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Fitoterapia 79 (2008) 465 – 467 www.elsevier.com/locate/fitote
Short report
Antihyperlipidemic effect of Casearia sylvestris methanolic extract Tatiana Schoenfelder a,b,c,⁎, Claus T. Pich a,b,c , Reginaldo Geremias a,c , Silvio Ávila a,b,c , Elaine N. Daminelli a , Rozangela C. Pedrosa d , Jane Bettiol e ο
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b
Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária n 1105, Bairro: Universitário, CEP: 88806-000, Criciúma - SC, Brazil ο Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária n 1105, Bairro: Universitário, CEP: 88806-000, Criciúma - SC, Brazil ο c Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária n 1105, Bairro: Universitário, CEP: 88806-000, Criciúma - SC, Brazil d Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Universitário, Bairro: Trindade, Cx. Postal 5069, CEP. 88040-970, Florianópolis - SC, Brazil ο e Departamento de Medicina, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense - UNESC, Av. Universitária n 1105, Bairro: Universitário, CEP: 88806-000, Criciúma - SC, Brazil Received 21 December 2006; accepted 27 March 2008 Available online 6 June 2008
Abstract Casearia sylvestris methanolic extract (MCE) was screened at doses of 125–500 mg/kg for its antihyperlipidemic activity. The antihyperlipidemic effect was evaluated in olive oil-loaded mice. Acute treatment caused inhibition in the triglyceride (TG) and serum lipase elevation-induced by 5 ml/kg of olive oil. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Casearia sylvestris; Antihyperlipidemic; Olive oil
1. Plant Casearia sylvestris S.W. (Flacourtiaceae), leaves collected in Criciúma (Santa Catarina, Brazil) were taxonomically authenticated by Profa. Dra Vanilde Citadini-Zanete. A voucher specimen (CRI 7381) has been deposited in the Herbarium of the Botany Department at Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (Criciúma, Brazil). 2. Uses in traditional medicine C. sylvestris is very common in tropical America and 70 species are present in Brazil [1]. The popular names are: (1) Guaçatonga, (2) Erva de bugre or (3) Pau-de-lagarto. Found in whole Brazilian territory, its leaf extract is used in medicine as an antiseptic, cicatrizant in skin diseases and as a topical anesthetic [2]. Studies have demonstrated that the leaf extracts exert a significant preventive antiulcerative effect in “pylorusligated model” in rats, as indicated by the reduction in the gastric volume and hydrocloride acid output. It does not ⁎ Corresponding author. Caixa postal numero 7001, CEP: 88025970, Florianopolis-SC, Brazil. Tel.: +55 48 431 2561; fax: +55 48 431 2644. E-mail address:
[email protected] (T. Schoenfelder). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2008.03.008
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change the pH of gastric secretion [3]. Borges et al. [4] showed that the C. sylvestris extract have compounds able to neutralize the hemorragic activity induced by crude venoms or by isolated toxins. 3. Previously isolated constituents Clerodane diterpenoids [5,6], caryophyllene, thujopsene, alfa-humulene, beta-acoradiene, germacrene-D, bicyclogermacrene, calamenene, germacrene B, spathulenol and globulol [7]. 4. Tested material Leaves of C. sylvestris (15 g) were macerated in MeOH(650 ml) at r.t. for 7 days. The methanolic extract was concentrated and dissolved in distillated water plus Polyoxyethylenesorbitan Monooleate (Tween 80–0.771 g). 5. Animals Male Swiss mice (40–55 g) weighing 25–30 g were used. They were housed in a standard environmental conditions and fed with pellet food (Supra Lab, Alisul - Braço do Norte - SC), and tap water ad libitum. The animals fasted for 12–14 h before experimentation but it was allowed free access to water. Mice were monitored and maintained in accordance to the ethical recommendations of the Brazilian Veterinary-Medicine Council (CMV) and the Brazilian College of Animal Experimentation (COBEA). 6. Studied activity The antihyperlipidemic activity was evaluated according to Shimoda et al. [8]. Fasted mice were divided into five groups (n = 6). Groups I–II were used as a control and received the vehicle (negative control) or the vehicle plus olive oil (hiperlipidemic). Group III received MCE, at the oral dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg. Group IV received Orlistat (Xenical®), and group V received fenofibrate at the oral dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg as a fine aqueous suspension. Olive oil (5 ml/kg oral dose) was administered 30 min after treatment. Blood was collected by ocular puncture 2, 4 and 6 h after olive oil treatment, and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. Serum samples were stored at − 20 °C until biochemical analysis. Triglycerides (Synermed™ donated kits) and lipase were done using available commercial kits which work by colorimetric and enzymatic methods. 7. Results Reported in Tables 1 and 2. 8. Conclusion The acute treatment with the C. sylvestris methanolic crude extract (MCE) caused inhibitory effects both on TG serum elevation and on serum lipase after olive oil administration. The maximum inhibitory effect on serum Table 1 Effect of C. sylvestris methanolic crude extract (MCE) on serum triglyceride in mice Treatment
0
2
4
6
Group I (hyperlipidemic) Group II (negative control) MCE 125 mg/kg MCE 250 mg/kg MCE 500 mg/kg Orlistat 250 mg/kg Fenofibrate 250 mg/kg
15.83 ± 1.02 13.20 ± 0.73 14.54 ± 3.03 15.52 ± 1.45 16.34 ± 0.73 13.43 ± 1.53 14.65 ± 3.56
195.13 ± 20.86 15.95 ± 0.69⁎⁎⁎ 92.63 ± 11.55⁎⁎⁎ 36.03 ± 4.39⁎⁎⁎ 26.58 ± 3.90⁎⁎⁎ 38.54 ± 5.72⁎⁎⁎ 87.10 ± 18.13⁎⁎⁎
138.9 ± 21.11 19.42 ± 2.46⁎⁎⁎ 106.29 ± 5.88⁎⁎⁎ 45.48 ± 3.20⁎⁎⁎ 32.42 ± 6.07⁎⁎⁎ 31.27 ± 3.60⁎⁎⁎ 85.13 ± 12.15⁎
86.26 ± 5.12 22.22 ± 1.08⁎⁎⁎ 145.98 ± 5.86⁎⁎⁎ 89.83 ± 9.78⁎⁎⁎ 26.29 ± 3.76⁎⁎⁎ 22.89 ± 7.07⁎⁎⁎ 73.20 ± 6.8
Values are means ± SEM; N = 6. ⁎ P b 005, ⁎⁎⁎ P b 0001 vs. hiperlipidemic Statistically significant using Student's t-test.
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Table 2 Effect of C. sylvestris methanolic crude extract (MCE) on serum lipase in mice Treatment
0
2
4
6
Group I (hyperlipidemic) Group II (negative control) MCE 125 mg/kg MCE 250 mg/kg MCE 500 mg/kg Orlistat 250 mg/kg Fenofibrate 250 mg/kg
180.25 ± 3.67 175.45 ± 10.13 178.67 ± 2.48 179 ± 4.76 181.65 ± 5.89 182.74 ± 3.23 180.23 ± 5.54
191.51 ± 4.70 186.19 ± 9.88 185.72 ± 1.42 301.72 ± 9.51⁎⁎⁎ 164.01 ± 9.28⁎⁎⁎ 191.02 ± 4.87 183.25 ± 9.13
188.32 ± 5.28 216.21 ± 3.48⁎⁎⁎ 188.19 ± 1.91 309.78 ± 7.62⁎⁎⁎ 150.31 ± 3.69⁎⁎⁎ 173.79 ± 4.41 220.19 ± 3.56⁎⁎⁎
201.30 ± 5.89 213.11 ± 8.21 192 ± 1.27 293.58 ± 0.68⁎⁎⁎ 173.02 ± 6.32⁎⁎⁎ 184.48 ± 4.22 215.37 ± 8.26
Values are means ± SEM; N = 6. ⁎⁎⁎ P b 0001 vs. hiperlipidemic. Statistically significant using Student's t-test.
TG level was observed with 500 mg/kg, when the MCE inhibits the TG elevation 86% in 2 h; 77% in 4 h and 69% in 6 h. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
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