The pipeline may be responsible for
Shwe Pipeline, a project that has
enable oil to be imported to China from
increased fighting in Northern Shan state
far-reaching ramifications for large
the Middle East and Africa. The 2,380 km
between rebels and the State Army.
groups of people living along its pathway.
crude oil pipeline will run from Maday Island in the Bay of Bengal off the coast of Arakan to Kunming, China. It is estimated to cost US$ 1.5 billion and although already operating, once a full operational capacity transport 12 billion cubic meters of crude oil per year to China. Maday Island Port CNPC is heading up the Maday Island deep-sea port construction project. The construction of the facility has been the subject of CSO scrutiny and protests.
The construction has already taken its toll on y
’
It is assumed that the ESIA for the entire pipeline project would have
environment and about 2,400 residents living
included the identification of social
in six villages. Locals have complained that
and environmental impacts of the
farmlands are being confiscated on Maday
construction of the deep sea port.
Island in order to build the port and refinery
However, as noted, this has been
and in Kyaukpru, for construction of an
difficult to determine due to the
international airport, hotels, golf courses and
secrecy
hospitals. In addition, about 500 acres of
process.
farmland
near
Kyaukpru
were
Gangawtaw
Pagoda
confiscated
for
surrounding
the
ESIA
in the
construction of a gas refinery. Some
CSO
groups
contend
“ v
mountains on Maday Island have already been demolished and many plots of garden
႕
151
land have already been confiscated and ”89
They
further
allege
that
operations for seaport construction in late October 2009 around Maday island killed hundreds of fish and destroyed important local fishing grounds where local people have been fishing for centuries.90
89
http://www.burmanet.org/news/2011/03/01/irrawaddy-maday-island-deep-sea-port-no-boon-to-locals-%E2%80%93-khin-oo-thar/
90
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2014/09/140905-myanmar-china-burma-drilling-oil-energy-asia-petroleum/
႕
152
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႕
႕
153
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႕
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႕
႕
႕ ႕ ႑ ႕
႕ ႕
႕ ႕ ႑
႑ ႕
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) IFRS ၉- ၃
႕ ႑
႕
႕ ႕
႑
“
႕
႕ ”
႕
154
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႕
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- ၅ ႕
႕
၂ ႑
႕ ၂
႕
႕
႕
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႕
႑
႕
႕
႕
႕
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႕
႕
႕ ႑ ႑
MEITI MSG
႕
႕
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155
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႕
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႕
157
34) MEITI
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Irawwaddy, The. Maday Deep-Sea Port No Boon to Locals, March, 2011 Kachin Development Networking Group. 2007. Gold Mining and
’
w
V
y
Mines and Communities: Various Articles Relating to Community Issues in Myanmar regarding Negative Impacts of Mining. www.minesandcommunities.org Mines Law, 1994. Republic of the Union of Myanmar Myanmar Times, The. Failing Land Policy in Burma, November 2012 Pa-O Youth Movement. 2009. Robbing the Future. PRI, Radio. 2013. Labour Laws Strengthened in Myanmar, but Workers Still Struggle, September 2013 Shwe Gas Movement. 2013. Drawing the Line – The Case Against China’
w
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UNESCO, 2013. Country Programming Document for Myanmar, 2013-2015, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, Bangkok UNESCO office. World Bank Group, 2012. Human Development Indicators for Myanmar. data.worldbank.org/country/myanmar
႕
167
၂ No.
Organization
Region/State
Township
Mineral Type
1
Myanmar Porcelain & Earthenware Enterprise
Ayeyarwady
Kyankin
Limestone (industrial raw)
2
Myanmar Porcelain & Earthenware Enterprise
Ayeyarwady
Kyankin
Limestone (industrial raw)
3
Myanmar Porcelain & Earthenware Enterprise
Ayeyarwady
Ngapudaw
Glass Sand
4
Ayarwaddy Myit Phyar Co. Ltd
Kachin
Moe Mauk
5
Htoo International Industry Group Co., Ltd.
Kachin
Wai Maw
Iron Ore
6
San Linn International Export, Import Co.Ltd
Kachin
Wai Maw
Limestone (Industry)
7
Kayah State Mining Co. Ltd
Kayah
Hpasaung
Tin + tungsten
8
Mayflower Mining Enterprise Ltd.
Kayin
Myawadi
Zinc
9
Myanmar Economic Cooperation
Kayin
Hpa-an
Limestone(Industrial Raw Material)
10
No.(1) Cement Factory (Myaing Kalay)
Kayin
Hpa-an
Iron Ore
11
No.(1) Cement Factory (Myaing Kalay)
Kayin
Hpa-an
Clay
12
No.(1) Cement Factory (Myaing Kalay)
Kayin
Hpa-an
Clay
13
Tha Byu Mining Co. Ltd
Kayin
Kya-In-Seik-Kyi
Antimony
14
Silver Lion Mining Co. Ltd.
Kayin
Hpa-an
Granite
15
United Cement Co. Ltd
Kayin
Hpa-an
Limestone(Industrial Raw Material)
16
Mayflower Mining Enterprise Ltd.
Kayin
Kya-In-Seik-Kyi
Coal
17
Mayflower Mining Enterprise Ltd.
Kayin
Kya-In-Seik-Kyi
Coal
18
Mayflower Mining Enterprise Ltd.
Kayin
Kya-In-Seik-Kyi
Coal
19
Myanmar Porcelain & Earthenware Enterprise
Magway
Thayat
Limestone(Industrial raw)
20
No (3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Mattaya
Marble
21
No (3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Myitthar
Marble
22
No (3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Marble
23
Myanmar Golden Point Family Co. Ltd.
Mandalay
Patheingyi
Gold
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168
No.
Organization
Region/State
Township
Mineral Type
24
Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd.
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Limestone
25
No(3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Limestone
26
No(3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Myitthar
Seldspar
27
Myanmar Economic Cooperation
Mandalay
Mattaya
Marble
28
U Taw Taw and Sons Co. Ltd
Mandalay
Mattaya
Marble
29
No(3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Pyin Oo Lwin
Bauxite
30
No(3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Thazi
Seldspar
31
No(3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Iron Ore
32
No(3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Thazi
Seldspar
33
Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd.
Mandalay
Sint Gaing
Granite
34
UE Export and Import Co.Ltd.
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Limstone
35
Max Myanmar
Mandalay
Lewe
Limestone
36
Htoo International Industry Group Co., Ltd.
Mandalay
Thazi
Limestone
37
Myanmar Naing Group Co. Ltd.
Mandalay
Thazi
Limestone
38
Madalay Cement Industries Co. Ltd.
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Limestone
39
Shwe Taung Mining Com.Ltd
Mandalay
Thazi
Limestone
40
Myanmar Naing Group Co. Ltd.
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Limestone
41
Triple A Cement International Co. Ltd.
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Limestone
42
Green Asia LTD
Mandalay
Thazi
Limestone
43
Tet Lu Investment Group Industry Company
Mandalay
Sint Gaing
Limestone
44
Tet Lu Investment Group Industry Company
Mandalay
Thazi
Limestone
45
Tet Lu Investment Group Industry Company
Mandalay
Thazi
Limestone
46
Tet Lu Investment Group Industry Company
Mandalay
Thazi
Limestone
47
Tet Lu Investment Group Industry Company
Mandalay
Thazi
Limestone
48
Tet Lu Investment Group Industry Company
Mandalay
Thazi
Limestone
49
Directorate of Defence Industries
Mandalay
Pyin Oo Lwin
Iron Ore
50
Directorate of Defence Industries
Mandalay
Patheingyi
Limestone
51
No(3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Glass Sand ႕
169
No.
Organization
Region/State
Township
Mineral Type
52
No(3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Limestone
53
NayPyitaw City Development Committee
Mandalay
Lewe
Limestone
54
Good Brothers Missionary Company
Mandalay
Pyin Oo Lwin
Limestone
55
Triple A Cement International Co. Ltd.
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Limestone
Mandalay
Pyin Oo Lwin
Barytes
Mandalay
Pyin Oo Lwin
Barytes
Edin Energy and Natural Resources Development 56
Co. Edin Energy and Natural Resources Development
57
Co. Edin Energy and Natural Resources Development
58
Co.
Mandalay
Pyin Oo Lwin
Barytes
59
Myanmar National Prosperity Public Co. Ltd
Mandalay
Yamethin
Gold
60
Shwe Moe Yan Co. Ltd
Mandalay
Yamethin
Gold
61
No(1) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Mandalay
Thazi
Limestone
62
Mandalay Cement Industries Co. Ltd.
Mandalay
Kyaukse
Limestone
63
Shwe Pauk Pauk Mining Co. Ltd.
Mandalay
Thazi
Coal
64
Shwe Pauk Pauk Mining Co. Ltd.
Mandalay
Thazi
Coal
65
Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd.
Mon
Bee Linn
Granite (Decoration)
66
Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd.
Mon
Bee Linn
Granite (Decoration)
67
Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd.
Mon
Kyaikhto
Granite (Decoration) Limestone
(Industrial
Raw
68
Myanma Swan Pakar Industrial Company
Mon
Kyaik Mayaw
Material)
69
Zon Industrial and Production Ltd (?)
Mon
Kyaik Mayaw
Limstone (Industrial Raw Material) Limestone
70
Pacific Link Cement Industry Ltd.
Mon
Kyaik Mayaw
(Industrial
Raw
(Industrial
Raw
Material) Limestone
71
Farmer Pho Yarzar Mining Co. Ltd.
Mon
Kyaik Mayaw
Material)
72
Max Myanmar Co. Ltd.
Naypyidaw
Lewe
Limestone(Industry)
73
Naypyidaw Development Committee
Naypyidaw
Lewe
Limestone(Industry) ႕
170
No.
Organization
Region/State
Township
Mineral Type
74
SumcoSong Da Joint Stock Company
Rakhine
Taung Koke
Marble
75
Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd.
Sagaing
Sar Lin Gyi
Copper
76
Htoo International Industry Group Co., Ltd.
Sagaing
Kalaywa
Coal
77
Tun Twin Mining Co. Ltd.
Sagaing
Kalaywa
Coal
78
Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd.
Sagaing
Kalaywa
Coal
79
Asia World Industries and Mining Co. Ltd
Sagaing
Maw lite
Coal
80
Yangon City Development Committee
Sagaing
Maw Lite
Coal
81
Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd.
Sagaing
Sar Lin Gyi
Copper Mineral
82
Myanmar CNMC Nickel Co,LTD
Mandalay/Sagaing
Thabeikkyin/Htee Chike
Nickel
83
Dagon Mining Co. Ltd
Sagaing
Maw Lite
Coal
84
Shwe Taung Mining Co. Ltd.
Sagaing
Kalaywa
Coal
85
Lay Oo Group Mining Co. Ltd.
Sagaing
Maw lite
Coal
86
Max Myanmar Co. Ltd.
Sagaing
Kalaywa
Coal
87
Htoo International Industry Group Co., Ltd.
Sagaing
Kalaywa
Coal
88
Tet Lu Investment Group Industry Company
Sagaing
Maw Lite
Coal
89
Asia World Industries and Mining Co. Ltd
Sagaing
Maw Lite
Coal
90
Mandalay Distribution and Mining Co. Ltd
Sagaing
Maw lite
Coal
91
Asia Phyo Mining Co. Ltd
Sagaing
Kanbalu
Limestone
92
Htarwara Mining Company
Sagaing
Kawlin
Gold
93
Myanmar Economic Cooperation
Shan (East)
Mongsat
Coal
94
Triple A Cement International Company Ltd
Shan (North)
Thi Paw
Coal
95
Myanmar Economic Corporation
Shan (North)
Lashio
Gypsum
96
UE Export Import Company Ltd
Shan (North)
Thi Paw
Coal
97
Win Myint Mo Industry Company Ltd
Shan (North)
Namatu and Lashio
Lead-Zinc Mixed Mineral
98
Linn Pyae Mining Company Ltd
Shan (North)
Naung Cho
Lead-Zinc Mixed Mineral
99
Ngwe Yi Pa Le' Mining Company
Shan (North)
Thi Paw
Coal
100
Asein Yaung Byuu Har Mining Company
Shan (North)
Namn Kham/Kut Khaing
Quartz
101
Tet Lu Investment Group Industry Company
Shan (North)
Naung Cho
Iron Rich Bauxite ႕
171
No.
Organization
Region/State
Township
Mineral Type
102
Mine Htet Company
Shan (North)
Tant Yan
Coal
103
Mine Htet Company
Shan (North)
Lashio
Coal
104
Padamya Ooyin Mining Company
Shan (North)
Lashio
Coal
105
Ngwe Yi Pa Le' Mining Company
Shan (North)
Kyauk Mae
Iron Rich Bauxite
106
Ngwe Yi Pa Le' Mining Company
Shan (North)
Naung Cho
Limestone (Industry)
107
Ngwe Yi Pa Le' Mining Company
Shan (North)
Tant Yan
Coal
108
Ngwe Yi Pa Le' Mining Company
Shan (North)
Thi Paw
Gypsum
109
Ngwe Yi Pa Le' Mining Company
Shan (North)
Lashio
Coal
110
Defense Industry
Shan (North)
Lashio
Coal
111
First Resource Co. Ltd
Shan (North)
Thi Paw
Gypsum
112
Htun Khwe Paw Industrial Company
Shan (North)
Kyauk Mae
Coal
113
Dragon Cement Co., Ltd.
Shan (South)
Panglong
Industrial Limestone
114
Cornerstone Resources (Myanmar) Ltd.
Shan (South)
Mine Pon
zinc
115
Shan Yoma Nagar Co., Ltd.
Shan (South)
Panglong
Coal
116
No (3) Heavy Industries Enterprise
Shan (South)
117
Lay Oo Group Mining Co. Ltd.
Shan (South)
Ywangan
Coal
118
Top Ten Star Production Co. Ltd.
Shan (South)
Kalaw
Lead Enriching
119
Ngwe Yi Pa Le' Mining Company
Shan (South)
Yat Sauk
Coal
120
KBZ Industries Ltd.
Shan (South)
Taunggyi
Industrial Limestone
121
San Pya Industry Co., Ltd.
Shan (South)
Ywangan
Barytes
122
Asia World Co. Ltd
Shan (South)
Kalaw
Gold
123
GPS Joint Venture
Shan (South)
Kalaw
Lead mixture
124
Dragon Cement Co., Ltd
Shan (South)
Nam Sam
Coal
125
Myanmar Economic Corporation
Tanintharyi
Tanintharyi
Coal
126
Myanmar Pongpipat Company
Tanintharyi
Dawei
Tin + Tungsten
127
Myanma Tin - Tungsten Company
Tanintharyi
Tanyintharyi
Tin + Tungsten
128
Ngwe Kabar Myanmar Company Ltd
Tanintharyi
Pa Law
Tin + Tungsten
Mauk Mai
Gypsum
႕
172
No.
Organization
Region/State
Township
Mineral Type
129
ANA
Tanintharyi
Ye Phyu
Tin + Tungsten
130
Myanmar Porceline & Earthenware Enterprise
Tanintharyi
Bote Pyin
Maganese
131
Ngwe Tun Taut Company
Tanintharyi
Dawei
Tin + Tungsten
132
Production Development Creating Limited (?)
Tanintharyi
Ye Phyu
Tin + Tungsten
133
Mayflower Mining Enterprise Ltd.
Tanintharyi
Dawei
Coal
134
Mayflower Mining Enterprise Ltd.
Tanintharyi
Dawei
Coal
135
Mayflower Mining Enterprise Ltd.
Tanintharyi
Dawei
Coal
136
Than Phyo Thu Mining Co. Ltd
Tanintharyi
Bokpyin
Coal
137
Mayflower Mining Enterprise Ltd.
Tanintharyi
Dawei
Coal
138
Mayflower Mining Enterprise Ltd.
Tanintharyi
Hta Wei
Coal
139
Mayflower Mining Enterprise Ltd.
Tanintharyi
Dawei
Coal
140
Sein Nga Man Mining Company Ltd.
Tanintharyi
Tanyintharyi
Tin + Tungsten
141
Ngwe Kabar Myanmar Company Ltd
Tanintharyi
Kyun Su
Tin + Tungsten
142
24 Hour Mining Co. Ltd.
Tanintharyi
Tanyintharyi
Limestone
႕
173
၃ Terms of Reference Institutional and regulatory assessment of the extractive industries in Myanmar January, 2014 Analytical Context Studies have shown that when governance is good natural resources can be an important engine for growth and sustainable development. On the other hand, when governance is poor, countries dependent on these resources are disproportionately susceptible to poverty, corruption and conflict. For countries with extractive industries, a central developmental challenge is how to turn the resource curse into a resource blessing. Broad agreement exists on the appropriate macroeconomic and technical policies and institutional mechanisms to put in place to manage the resource paradox successfully. But it is also recognized that the key determinants of success for countries rich in extractive industries are the overall governance framework and the political economy of rent extraction and natural resource management. The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is a global reporting standard which promotes greater transparency and accountability in extractive industries through reporting of government revenue collection, analysis of industry structures and facilitation of stakeholder consultation. Thirty-nine countries are members of EITI, of these 23 are fully compliant while 16 are candidate countries. Initiated in 2001, EITI has grown in reach and importance as a measure for improving extractive industries governance and helping countries manage the resource paradox. Several developed economies, including Australia, Germany, and the US are piloting or working toward EITI candidacy. In 2013 the reporting requirements were expanded. y
’
In less than two years, Myanmar has undergone unprecedented political and economic reforms. Elections were held in December 2010 and a mostly civilian government took office in March 2011. The new Government has embarked on a range of political and economic reforms aimed at attaining national reconciliation, improving political and economic governance, re-integration of Myanmar with the global economy, and economic development. Key reforms include agreements with non-state armed opposition groups, release of political prisoners, free by-elections, the first ever open parliamentary discussions of the budget, near elimination of the previously very stringent controls on ႕
174
media and public expression, and a general push for enhanced transparency and accountability of government. These changes are dramatic but there is much to be done. Myanmar has suffered from decades of authoritarian military rule, the longest running civil wars in the world, entrenched rural poverty, and mistrustful state – society relations. The country has among the worst social indicators in Asia, GDP per capita is between $800 and $1,000, and perceptions of corruption surveys rank the country as the second most corrupt in the world. The reform is still fragile and has yet to translate into improved well-being for citizens, amid high expectations. Improved economic governance will play an essential role in securing the success of the reform process, credibility for the government, and translating reform into socio-economic gains for the j
y
y
’
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including oil, gas, mining, and gemstones. Currently these sectors officially account for an estimated 35% of total exports, most of which attributed to gas. With the commencement of new gas operations during 2013, the contribution from extractives to total export is expected to exceed 50%. This does not account for large, unreported earnings from the gem trade. Current off-shore gas production is estimated at 1,200 million cubic feet (MCF) per day, of which 900 MCF is exported. Central Statistical Office reported total sales figures in an amount of US$ 3.5 billion in 2011-12. 2013 is expected to see new gas fields coming into production at a rate of 800 MCF per day. The bulk of earnings come from the Yadana and Yetagun off-shore gas fields which export gas directly to Thailand. A newly constructed gas and crude oil pipeline from near Sittwe to Yunnan was inaugurated in July, 2013, to export gas from the Shwe fields. All operations are guided by standard Production Sharing Contracts in which government revenue is to be collected from (a) sign-on bonus, (b) royalty, (c) production split, and (d) taxes. These contracts are managed by Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprises, a state owned company. Gemstone sales are considered to be the second-most important revenue stream for government although exact figures are not available. Presently, mining activities are conducted in a limited scale with reported export figures in 2011-12 of some US$ 70 million. Notwithstanding, the number of operators is large with an estimated 2,500 gemstone licenses plus an additional 1,500 active mining licenses. At the same time, investor interest indicates that a strong surge in activity can be expected over the coming years.
႕
175
Although an important source of government revenue, impacts from the extractive sector on the local economy are less notable since employment creation in the industry is limited and supply of oil and gas for the domestic market does not meet the actual and potential demand (e.g. national electrification rate is less than 25%). Further, oil, gas, and mining have been frequently subject of allegations of lack of transparency and accountability, due to the lack of publicly available information about contracting arrangements, payments made by companies, volumes of revenues received, and destination of revenues and extent to which revenues are included in budget. In addition, joint venture companies owned by the Myanmar military have participating interests, y
y
y
y
y
’ w
es are concentrated in
’
v w
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fuelled generations of conflict. Government Commitment In December 2012, the Myanmar Government announced its intention to implement the EITI. This constitutes a welcome step in improving governance in Myanmar. Not only will compliance with EITI provide an unprecedented level of transparency with regard to revenues, it will provide a platform for discussion of larger policy goals with regard to accountable development of mineral and hydrocarbon resources and the use of the revenues earned from their extraction. As investment increases and mineral and hydrocarbon exploitation rises, it is of great importance that the extractive industries in Myanmar are subject to an accounting process which transparently records the licensing procedures and reports the flow of funds from companies to central or local authorities. Such a system would v
y
’
v
collection, support the national dialogue
on development of natural resources, and enhance the credibility of the reform process. Since the public announcement, there has been substantial progress toward EITI candidacy, and the President and leading Cabinet ministers continue to make strong statements of support the EITI. A cabinet-level Leading Authority has been established to oversee the implementation of the EITI, ’ L
y
ead ’
y
Finance and Revenue, (iii) the Ministry of Energy, (iv) the Ministry of Mines, and (v) the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry. The Center for Economic and Social Development under Myanmar Development Resources Institute (MDRI-CESD) was asked by the President to take on the role as Coordinator to implement all the necessary tasks required to form the MSG and accomplish other
EITI-related
objectives.
MDRI-CESD
has
established
a
Myanmar
EITI
office
and
appointed/recruited an EITI team. Capacity and knowledge of EITI within the MDRI team has ႕
176
deepened significantly. MDRI has undertaken a continuous stream of meetings, formal and informal, with Government, civil society, and operators in order to build awareness, maintain support, and complete the steps necessary for Myanmar to become a candidate. In addition civil society, with support from Pyoe Bin and Revenue Watch Institute, has undertaken a wide range of outreach and w
v
v
y
’
y
v
media. It is anticipated that the MSG will hold its first meeting in early January2014. Civil society has created a representative national structure for the purposes of selecting MSG representatives. In July 2013 Government appointed a Working Committee of high level officials to progress EITI candidacy and it is anticipated that this will form the basis of Government representation on the MSG. The Working w
y
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Deputy Minister of Finance, Dr. U Maung Maung Thein is chair of the Working Committee. Operators have selected their representatives to the MSG. Work has started on a TOR for the MSG. It is anticipated that Myanmar will prepare its candidacy application to target the March or June 2014 EITI Board meeting, and that the October Board meeting will be held in Myanmar. The World Bank, together with DfID, is the lead source of international support to EITI in Myanmar, providing advice on task planning, sequencing, and technical matters to MDRI, as well as coordinating overall donor support to EITI through informal monthly donor meetings. With funding from DfID, the World Bank is also recruiting high-level technical expertise to carry out a series of studies, including Scoping Study, Legal Review, and technical training. Purpose of the Assignment It is proposed to conduct an institutional and regulatory analysis of the extractive industries in Myanmar including hydrocarbon, mining, gemstone and hydropower. The outcome of the study is expected to be an improved understanding of the political economy context and the value chain of moving mineral deposits to the market, including the various drivers that stand to influence EITI implementation and extractive sector governance in general. The analysis will be designed and conducted jointly with MDRI and draw on a recent political economy analysis conducted by the Pyoe Bin, a civil society strengthening project funded by DfID. The output will be a report. 1. Scope of work The consultant will undertake a political economy analysis, focused particularly on institutional and regulatory
v
y ႕
“
v 177
V
” y
y y
w
v
“
-
”
y
full scoping study once the MSG has been established and taken decisions on the scope of EITI in Myanmar, based on the Options Study. The EI value chain is focusing on: 1. Transparent, non-discretionary award of extractive contracts, including assessment of land issues related to extractive contracts; 2. Good practices in legal, contractual, regulatory, and institutional frameworks, including continuous capacity building for monitoring and regulatory compliance; 3. Sound and fair fiscal practices for the collection of taxes and royalties, including adequate administrative and audit capacity, internationally accepted accounting and reporting standards, and regular public reporting; 4. Fair and transparent allocation of revenue, including a macro/fiscal framework adapted to volatile and finite resources and a transparent savings mechanism;
5. Sustainable policies to safeguard the environment and maintain social priorities in the development of mineral resources to ensure they were used for the public good.
. The study will focus on institutional structures, revenue flows and reporting, award of licenses, monitoring of operations, redress and grievance mechanisms, domestic operators and ownership structures, informal as well as formal trade in gems and minerals, regulatory structures among nonstate armed groups, and interactions of operators, government, and civil society. The study will encompass hydrocarbons, minerals, gems, and hydropower as the areas proposed for EITI in Myanmar, and will look at the oper
y
’
w
y
L
MEC together with other domestic operators. For each area the consultant will provide an institutional and a stakeholder analysis as well as identifying the entry points and the existing reform space for an effective and fair revenue management of the sector. The consultant will work under the guidance of the World Bank task team and the MDRI EITI team. ႕
178
The consultant(s) specifically will examine:
Baseline description
of hydrocarbons, minerals, gems, and hydro-power sectors, with
reference to approximate number of operators/license holders and planned operations. This will also document what the ownership structures are for operations in different sectors.
Institutional analysis for each of the three industries – this include the formal regulatory, v
w
v
;
‘
’
w
regulations, institutional mandates) and informal (social norms, de facto practices), that shape the behaviour, interactions, incentive and power of the stakeholders in the sector. The analyses must consider award (and suspension) of licenses, negotiation and approval of contracts, monitoring and oversight of operations, tax administration, and community/ public relations.
The institutional analysis will document the decision-making, both official and de facto, for each sub-sector and regulatory functions. What are the official procedures? Are they clear and known from the different stakeholders? Is there a clear chain of responsibility between the different public institutions? Who benefits from discretionary powers? How has sector governance changed since the start of the reform process in 2011? In this regard the assessment will also document ownership structures of both private sector operators and related SEEs, such as Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprises and the SEEs under the Ministry of Mines. The assessment should also look institutional capacities and gap analysis in light of an expected rapid increase in investor interest and sector operations.
Revenue flow – how do payments of taxes, fees, royalties, and production shares move from operators to the Ministry of Finance/Treasury. This will include a review of contract arrangements, identify major points of leakage or underpayment and who benefits from these, and identify which payments stay within relevant ministries, authorized under which legal frameworks.
Provide an overview of MEC and UMEHL . These are military-owned holding companies, but treated as private enterprises by Government. This overview will include the scope of their investments in the extractive sectors, decision-making, governance structures, use of revenues (i.e. military pension funds), and accountabilities. Analysis will also include assessment of links formal and informal between companies, Ministry of Defense, and key decision-makers . Analysis of role of Ministry of Finance. Parliament, and the Office of the Auditor General and the Accountant General, with respect to the audit function. The study will look at existing capacities for tax administration and revenue collection. Moreover, the Consultant must assess ႕
179
the performance of audit, by whom, how frequently, and how used. The study will also examine the role of Parliamentary committees in providing oversight for extractive sectors and also interaction of voters, members of Parliament and state politicians vis-à-vis extractive sector, including the increasing demand for constituency services.
Analysis will encompass the findings of the recent political economy study conducted by Pyoe Bin and discuss how the interests, views, and pressures brought to the EITI process by civil society will interact with those of other stakeholders. Review governance and regulatory arrangements at sub-national level and in the conflict affected areas. This will also include examining institutional, legal, and constitutional issues which may affect EITI and extractive industries at the sub-national level. It will further include how non-state armed groups have licensed, taxed, or overseen extractive industries, largely but not exclusively mining. At a minimum this should look at how two groups, preferably including the Kachin Independence Organization h interact with the extractive operations. This portion of the study should be well-coordinated with the conflict analysis conducted by MDRI in conjunction with International Alert.
Based on the above, the consultants will provide an analysis of implications for EITI and selected entry points for improved governance in the extractive sectors. This analysis will also include a review of how EITI fits into and strengthens the overall reform agenda. The analysis will assess whether institutional structures and regulatory agencies are in possession of sufficient capacity and information to answer the needs and questions of the EITI. The analysis should also consider prevailing incentive structures (formal and informal) in order to assess whether regulation and requirements are likely to be implemented. The consultant will take into account the potential political opposition related to each entry points, and include strategies for (i) navigating stakeholder opposition and shaping political constituencies of support; (ii) addressing the challenges associated with weak institutional capacity, and (iii) enhancing the participation of non-government stakeholders. The consultant will work closely with the World Bank task team and MDRI in developing methodology and carrying out study. In addition to the analysis and study report, the consultant must conduct two one-day seminars targeted the members of the National EITI Committee (and possibly other representatives with strong engagement in the Myanmar EITI). The agenda of the seminars will be agreed in consultation with MDRI and representatives from the EITI Committee. Topics to be covered may include: 1) Natural Resource Management, 2) Fundamentals of the EITI, 3) Regional and international ႕
180
experience of implementing the EITI, 4) Case stories of outcomes from EITI implementation, 5) Good practice of EITI communication strategies. The dates of the seminars will agreed as part of the initial planning, but tentative timing would be for the first seminar to take place as part of the first country visit, whilst the second would be conducted immediately before or after the workshop presenting the final report. 1. Methodology TBD in consultant technical proposal. 2. Skills and Experience Required The assignment will be undertaken by a team of specialists which comprise the following areas of expertise and experience:
Oil and gas sector expertise
Mining sector expertise
Hydropower sector expertise
Advanced (masters) degree in political science, public policy or equivalent and not less than 8 years of proven experience in political economy analysis in natural resource-rich developing countries.
Extensive knowledge of relevant political economy literature with particular relevance to the political/institutional setting, legal, fiscal regimes, revenue management and governance in extractive resource-rich developing countries.
Proven knowledge of Myanmar, preferably with previous experience of political economy analysis
Strong knowledge and, experience, and network in extractive industries and preferably the EITI.
Ability to synthesize and organize complex information from various written and oral sources into a comprehensive, policy oriented document.
Understanding and commitment to ensure that the recommendations are operationally driven and meet the needs of EITI implementation and improved extractive industry governance in Myanmar.
Strong interpersonal and diplomatic skills, as well as proven ability to communicate orally and in writing effectively and credibly with senior government officials in developing countries.
Excellent written and spoken English are required.
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181
3. Organization of work and Bank supervision . 4. The contract will be administered directly by the World Bank, but will be carried out together with MDRI. The location
w
’
premises of MDRI-CESD in Yangon with travel to Naypyitaw, as deemed necessary. The Consultant will provide updates and report to MDRI-CESD with copies to the World Bank and DFID, which may be shared with other development partners supporting EITI in Myanmar. Deliverables and Timing
First draft to be completed by – TBD
Full-day workshop presenting draft final report by TBD
Final report is to be available by TBD
5. Payment Schedule (covering fees and expenses)
10% upon signing contract
40% upon receiving the first draft report
50% upon completion
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182
၂
၈
႕
183
၅ 91
Mineral
Occurrences/deposits
Total Reserves (P2-P4) – Millions Tonnes
91
Columbine Tantalite
5
0.0036
Coal
495
491.84
Gemstones
68
1.25
Copper
115
1997.3
Feldspar
24
0.865
Antimony
132
1.0
Chromite
43
0.08
Lead
291
44.09
Graphite
35
2.62
Tin/Tungsten
483
39.39/0.14
Gypsum
37
35.99
Zircon sand
11
31.48
Limestone
452
58818
Dolomite
41
37
Nickel
10
162.86
Fluorite
19
0.006
Phosphate rock
17
10.88
Baryte
72
1.70
Bauxite
26
274.9
Porzolan
6
651
Molybdenum
19
0.025
Manganese
52
10.9
Data from the Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration, March 2012
႕
184
Mineral
Occurrences/deposits
Total Reserves (P2-P4) – Millions Tonnes
Kaolin
67
36.97
Bentonite
22
24.1
Glass Sand
39
131.14
Gold
341
66.11 (primary) 1240.2 (alluvial)
Platinum
19
32.52
Mica
30
0.0036
Quartz
47
83.05
Iron
393
495.42
Zinc
29
19.95
Heavy Mineral
14
0.026
Decorative Stone
93
52924
႕
185
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186
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187
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188
႕
189
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190
႕
191
႕
192
႕
193
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194
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195
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92
Drawing the Line, p2.
႕
196
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197
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93
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ES
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93
Pipeline Nightmare, page 6
႕
198
႕
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၂
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-
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-
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-
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၅ ႕
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(၅) (၅) ႕
႕
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႕
199
႕
႕ ႕
႕
94
၃၅
႕ ႕ ႕ ႕
႕
႕
၂
၇
႕
႕ ႕
၂
၂
၆
႕ ၉၉
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၂
႕
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၂
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၆
၃
႕
94
Robbing the Future p15.
႕
200
95
႑
၃၅-၅ ႕
႕ ႕
၉၉
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႕
၈ ႕
႕ ႕ ႕
96
Total
95
Valley of Darkness, page 15.
96
http://www.earthrights.org/campaigns/burma-project
v
႕
႕
201
၉
႑
႕ ၂
၃
(၂ ၃ ၈၃
၃ ႕
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)
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)
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)
24)
႑
၂
၃
Installed capacity
Firm capacity
Fuel
(MW)
(MW)
Energy (GWh)
Hydropower
2,780
986
13,872
Coal
120
27
600
Gas- MOEP
715
427
3,946
Gas- BOT
216.5
215
1,457
Totals
3,831.50
1,655
19,875
႕
202
35)
(from the ADB Energy Sector Initial Assessment Report, 2012)
႕
203
႑ ၂
႕ ႕
၃ ႕
႑ ႕
၂
႕
204
႕
205