(2013) Dos modelos críticos en «Destino»: Antonio Vilanova y Rafael Vázquez-Zamora.

September 13, 2017 | Autor: Blanca Ripoll Sintes | Categoría: Cultural Studies, Journalism, Literary Criticism, Dictatorships, Franquismo, Literatura Comparada
Share Embed


Descripción

DOS MODELOS CR ÍT ICOS EN DE STINO: ANTONIO VILANOVA Y R AFAEL VÁZQUEZ-ZAMOR A Blanca Ripoll Sintes Universitat de Barcelona

 8QDUHYLVWDVHPDQDOFRPR DestinoRIUHFHXQWHUUHQRDERQDGRSDUDGHEDWLUHQWRUQRD HVWD FXHVWLyQ 3RU XQ ODGR VH HULJtD HQ KHUHGHUD GH ODV SXEOLFDFLRQHV EDUFHORQHVDV GH DQWHJXHUUDFRPRMiradorUHYLVWDVFXLGDGDVGLULJLGDVDXQS~EOLFRGHFODVHPHGLDDOWDFRQ XQ FLHUWR QLYHO FXOWXUDO JUXSR VRFLDO TXH VLQ VHU XQD pOLWH UHGXFLGD WHQtDQ HO GHVHR GH VHQWLUVH FRPR WDO 3HUR SRU HO RWUR ODGR HVWDED UHDOPHQWH GLULJLGD SRU XQD PHQWH HPSUHVDULDOFRPRODGH-RVHS9HUJpVTXHHQHOIRQGREXVFDEDXQQHJRFLRUHQWDEOHTXHOH SHUPLWLHUDYLYLUFyPRGDPHQWHGHpO (Q VHJXQGR OXJDU GHEHPRV FRQWHPSODU RWUR IDFWRU TXH LQFLGH HQ OD FRQWUDSRVLFLyQ H[SUHVDGD HQ HO WtWXOR OD GLIXVLyQ GH OD UHYLVWD \ VXV FXRWDV GH PHUFDGR 'H ORV  VXVFULSWRUHVFRQTXHFRQWDEDHODestinoGH%XUJRV  ODHPSUHVDEDUFHORQHVDGH 9HUJpV\$JXVWtSDVyDWHQHUXQDVWLUDGDVGHHMHPSODUHVHQODLQPHGLDWDSRVJXHUUD WLUDGD TXH DXPHQWy D  D SULQFLSLRV GH ORV  \ TXH HQ  DOFDQ]y VXV Pi[LPDVFRWDVFRQHMHPSODUHV6LQRVFHQWUDPRVHQODVYHQWDVGHODGpFDGDGHORV FLQFXHQWD HQWUH  \  HMHPSODUHV D OR ODUJR GH HVRV GLH] DxRV  \ WHQHPRV DGHPiV HQ FXHQWD TXH XQ PtQLPR GH XQ  GH OD UHYLVWD VH DJRWDED HQ OD FLXGDG GH %DUFHORQD\DOUHGHGRUHVSRGHPRVDVHJXUDUTXHHOUDGLRGHLQIOXHQFLDSRUPHWURFXDGUDGR GHODJHQWHGHDestinoHUDPX\LQWHQVD\TXHHQFRQVHFXHQFLDHOJUXSRVRFLDOGHOHFWRUHV SRGtD OOHJDU D VHU EDVWDQWH KHWHURJpQHR $XQTXH VHJXLPRV HQWUH ORV PiUJHQHV GH FODVH PHGLD \ FODVH PHGLDDOWD HV SUREDEOH TXH HO QLYHO IRUPDWLYR GH GLFKR S~EOLFR IXHUD PX\ YDULDGR (Q HVWH VHQWLGR HO alma mater 9HUJpV GLYHUVLILFy KiELOPHQWH HO QLYHO FXOWR GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQ OLWHUDULD TXH VH RIUHFtD HQ ODV SiJLQDV GH ©$UWH \ /HWUDVª TXH SRU WDQWR FRQWHPSODURQ HO DPSOLR HVSHFWUR TXH LED GHVGH XQRV DUWtFXORV FUtWLFRV FRPR ORV GHO SURIHVRU$QWRQLR9LODQRYD TXLHQFRPRYHUHPRVHUDSDUWLGDULRGHODPLVLyQNUDXVLVWDGH ODFUtWLFDOLWHUDULDHGXFDUHOJXVWRGHOS~EOLFR KDVWDORVDUWtFXORVGLYXOJDWLYRVGHOFUtWLFR\ WUDGXFWRUDQGDOX]5DIDHO9i]TXH]=DPRUD (VWH~OWLPRKDEtDHPSH]DGRDFRODERUDUHQDestinoHQWRUQRDSHURQRIXHKDVWD \VXLQFRUSRUDFLyQDODFROXPQDGH©/DYLGDGHORVOLEURVªIXQGDGDSRU-XDQ5DPyQ 0DVROLYHU TXH VX SUHVHQFLD HQ OD UHYLVWD IXH FRQVWDQWH \ FDVL tQWHJUDPHQWH GHGLFDGD D OD FUtWLFD OLWHUDULD 9DOHGRU GH OD UHYLVWD HQ 0DGULG \ JUDQ FRQRFHGRU GHO PXQGR HGLWRULDO HVSDxRO \ GH OD OLWHUDWXUD DQJORVDMRQD IXH XQ LPSRUWDQWH WUDGXFWRU GH QRYHOD LQJOHVD \ QRUWHDPHULFDQD GXUDQWH OD SRVJXHUUD 9i]TXH]=DPRUD GHVHPSHxy XQ PRGHOR GH FUtWLFD

 5HPLWLPRV DO OHFWRU D ODV ~OWLPDV SiJLQDV GH Las tres vidas de «Destino» GH &DUOHV *HOL \ - 0 +XHUWDV &ODYHUtD  GRQGHH[SRQHQODHYROXFLyQGHORVSUHFLRV\ODVYHQWDVGHOVHPDQDULR

221

Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX)

222

GLYXOJDWLYDFDVLWULYLDOL]DGRUDTXHSUHWHQGtDDFHUFDUODVQRYHGDGHVOLWHUDULDVDORVOHFWRUHV 6HJ~Q 'iPDVR 6DQWRV 9i]TXH]=DPRUD VH GHGLFy SOHQDPHQWH DO HMHUFLFLR GH OD FUtWLFD OLWHUDULD\ODJORVDGHDFWXDOLGDGFXOWXUDO©DODVTXHDSRUWyVXVHQVDWH]ULJRUWUDQVSDUHQFLD\ EXHQRVPRGRVHQORVSHULyGLFRV\UHYLVWDVSDUDGDUFXHQWDFDEDO\KRQHVWDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ GHXQDFODVHGHKHFKRVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVTXHHOSHULRGLVWDWDQGLItFLOPHQWHYDORUDª 6DQWRV  'HHVWDPDQHUDDxDGH6DQWRVGLRODOHFFLyQPiVFODULILFDGRUDGHFUtWLFDOLWHUDULD PLOLWDQWHHQOD(VSDxDGHODSRVJXHUUD $ QXHVWUR MXLFLR ©FODULILFDGRUDª QR HV HO WpUPLQR MXVWR 9i]TXH]=DPRUD IXH XQ EULOODQWHHVFDSDUDWHXQJUDQSXEOLFLVWDGHODVQRYHGDGHVOLWHUDULDVPDGULOHxDV6XPLUDGDFDVL SDWHUQDOUHFRUULyODV~OWLPDVSXEOLFDFLRQHVGHODVOLEUHUtDVQDFLRQDOHV\VXJUDQGRPLQLRGH ODOHQJXDLQJOHVDOHSHUPLWLyWUDGXFLUREUDVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGH9LUJLQLD:RROI9LFWRULD+ROW 7/REVDQJ5DPSD*HRUJH2UZHOO&]HVODZ0LORV]6DXO%HOORZ5LFKDUG+XJKHV-RVHSK &RQUDG -R\FH &DU\ :LOOLDP 7KDFNHUD\ 9LQWLOD +RULD 6LQFODLU /HZLV R :DOWHU 6FRWW $Vt SXHV OD GREOH DWHQFLyQ D OD OLWHUDWXUD HVSDxROD \ D OD HXURSHD \ QRUWHDPHULFDQD OR FRQYLUWLHURQ HQ XQ JUDQ SXQWDO GH LQIRUPDFLyQ VL ELHQ ODV FUtWLFDV OLWHUDULDV UHVXOWDQWHV TXHGDEDQILOWUDGDVSRUVXSHUVRQDOYLVLyQGHODVFRVDV\SRUXQDIDOWDGHGLVWDQFLDUHVSHFWR GHODREUDUHVHxDGD$HVWDIDOWDGHSHUVSHFWLYDGHGLVWDQFLDREMHWLYDFDEHVXPDUHOFDUiFWHU GH9i]TXH]=DPRUDQRUPDOPHQWHUHDFLRDFLHUWDVQRYHGDGHVSRUTXHQRVHFRUUHVSRQGtDQ FRQ VXV SUHIHUHQFLDV SDUWLFXODUHV GXUDQWH ORV DxRV FXDUHQWD VHUi VLJQLILFDWLYD VX EDWDOOD FRQWUDHOWUHPHQGLVPRRGXUDQWHORVFLQFXHQWDFRQWUDHOUHDOLVPRVRFLDO\HOREMHWLYLVPR 9i]TXH]=DPRUD\HOFUtWLFR\SURIHVRUXQLYHUVLWDULRSURWDJRQL]DUtDQORTXH&DUOHV*HOL \ -RVHS 0DUtD +XHUWDV &ODYHUtD GDUtDQ HQ OODPDU ©OD HUD GH ORV FUtWLFRV OLWHUDULRV© HQ OD GpFDGDGHORVFLQFXHQWD6LQHPEDUJRHOGRFHQWHHLQYHVWLJDGRUEDUFHORQpVVHUtDVLQOXJDUD GXGDVODYR]FUtWLFDPiVHPLQHQWHGHODUHYLVWDGXUDQWHHVRVDxRV$QWRQLR9LODQRYDLQLFLy VX ODERU EDMR HO RUWHJXLDQR PDUEHWH GH ©/D OHWUD \ HO HVStULWXª HQ  VHFFLyQ TXH PDQWHQGUtDKDVWDIHFKDGHVXSDUWLGDD0DGLVRQ :LVFRQVLQ GRQGHSDVDUtDGRVDxRV HQODXQLYHUVLGDGGHGLFKDFLXGDG(QVXVHFFLyQGHVDUUROOyXQPRGHORGHFUtWLFDDPHGLR FDPLQRHQWUHODFUtWLFDXQLYHUVLWDULD\HUXGLWD\ODFUtWLFDGHGLIXVLyQFXOWXUDO KDELWXDOGHOD SUHQVD SHULyGLFD  5HSDVy ODV JUDQGHV QRYHGDGHV HQ FXDQWR D QRYHOD \ SRHVtD HVSDxRODV HXURSHDVRQRUWHDPHULFDQDVUHIOH[LRQDUtDVREUHORVJUDQGHVILOyVRIRVGHWRGRVORVWLHPSRV \DWHQGHUtDHQSURIXQGLGDGODUHFLpQSHUPLWLGDOLWHUDWXUDFDWDODQDFRQWHPSRUiQHD 6HUiQSUHFLVDPHQWHODOXFLGH]ODHUXGLFLyQ\ODXQLYHUVDOLGDGORVIDFWRUHVHVHQFLDOHVGHOD FUtWLFDOLWHUDULDGHOSURIHVRU9LODQRYD8QDHUXGLFLyQ\XQDOXFLGH]TXHOHSHUPLWLHURQWRPDU OD GLVWDQFLD VXILFLHQWH IUHQWH DO REMHWR GH HVWXGLR FRQ OR TXH ORJUy GHVDUUROODU XQD ODERU FUtWLFD SURIHVLRQDO GH JUDQ FDOLGDG \ REMHWLYLGDG FLHQWtILFD (O SURIHVRU $GROIR 6RWHOR DSXQWD OD LQFLGHQFLD GHO PRGHOR RUWHJXLDQR HQ HO TXHKDFHU GH 9LODQRYD D TXLHQ GHILQH FRPR©HOFUtWLFROLWHUDULRGHPD\RUPRGHUQLGDGGHHVHSUHFLVRPRPHQWRKLVWyULFRª 6RWHOR  SRUXQODGRODPLVLyQGHHQWHQGHUODREUDOLWHUDULD\ODintentio auctorisDQWHVGH HPLWLU HO MXLFLR FUtWLFR \ SRU HO RWUR OD QHFHVDULD FRUUHVSRQGHQFLD HQWUH OD OLWHUDWXUD \ OD VRFLHGDGTXHODKDSURGXFLGROD©FLUFXQVWDQFLDªRUWHJXLDQD(QSDODEUDVGH9LODQRYD  (QWHQGLGDODFUtWLFDFRPRXQPpWRGRGHFRQRFLPLHQWRDODYH]LQWHOHFWXDOHLQWXLWLYRTXH DWUDYpVGHXQDPLQXFLRVDLQGDJDFLyQGHVXIRQGR\FRQWHQLGRUHGXFHDFRQFHSWRVHLGHDVOR TXHHQODFUHDFLyQOLWHUDULDHVDXWpQWLFDYLGDHOFUtWLFRSDUWHGHODFRQYLFFLyQSUHYLDGHTXH WRGDFUHDFLyQOLWHUDULDKDGHVHULQWHUSUHWDGDDQWHVGHVHUMX]JDGD\GHTXHQRSXHGHGDUVH

 2UWHJD UHFRJHUtD HQ  DUWtFXORV SXEOLFDGRV HQ El Sol \ WDPELpQ HQ OD Revista de Occidente \ HQ La Nación GH %XHQRV $LUHV EDMR HO PDUEHWH Espíritu de la letra WtWXOR GH OD VHFFLyQ TXH GDUtD QRPEUH DO OLEUR HGLWDGRSRU5HYLVWDGH2FFLGHQWH0DGULG   *HOL \ +XHUWDV &ODYHUtD GHVWDFDQ ©OD VRUSUHQGHQWH \ SRU OD pSRFD UiSLGD DWHQFLyQ SUHVWDGD D ODV QRYHGDGHVHGLWRULDOHVGH(VWDGRV8QLGRV\GH(XURSDª *HOL+XHUWDV&ODYHUtD 

Dos modelos críticos en DESTINO... Blanca Ripoll Sintes

223

XQDMXVWD\ULJXURVDYDORUDFLyQFUtWLFDGHXQDREUDVLQRKDPHGLDGRSUHYLDPHQWHXQKRQGR\ GHQRGDGRHVIXHU]RGHFRPSUHQVLyQSRUSDUWHGHOTXHTXLHUDMX]JDUOD 9LODQRYD 

 6XHQRUPHEDJDMHGHOHFWXUDVHOGRPLQLRGHGLYHUVDVOHQJXDVH[WUDQMHUDV\VXLQVDFLDEOH FXULRVLGDGIXHURQODVFODYHVGHVXTXHKDFHUFUtWLFR6XFDSDFLGDGGHUHIOH[LyQ\WHRUL]DFLyQ FRQWULEXtD D OD FUHDFLyQ GH XQRV DUWtFXORV FUtWLFRV GH JUDQ FODULGDG FRQFHSWXDO \ FRQ XQD HVSHFLDOIDFXOWDGSDUDVLWXDUDDXWRUHV\REUDVHQVXFLUFXQVWDQFLDKLVWyULFD (VWRV GRV PRGHORV FUtWLFRV QR VyOR LEDQ D HQFRQWUDUVH HQ ODV SiJLQDV GH OD UHYLVWD DestinoVLQRTXHDGHPiVJHQHUDUtDQFLHUWDVGLVFXVLRQHVGHEDWHVFUtWLFRVVXDYHV\DPDEOHV SHURTXH HYLGHQFLDQXQDVHQRUPHVGLIHUHQFLDVHQODPDQHUD GH FRQFHELUHOHMHUFLFLRGHOD FUtWLFD OLWHUDULD 8QR GH HVWRV GHEDWHV IXH HO DFDHFLGR D SULQFLSLRV GH OD GpFDGD GH ORV FLQFXHQWD (O FUtWLFR EDUFHORQpV DFRVWXPEUDGR DO UDVWUHR GH IXHQWHV OLWHUDULDV GHELGR D VX SURIHVLyQFRPRLQYHVWLJDGRU\GRFHQWHXQLYHUVLWDULRUHIOH[LRQDDOSULQFLSLRGHODFUtWLFDD El camino GH 'HOLEHV DFHUFD GH OD LPSHULRVD QHFHVLGDG TXH VLHQWH GH KDOODU TXp PRGHOR OLWHUDULRSXGRLQVSLUDURVLUYLyFRPRSDUDGLJPDGLUHFWRSDUDFDGDREUDOLWHUDULDTXHFDHHQ VXVPDQRV  ([LVWHHQHOWUDVIRQGRGHOHVStULWXXQDPHPRULDVXEFRQVFLHQWHTXHLQVSLUDFDVLVLHPSUH VLQVDEHUORORVPiVHVSRQWiQHRVGLFWDGRVGHODLQWXLFLyQ/DSHUVLVWHQFLDLQDGYHUWLGD GH XQD HPRFLyQ R XQ VHQWLPLHQWR HO HFR SURORQJDGR GH XQ YHUVR R XQD IUDVH GLVFXUUHQ VRWHUUDGDPHQWHSRUORVPHDQGURVQHEXORVRVGHOUHFXHUGRHQWHUDPHQWHDMHQRVDOVDEHUGHOD FRQFLHQFLD7DQVyORDQWHHOLPSDFWRGHODPiVLPSUHYLVWDLQWXLFLyQDIORUDHOVDEHUROYLGDGRD QXHVWUD PHQWH H LOXPLQD OD FRQFLHQFLD FRQ XQ UHOiPSDJR GHVOXPEUDQWH FRQILUPDQGR OD YHUGDG GH OD VHQWHQFLD SODWyQLFD GH TXH HO VDEHU HV XQ DFRUGDUVH GH OR TXH \D WHQHPRV ROYLGDGR 6L HVWH PHFDQLVPR GH OD DGLYLQDQ]D LQWXLWLYD VREUH OD EDVH GH XQ YDVWR FRQRFLPLHQWRSUHVLGHDWRGDVKRUDVODODERUGHOHUXGLWR\GHOFUtWLFRHOSURFHVRLQYHUVRGHOD PHPRULDLQYROXQWDULDGHODLQFRQVFLHQWHDSURSLDFLyQGHIRUPDVHLGHDVDMHQDVFRPRJHUPHQ GH XQD QXHYD FUHDFLyQ HVWi VLHPSUH ODWHQWH HQ OD JpQHVLV GH WRGD REUD OLWHUDULD /DV FRQVHFXHQFLDVLPSUHYLVLEOHVTXHVREUHODVHQVLELOLGDGFUHDGRUDGHXQHVFULWRUQDWRKDSRGLGR HMHUFHUXQOLEURFXDOTXLHUDJHQLDORPHGLRFUHTXHQRJXDUGDUHVSHFWRDpOODPHQRUUHODFLyQ GH VHPHMDQ]D GHWHUPLQDQ OD GLItFLO HPSUHVD GHO UDVWUHR GH IXHQWHV TXH HV WDQWR FRPR DGLYLQDU ODV SRVLEOHV UHDFFLRQHV GH OD IDQWDVtD DQWH ODV P~OWLSOHV VXJHUHQFLDV GH OD SDODEUD HVFULWD 9LODQRYDD 

 8QDODERUTXHDGPLWHHVWpULODYHFHVSHURFX\RVUHVXOWDGRVIUXFWtIHURVSXHGHQLOXPLQDU XQDOHFWXUDRDSRUWDUDVSHFWRVTXHXQRQRKXELHUDSRGLGRLPDJLQDU©VLHVTXHVLJXHVLHQGR YiOLGDODPLVLyQGHODFUtWLFDGHVWLQDGDDRSHUDUGHVGHVLHPSUHPHGLDQWHODFRPSDUDFLyQ\HO DQiOLVLVª 9LODQRYD D    DSXQWD HO FUtWLFR 'H DKt TXH $QWRQLR 9LODQRYD GHVDUUROODUD GLFKD DFWLYLGDG GH E~VTXHGD \ UDVWUHR GH IXHQWHV OLWHUDULDV \R HVWpWLFDV D SURSyVLWRGHODQRYHODTXHWHQtDVREUHVXPHVDEl caminoGH'HOLEHVXQHVFULWRUSRURWUR ODGR PX\ FLUFXQVFULWR D XQ OXJDU D XQ SDtV D XQD UHJLyQ PX\ FRQFUHWRV (O PRGHOR OLWHUDULR TXH OD LQWXLFLyQ \ OD IRUPDFLyQ OLWHUDULDV GH 9LODQRYD VHxDODURQ IXH El Poney Colorado GH -RKQ 6WHLQEHFN FX\R KpURH LQIDQWLO -RG\ UHPHPRUDQGR OD YLGD GHO UDQFKR FDOLIRUQLDQRGRQGHYLYHDQWHODPXHUWHGHVXSHTXHxRSRQH\QRVyORUHFXHUGDHO'DQLHOGH 'HOLEHVVLQRWDPELpQORVSURWDJRQLVWDVGHREUDVFRPRGeorgia BoyGH(UVNLQH&DOGZHOOR The Unvanquished GH )DXONQHU $XQTXH DUJXPHQWD FDGD DVHYHUDFLyQ HO FUtWLFR LQWHQWD SUHYHQLUVH DQWH ODV SRVLEOHV FUtWLFDV ©VLQ OD PHQRU SUHWHQVLyQ GH VHxDODU XQ SODJLR LQH[LVWHQWH QL VLTXLHUD XQD UHPRWD LPLWDFLyQª 9LODQRYD D    'HVJUDQD 9LODQRYDORVPRWLYRVTXHOHOOHYDQDHQOD]DUDPEDVREUDVHOSURWDJRQLVWDLQIDQWLOODODUJD

1RGHEHPRVROYLGDUTXHIXHSUHFLVDPHQWHVXWHPDGHWHVLVLas fuentes y los temas del «Polifemo» de Góngora &6,&3DWURQDWR0HQpQGH]\3HOD\R,QVWLWXWR0LJXHOGH&HUYDQWHV0DGULG 

Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX)

224

VRPEUDGHOFLSUpVEDMRODFXDOKDPXHUWRHOSRQH\PRWLYRTXH\DKDOODPRVHQODSULPHUD QRYHODGH'HOLEHVJDQDGRUDGHO©1DGDOªRODWpFQLFDQDUUDWLYDTXHILOWUDODYLGDGHXQ OXJDUDWUDYpVGHODPLUDGDRGHOUHFXHUGRGHXQQLxR  6LQHPEDUJRILQDOL]DGDODOHFWXUDODUDGLFDOGHVHPHMDQ]DGHDPERVPXQGRVQRYHOHVFRV ODVSDWHQWHVGLIHUHQFLDVTXHVHSDUDQODYLGDGHXQUDQFKRGH&DOLIRUQLDGHODGHXQDDOGHDGH &DVWLOOD \ HO HYLGHQWH SUHGRPLQLR TXH FRQFHGH D OD 1DWXUDOH]D \ DO SDLVDMH OD QRYHOD GH 6WHLQEHFNIUHQWHDODLPSRUWDQFLDSULPRUGLDOTXHFRQILHUHDOSXHEOR\VXVJHQWHVHOUHODWRGH 'HOLEHV UHGXFHQ D XQ JUDGR VHFXQGDULR \ GHOH]QDEOH OD SRVLWLYD WUDVFHQGHQFLD GH DTXHO LQIOXMR 'HFLVLYDPHQWH HQUDL]DGR HQ OD JpQHVLV GH VX REUD JHUPHQ SURSXOVRU GH VX IRUPD QRYHOHVFD\PRGHORLQLFLDOGHODILJXUDGHVXKpURHHOLQIOXMRGHODREUDGH6WHLQEHFNVREUH 0LJXHO'HOLEHVVHUHGXFHDVHUHOPRGHORTXHOHLQGXMRDLQWURGXFLUHQ(VSDxDXQDGHODVPiV EHOODV IDFHWDV GHO UHDOLVPR SRpWLFR GH OD DFWXDO QRYHOD DPHULFDQD
Lihat lebih banyak...

Comentarios

Copyright © 2017 DATOSPDF Inc.