Inaro y Mirina. La mitología líbica en el Antiguo Egipto (Inaros and Myrina. The lybian mythology in Ancient Egyp)

Inaro y Mirina. La mitología líbica en el Antiguo Egipto

Arturo Sánchez Sanz Universidad Complutense de Madrid

FUENTES CLÁSICAS

Homero (II, 814) Estrabón (XII 21-22, XIII, 3) Dionisio de Mitilene (FHG. II, 9, 9) Diodoro (II, 45-46 y III, 53, 6)

FUENTES EGIPCIAS

Ciclo de Inaro-Petubastis

CICLO INARO-PETUBASTIS Fechado en el s. II a.C. Demótico 20 fragmentos 4 historias separadas protagonizadas por varios príncipes del s. VII a.C. - La disputa por el beneficio de Amón - La disputa por la coraza de Inaro - Inaro y el grifo - Egipcios y amazonas

Papiro Carlsberg

Ostracon c. 332 a. C. - 30 a. C.

Nuevos fragmentos

LAS AMAZONAS LÍBICAS - Inicio de un proceso expansivo en un momento indeterminado de su historia. - El ejercito amazónico estaba dirigido por la reina Mirina. - Ocupación y derrota del resto de culturas de la isla. - Fundación de nuevas ciudades. - Controlada la isla atacaron el cercano reino atlante. - Mirina y las amazonas las derrotan a las gorgonas.

- Las amazonas viajan a Oriente a través del Norte de África. - Tras recorrer Libia sin incidentes llegaron a Egipto. Lazos de amistad con su gobernante, el dios Horus. - Recorre la costa levantina de Oriente Próximo, sometiendo Siria y en Anatolia, Cilicia, Isauria y Frigia. - El rey tracio llamado Mopso, aliado con el rey escita Sípilo, lograron por fin derrotar a las amazonas líbicas, muriendo su reina en combate y regresando las supervivientes a su patria.

EL PUNT Y KUSH Localización liminal Mujeres y reinas guerreras de Kush Mujeres etíopes y relato de Memnón Antiguas tradiciones de Kenia Expediciones egipcias contra los escitas Ritón. S. V a.C. Meroe

Representación de Amanitore. Relieve en Naga. Meroe

NÁUCRATIS - Colonia griega en el Delta - Fundación: Psamético I (664-610 a.C.) - Ahmose II (570-526 a.C.)

NÁUCRATIS (8) Vase Number-206743 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-KRATER, COLUMN FRAGMENTSP Rovenance-EGYPT, NAUCRATIS Date Range-500-450 Decoration-AMAZONOMACHY, HERAKLES

Vase Number-200945 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-CUP FRAGMENT Provenance-EGYPT, NAUCRATIS Date Range-525-475 DecorationI-AMAZON ARMING

Vase Number-9010824 Fabric-EAST GREEK, CLAZOMENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-AMPHORA, NECK FRAGMENT Provenance-EGYPT, NAUCRATIS Date Range-550-500 DecorationAMAZONOMACHY (?), FALLING FIGURE (AMAZON ?), DRAPED MAN

Vase Number-16818 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-OINOCHOE FRAGMENT Provenance-EGYPT, NAUCRATIS Date Range-550-500 Decoration-AMAZONOMACHY, HERAKLES AND AMAZON (ANDROMACHE ?)

Predominio de amazonomaquias

Vase Number-30279 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-KRATER FRAGMENT Provenance-EGYPT, NAUCRATIS Date Range-575-525 DecorationAMAZONOMACHY, AMAZON WITH SHIELD

Vase Number-300751 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-LEBES FRAGMENTS Provenance-EGYPT, NAUCRATIS Date Range-575-525 Decoration-A: AMAZONOMACHY, AMAZON FALLING WITH BOEOTIAN SHIELD (NAMED, LYKOPIS) Decoration-B: WARRIOR (NAMED ?) Vase Number-12819 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-CUP LITTLE MASTER LIP FRAGMENTS Provenance-EGYPT, NAUCRATIS Date Range-575-525 DecorationI: AMAZONOMACHY, AMAZON AND WARRIOR (HERAKLES ?) Vase Number-216170 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-KRATER, COLUMN Provenance-EGYPT, NAUCRATIS Date Range-475-425 Decoration-A: AMAZONOMACHY, AMAZONS, ONE ON HORSEBACK Decoration-B: DRAPED YOUTHS AND DRAPED MAN, HALTERES SUSPENDED

EGIPTO, TELL DEFENNEH (2) Vase Number-14301 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-AMPHORA FRAGMENT Provenance-EGYPT, TELL DEFENNEH Date Range-550-500 Decoration-A: AMAZONOMACHY, AMAZON, WARRIOR

Vase Number-14359 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-AMPHORA FRAGMENT Provenance-EGYPT, TELL DEFENNEH Date Range-575-525 Decoration-A: AMAZONOMACHY (?), FALLEN AMAZON AND WARRIOR (?)

Predominio de amazonomaquias

ALEJANDRÍA (1)

Vase Number-230480 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-EGYPT, ALEXANDRIA Date Range-400-300 Attributed To-AMAZON P by BEAZLEY Decoration-A: GRYPOMACHY, ARIMASPS WITH PELTAI, GRIFFIN, ROCK Decoration-B: DRAPED YOUTHS

Predominio de grifomaquias

SUDÁN, MEROE (1)

Vase Number-209548 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-FIGURE VASE Provenance-SUDAN, MEROE Date Range-500-450 Inscriptions-Signature: SOTADES EPOIESEN Attributed To-SOTADES by SIGNATURE Decoration-FIG: AMAZON ON HORSEBACK Decoration-B: FIGHT, WARRIOR IN CHLAMYS AND PILOS, AMAZON (?) WITH PELTA AND SPEAR, DEVICE, WOLF Decoration-A: FIGHT, HORSEMAN IN THRACIAN COSTUME, FALLEN WARRIOR

Predominio de amazonomaquias

LIBIA (7) CIRENE

BENGAZI Vase Number-303533 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-LEKYTHOS Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENE Date Range-550-500 Attributed To-ATHENS 581, CLASS OF by BOTHMER Decoration-BD: AMAZONOMACHY, HERAKLES AND AMAZON, FALLING (?), HERMES SEATED ON BLOCK

Vase Number-230324 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, BENGHAZI Date Range-400-300 Attributed To-GROUP G by BEAZLEY Decoration-B: DRAPED YOUTHS Decoration-A: HEADS OF AMAZON AND OF GRIFFIN

TOCRA

Vase Number-22815 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-FRAGMENT Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENE Date Range-525-475 Decoration-HERAKLES (AMAZONOMACHY ?) Vase Number-28357 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-AMPHORA, NECK FRAGMENTS Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENE, SANCTUARY OF DEMETER AND KORE Date Range-550-500 Decoration-B: WARRIOR DEPARTING, DEVICE, LEAFDecorationA: AMAZONS ON HORSEBACK, DOG

Predominio de amazonomaquias

Vase Number-350846 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-SKYPHOS FRAGMENTS Provenance-LIBYA, TOCRA Date Range-550-500 Decoration-AMAZONOMACHY, AMAZONS, YOUTHS, BETWEEN PALMETTES Vase Number-10804 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-SKYPHOS FRAGMENT Provenance-LIBYA, TOCRA Decoration-AMAZON, PALMETTE Vase Number-10832 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-BLACK-FIGURE Shape Record-AMPHORA, NECK FRAGMENT Provenance-LIBYA, TOCRA Date Range-575-525 Decoration-A: AMAZONOMACHY, AMAZON, WARRIOR, SHIELD DEVICE, TRIPOD

CIRENAICA (10) Vase Number-230318 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENAICA Date Range-400-300 Decoration-B: DRAPED YOUTHS Decoration-A: HEADS OF GRIFFIN, OF AMAZON AND OF HORSE Vase Number-230343 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENAICA Date Range-400-300 Decoration-A: HEAD OF AMAZON OR APHRODITE, CRANE Decoration-B: DRAPED YOUTHS

Vase Number-230331 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENAICA Date Range-400-300 Decoration-B: DRAPED YOUTHS, ONE WITH ARYBALLOS Decoration-A: HEADS OF GRIFFIN AND OF AMAZON

Vase Number-230465 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENAICA Date Range-400-300 Decoration-A: HEADS OF AMAZON AND OF GRIFFIN Decoration-B: DRAPED YOUTHS

Vase Number-230342 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENAICA Date Range-400-300 Decoration-A: HEAD OF AMAZON, CRANE Vase Number-230335 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENAICA Date Range-400-300 Decoration-A: HEADS OF AMAZON AND HORSE

Vase Number-230330 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENAICA Date Range-400-300 Decoration-A: HEADS OF AMAZON AND OF GRIFFIN Decoration-B: DRAPED YOUTHS

Predominio de grifomaquias

Vase Number-230333 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENAICA Date Range-400-300 Decoration-A: HEADS OF AMAZON AND OF HORSE

Vase Number-230332 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENAICA Date Range-400-300 DecorationA: HEADS OF GRIFFIN AND OF AMAZON Vase Number-230317 Fabric-ATHENIAN Technique-RED-FIGURE Shape Record-PELIKE Provenance-LIBYA, CYRENAICA Date Range-400-300 Decoration-A: HEADS OF GRIFFIN, AMAZON AND HORSE Decoration-B: DRAPED YOUTHS

CONCLUSIONES

Relatos egipcios sobre las amazonas escasos

Tradicional asociación a influencia griega Existencia de conocimiento de mujeres guerreras en Nubia, Cirenaica y quizá Escitia. Rasgos asociados a la literatura persa por sus paralelismos y contacto. Localizan el país de las amazonas entre Egipto y la India La mayoría de los vasos griegos se centran en amazonomaquias o grifomaquias, no en relatos asociados a los mitos en que participan héroes helenos. Aunque la muestra es muy reducida (aprox. 2% de todas las representaciones amazónicas descubiertas)

BIBLIOGRAFÍA BÁSICA FAGE, J. D. (2002); The Cambridge History of Africa. Vol. 2. 500 BC to AD 1050; Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press. HART, George (2005); Egyptian gods and goddesses; London, Routledge. HOCKMANN, Ursula; KREIKENBOM, Detlev (2001); Naukratis, die Beziehungen zu Ostgriechenland, Agypten und Zypern in archaischer Zeit; Bibliópolis. MAYOR, Adrienne (2014); The Amazons. Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World; Princeton, Princeton University Press. MICHAEL, Jordan (2004); Dictionary Of Gods And Goddesses; New York, Facts on file. MOLLER, Astrid (2001); Naukratis. Trade in Archaic Greece; Oxford, Oxford University Press. MORAWETZ Franz (2012); Aufstand des Inaros und die Athen ische Expedition nach Ägypten; Tésis.