UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO
LICENCIATURA EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL PARA LA SUSTENTABILIDAD: EL CONOCIMIENTO ECOLÓGICO TRADICIONAL COMO BASE PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA SUSTENTABILIDAD EN LOS PROGRAMAS DE ETNOCIENCIAS DE LAS INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR EN MÉXICO
TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE
LICENCIADO EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES
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JIMENA LEONOR PAZ NAVARRO DIRECTOR DE TESIS: DRA. GERALDINE PATRICK ENCINAS CO-DIRECTOR: DR. ANDRÉS CAMOU GUERRERO
MORELIA, MICHOACÁN
DICIEMBRE, 2013
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO
LICENCIATURA EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL PARA LA SUSTENTABILIDAD: EL CONOCIMIENTO ECOLÓGICO TRADICIONAL COMO BASE PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA SUSTENTABILIDAD EN LOS PROGRAMAS DE ETNOCIENCIAS DE LAS INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR EN MÉXICO
TESIS QUE PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE
LICENCIADO EN CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES
P
R
E
S
E
N
T
A
JIMENA LEONOR PAZ NAVARRO DIRECTOR DE TESIS: DRA. GERALDINE PATRICK ENCINAS CO-DIRECTOR: DR. ANDRÉS CAMOU GUERRERO
MORELIA, MICHOACÁN
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DICIEMBRE, 2013
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son y Harrington,&'A-%>0?(!)'!C%!'-(+T0+C+&\%!P*c,'1gV301!@!2,&3'-%M!"U::Qj!cA-%!=3'!%>3d%)%!'(!:`47! 1914), y de la cual nos convencionalmente aceptada, sin pretender que sea mos en este artículo. exhaustiva, ni única (Figura 1). K+,! N%A--'-',! %C! ,'%C01%,! iología fue acuñada'A-3)0+A! como concepto en un texto A+T,'! C+A! conocimientos y utilización del entorno natural >+(+>0$0'(-+A! @! 3-0C01%>0?(! apaches chiricahuas y mescaleros del suroeste Estados Unidos (Castteter y Opler, 1936). Los )'C! '(-+,(+! (%-3,%C! '(-,'! s de esas disciplinas estaban estructurados sobre de visiones y metodologías que estudiaban las @! C+A! %K%>l'A! >l0,0>%l3%A! cencias” utilitarias de los pueblos denominados A3,+'A-'! os”, a la usanza $'A>%C',+A! colonial de )'C! entonces. Sin)'! o, abrieron algunas perspectivas temáticas DA-%)+A! F(0)+A! P*c,'1gV301! s, 1970; Pujol, 1970), y posteriormente dieron "U::Q;! nuevas propuestas @! y nuevas2,&3'-%M! preguntas sobre los de saberes indígenas, tradicionales y populares H%C)+(%)+gqy',)'CC! P:`5UQ! auss, 1972; Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1976; Toledo et '-(+T0+C+&\%! 8; Cardona, 1979; )'=0(0?! Posey et%!al.,C%!1990; Bonfil, ntre otros). >+$+! 3(%! )0A>0KC0(%! ^3'! [k!
o de desarrollo de tales ha permitido 0*&/&!disciplinas ,! '2! .,%D(! &-! &'02=*(! diversos objetos de estudio, que pueden ser =&!-,'!$-,/0,'!:!,/*),-&'6!&/! gún grupo animal particular, ya sea en el nivel !"#$%&'()'Serie de disciplinas etnocientíficas e u orden, por ejemplo: etnomastozoología, 2/,! %&D*?/! .2,-T2*&%,6! $(%! z0&3,%! :;! W',0'! &'('%C?&0>%! )'! C%A! )0A>0KC0(%A! )'! '-(+>0'(>0%A! tología, etnoentomología o etnolepidopteroloP2,&3'-%!&0!,-I6!"U:"Q;! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! or aspectos temáticos: etnomineralogía, etnoLa etnozoología ha tenido diversas mudanzas en sus 7 !W'! >+(A0)',%! ^3'! 'C! +,0&'(! )'! C%! D-(+T+-Z(0>%! '(! HcI0>+! A'! 0(0>0%! >+(!como 'C! 'A-3)0+! )'! %!(%l+%M!'(!:997!PH%C)+(%)+gq+',)'CC!'(!2,&3'-%M!:``8.54Q;! n este sentido, Hviding (2001) señala que dicho estudia el uso de los animales que hace un pueblo no parece tener fin pues algunas propuestas se primitivo, hasta la que se propone hacer el estudio de los ya a otros campos la etnohistoria, la sistemas de saberes que sobre zoología posee una ""! como ! onomía o la etnomatemática (cfr. Pujol, 1970; cultura específica o, al campo de estudio de las relaciones 1970; Fowler, 1979; Cardona, 1985; Argueta, que han existido entre los diferentes grupos humanos
2/! D%2$(! L2),/(! =&>*/*=(! T2&! -,! L,5*0,! (! P*&/&! ,! &--,! $,%,! (50&/&%-('f! &'! 2/,! .*&/.*,! &'&/.*,-)&/0&! .2-02%,-XI! mA-%! %! A3! G'1M! ! _3(-+! >+(! C%! '-(+&'+&,%=\%! @! +-,%AM! K',$0-0',+(!C%!=+,$%>0?(!)'!C%!'-(+'>+C+&\%!'(!:`65!P2,&3'-%M!:``8Q;! D(!C%!z0&3,%!:!A'!K,'A'(-%!3(%!A',0'!&'('%C?&0>%!K%,%!0()0>%,!C%A!='>l%A!)'!>,'%>0?(! )'!C%A!)0A>0KC0(%A!'-(+>0'(-\=0>%A!K,+K3'A-%!K+,!2,&3'-%!&0!,-;!P"U:"Q;! DI0A-0',+(! )+A! K',AK'>-0G%A! $'-+)+C?&0>%A! )3,%(-'! C%! &'A-%>0?(! )'! C%A! '-(+>0'(>0%A;! E%! K,0$',%! >+(A0A-0?! '(! [,'>+,-%,]! +T_'-+A! ,'%C'A! +! [(%-3,%C'A]! K%,%! >+(G',-0,C+A!'(!+T_'-+A!)'!'A-3)0+.!C+A!K3'TC+A!+!C+A!A3_'-+AM!C%A!'AK'>0'A!T0+C?&0>%A!+! C+A!+T_'-+AM!C%A!0(-',%>>0+('A!0(-'C'>-3%C'A!+!3-0C0-%,0%A!'(-,'!C%A!K+TC%>0+('A!l3$%(%A! @!C%A!'AK'>0'AM!@!C%A!0(-',%>>0+('A!'(-,'!C%A!K+TC%>0+('A!l3$%(%A!@!C+A!'A-3)0+A+A!)'! 'A-%A! 0(-',%>>0+('A! P2,&3'-%M! :``8j! *c,'1gV301! @! 2,&3'-%M! "U::Q;! *+A-',0+,$'(-'M! C%! A'&3()%!>+(A0A-0?!'(!%&,3K%,!-%C'A!$%,>+A!)0A>0KC0(%,0+A!K%,%!&'(',%,!)0A>0KC0(%A!$ZA! 0(>C3A0G%AM!>+$+!C%!'-(+T0+C+&\%!@!'-(+'>+C+&\%!P*c,'1gV301!@!2,&3'-%M!"U::QI! D(! :`75M! W-3,-'G%(-! %>3d?! 'C! >+(>'K-+! )'! ['-(+>0'(>0%]! K%,%! )'A>,0T0,! 3(! (3'G+! $c-+)+! '-(+&,Z=0>+;! DC! K,'=0_+! ['-(+]! C+! 3-0C01?! K%,%! ,'=',0,A'! %C! A0A-'$%! )'! >+(+>0$0'(-+!@!'C!K,+>'A+!>+&(0-0G+!-\K0>+!)'!3(%!>3C-3,%!PW-3,-'G%(-M!:`75.``Q;!*+,! +-,+! C%)+M! 'C! -c,$0(+! [>0'(>0%]! C+! 3A%! 'A'(>0%C$'(-'! >+$+! 3(! ,'=','(-'! )'C! A0&(0=0>%)+!)'![>C%A0=0>%>0?(]!PW-3,-'G%(-M!:`75Q;!N+(!T%A'!'(!'A-+M!C%A!['-(+>0'(>0%A! )'!C%!(%-3,%C'1%]!A'!)'=0(0,\%(!>+$+!%^3'CC%A!W=*'.*$-*/,'!T2&!&'02=*,/!-('!'*'0&),'!=&! ',5&%&'! */=ED&/,'! :! YfZ! -,! .-,'*>*.,.*?/! =&! -('! '&%&'! P*P('! :g(! -('! &.('*'0&),'! =&! ,.2&%=(!,!-,'!.,0&D(%E,'!=&!-,!-&/D2,!-(.,-X!P2,&3'-%M!:``8.74Q;! ! "/! -,'! =*>&%&/0&'! .(/.&$02,-*H,.*(/&'! =&! -,'! &0/(.*&/.*,'! ,.02,-&'! '&! */'*'0&! &/! T2&! -('! (5M&0('!=&!&'02=*(!-(!.(/'0*02:&/!-,'!*=&,'6!-('!$%(.&'('!:!-,'!>(%),'!=&!%&-,.*?/6!5,M(!-,'! =*)&/'*(/&'!0*&)$(!:!&'$,.*(6!&/0%&!-('!$2&5-('!(!$(5-,.*(/&'!L2),/,'!:!-,'!&'$&.*&'!:! &.('*'0&),'6!:!&/!9@#*.(!,!$,%0*%!=&!dhic6!'&!*/'*'0&!&/!T2&!&-!(5M&0(!=&!&'02=*(!'(/!-,'! */0&%%&-,.*(/&'!&/0%&!-('!$2&5-('6!-,'!&'$&.*&'!:!&-!)&=*(!,)5*&/0&!P*c,'1gV301!@!2,&3'-%M! "U::.47Q;! !
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