La representación de la realidad. El dibujo compuesto

October 7, 2017 | Autor: G. Robles Reinaldos | Categoría: Visual perception, Cognitive Neuroscience, Visual Arts, Relational aesthetics
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        Capítulo:   Robles-­‐Reinaldos,  G.(2011).  La  representación  de  la  realidad.  El  dibujo  compuesto.  En:  Tornero,  P.,   Simó  Mulet,  T.,  Segura  Cabañero,  J.,  Robles-­‐Reinaldos,  G.,  (2011)  “IDIAA.  Investigación,  documentación,   arte  actual”.  ISBN.  978-­‐84-­‐92798-­‐46-­‐9.  Visión  Libros  .  Madrid.  Pags.  113-­‐  145.  

             

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