Monte dos Remedios (Moaña, Pontevedra). Un asentamiento de la prehistoria reciente

September 25, 2017 | Autor: R. Fábregas Valcarce | Categoría: Neolithic Archaeology, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Settlement archaeology, Copper age, NW Iberia
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MONTE DOS REMEDIOS (MOAÑA, PONTEVEDRA) Un asentamiento de la prehistoria reciente

R. Fábregas Valcarce, A. Bonilla Rodríguez y M. César Vila

AGRADECIMIENTOS Queremos expresar nuestro agradecimiento a los siguientes colaboradores: A M. M. López Cordeiro (industria lítica) y a los miembros del GEPN (USC) C. Rodríguez Rellán (industria lítica), A. Gómez Fernández (cerámica) y E. Rodríguez Álvarez (análisis geográfico). Agradecemos también su colaboración a la sociedad promotora de los trabajos arqueológicos, UTE MORRAZO, así como a todos los miembros del equipo de excavación del yacimiento.

© Los Autores Primera Edición 2007 Edita Tórculo Edicións, s.l. Vía Édison, 33-35. Polígono del Tambre [email protected] www.edicionstorculo.com Fotografías: José Francisco Bonilla Rodríguez Dibujos: Marta Lago Cerviño Planos: PyA Arqueólogos SL Figura 28: programa Calib v. 5.2 de M. Stuiver y P. Reimer Figura 29: Xosé Ignacio Vilaseco Vázquez Figura 32: Panel explicativo en el yacimiento arqueológico de Pueblo Grande (Arizona, EE UU) Figuras 75 y 76: Emilio Rodríguez Álvarez

Maquetación e impresión: Tórculo Artes Gráficas, S.A. ISBN: 84-8408-455-6 DL: C 3305-2007 Reservados todos los derechos. El contenido de esta publicación no puede ser reproducido, ni en todo ni en parte, ni transmitido, ni registrado por ningún sistema de recuperación de información, en ninguna forma ni por ningún medio, sin el permiso previo, por escrito, de los autores.

Un asentamiento de la prehistoria reciente

ÍNDICE

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. 07 01 Introducción .......................................................................................09 02 Descripción general del yacimiento...............................................................................13 03 Cronología absoluta.........................................................33 04 Secuencia interpretativa del yacimiento...............................................................................39 05 Cultura material .......................................................................45 Industria lítica .....................................................................45 Cerámica ...........................................................................................59 Tradiciones decorativas, grupos estilísticos y cronología ......................................................................................64

06 Síntesis ...........................................................................................................95 07 Bibliografía.......................................................................................103 Apéndice: Estudo dos carbóns do xacemento de Os Remedios.................................... 107

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Un asentamiento de la prehistoria reciente

Abstract

Monte dos Remedios (Moaña, Pontevedra): a settlement site of the NW Iberian Late Prehistory. We analyze the results of a large-scale dig carried out in a domestic site in SW Galicia that spans from the Early Neolithic to the Bronze Age. We are dealing with a settlement of fairly large extent (at least 0’4 Ha), although the whole surface was hardly, if ever, occupied simultaneously. Also, the excavation brought to light a variety of structures, related to daily life or for defensive purposes. Among the first we may single out several huts of different shapes (square, circular, oval) and sizes, built with timber posts and having sometimes a trench in its perimeter. Two rather long drain trenches are also noticeable. Apart from a number of fire places and hearths,

some round and shallow pits were found, filled with oak charcoal and carefully dressed with small stones, for which the actual use remains enigmatic. Another interesting feature we came across was the foundation of a palisade, several hundred meters long, presumably for defensive purposes (or as a sort of boundary). We have found in Os Remedios the remains of about 150 vessels, most of them relatively small (between 0’5-3 litres of capacity) and just the 29% decorated. Among the latter, the most frequent are the Penha pots, with their characteristic incised or grooved friezes. There is an important number of Beaker sherds as well, belonging to the International Maritime and Linear types, together with more local versions of those. From a later period, within the Bronze Age,

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Monte dos Remedios. were found a number of vessels, plain or with plastic decorations, some of them with a tendency towards larger sizes. Although quite rare, a number of impressed wares (namely, the so-called Boquique) could represent an Early Neolithic presence in this site. Microresidue analysis carried out on two sherds showed remains of vegetables (Brassica sp.) and animal fat, suggesting the cooking of a broth. As to the lithics, it is remarkable the near absence of ground-stone implements or arrow heads. Among the knapped artefacts the raw material consists nearly always of quartz with which mostly unretouched flakes were manufactured, although more elaborated tools, like retouched flakes, borers, denticulates or burins are also reported. Saddle querns are the most usual items within the lithic industry and are mostly made of granite. Two remarkable pieces on ground-stone ocurr in Os Remedios: these are very schematic anthropomorphic representations that are very akin to pieces retrieved from some Galician passage-graves. Judging from the stratigraphy, the material culture and the 8 C-14 dates obtained in the site, we can have a glimpse of the archaeological sequence at Os Remedios. The

earliest human presence could go back to the end of the 5th millenium BC when some burning pits and a storage pit are reported and perhaps the Boquique pots and other impressed wares belong to this and the inmediately following phase. Towards the beginning of the 4th millenium the outer palissade is erected and then ruined in a relatively short time. It is not until the end of the 4th millenium and the first half of the 3rd one when we found numerous traces of human activities, shown both at the architectural (huts, drain trenches) and the artefactual levels (namely the Penha pots). The settlement remains in use throughout the 3rd millenium and the first centuries of the 2nd one, judging from the abundant presence of Bell Beakers and other, more recent, wares. The pervasive character of the occupation in Os Remedios might be explained by an array of factors: its strategic position, close to the natural routes leading from the coast to the uplands, gave the settlers access to different resources, either marine or terrestrial, from the lowlands to the nearby hills. Direct (microresidues) or indirect evidence (storage facilities, stone querns) indicate, moreover, the existence of a farming economy along the history of this site.

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Figura 4: Vista aérea perspectiva general del yacimiento.

Monte dos Remedios.

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